• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.986-990
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• 2004

Condensation of salicylaldehyde $(2-HOC_6H_4C(O)H)$ with allylamine afforded the unsaturated salicylaldimine, $2-HOC_6H_4C(H)=NCH_2CH=CH_2$. Similar reactivity was observed with substituted salicylaldehydes. Further reaction of these Schiff bases with palladium acetate or $Na_2PdCl_4$ afforded complexes of the type $PdL_2$, where L = deprotonated Schiff base. The molecular structure of the parent salicylaldimine palladium complex $[trans-(2-OC_6H_4C(H)=NCH_2CH=CH_2)_2Pd]$ (1) was characterized by an X-ray diffraction study. Crystals of 1 were monoclinic, space group $P2_1/n,\;a\;=\;14.0005(9)\;{\AA},\;b\;=7.2964(5)\;{\AA},\;c\;=\;17.5103(12)\;{\AA},\;{\beta}\;=\;100.189(1)^{\circ}$, Z = 4. Analogous chemistry with 4-vinylaniline also gave novel palladium complexes containing a pendant styryl group. Crystals of $[trans-(2-HOC_6H_4C(H)=N-4-C_6H_4CH=CH_2)_2Pd]$ (4) were monoclinic, space group $P2_1/c$, a = 13.7710(14) ${\AA}$, b = 11.0348(11) ${\AA}$, c = 7.8192(8) ${\AA}$, ${\beta}\;=\;98.817(2)^{\circ}$, Z = 2.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2018

The Epidural blood patch is considered the gold standard for managing postdural puncture headache when supportive measures fail. However, it is a procedure which can lead to another inadvertent dural puncture. Other potential adverse events that could occur during a blood patch are meningitis, neurological deficits, and unconsciousness. The bilateral greater occipital nerve block has been used for treating chronic headaches in patients with PDPH with a single injection. This minimally invasive, simple procedure can be considered for patients early, along with other supportive treatment, and an epidural blood patch can be avoided.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.626-629
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• 2015

Peripheral nerve injuries remain a challenge for reconstructive surgeons with many patients obtaining suboptimal results. Understanding the level of injury is imperative for successful repair. Current methods for distinguishing healthy from damaged nerve are time consuming and possess limited efficacy. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an emerging optical biopsy technology that enables dynamic, high resolution, sub-surface imaging of live tissue. Porcine sciatic nerve was either left undamaged or briefly clamped to simulate injury. Diluted fluorescein was applied topically to the nerve. CLE imaging was performed by direct contact of the probe with nerve tissue. Images representative of both damaged and undamaged nerve fibers were collected and compared to routine H&E histology. Optical biopsy of undamaged nerve revealed bands of longitudinal nerve fibers, distinct from surrounding adipose and connective tissue. When damaged, these bands appear truncated and terminate in blebs of opacity. H&E staining revealed similar features in damaged nerve fibers. These results prompt development of a protocol for imaging peripheral nerves intraoperatively. To this end, improving surgeons' ability to understand the level of injury through real-time imaging will allow for faster and more informed operative decisions than the current standard permits.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.231-236
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• 2021

Mucormycosis is an invasive, rapidly progressive, life-threatening fungal infection, with a propensity for diabetic, immunosuppressed, and trauma patients. The classic rhinocerebral variation is most common in diabetic patients. While the cutaneous form is usually caused by direct inoculation in immunocompetent patients. Cutaneous mucormycosis manifests in soft tissue and risks involvement of underlying structures. Tibial osteomyelitis can also occur secondary to cutaneous mucormycosis but is rare. Limb salvage is typically successful after lower extremity cutaneous mucormycosis even when the bone is involved. Herein, we report two cases of lower extremity cutaneous mucormycosis in diabetic patients that presented as acute worsening of chronic pretibial ulcers. Despite aggressive antifungal therapy and surgical debridement, both ultimately required amputation. Such aggressive presentation has not been reported in the absence of major penetrating trauma, recent surgery, or burns.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.817-822
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• 2009

Type-1 phosphatase (PP-1) was assessed in foot muscle (FM) and hepatopancreas (HP) of estivating (EST) Otala lactea. Snail PP-1 displayed several conserved traits, including sensitivity to inhibitors, substrate affinity, and reduction in size to a 39 kDa catalytic subunit (PP-1c). During EST, PP-1 activity in FM and HP crude extracts was reduced, though kinetics and protein levels of purified PP-1c isoforms were not altered. PP-1c protein levels increased and decreased in nuclear and glycogen-associated fractions, respectively, during EST. Gel filtration determined that a 257 kDa low $K_m$ PP-1$\alpha$ complex decreased during estivation whereas a 76 kDa high $K_m$ complex increased in EST. Western blotting confirmed that the 76 kDa protein consisted of PP-1$\alpha$ and nuclear inhibitor of PP-1 (NIPP-1). A suppression of PP-1 activity factors in the overall metabolic rate depression in estivating snails and the mechanism is mediated through altered cellular localization and interaction with binding partners.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.507-511
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• 2022

Law enforcement officers (LEOs) often encounter rapidly changing and uncontrolled situations that expose them to various hazards. A law enforcement agency requested an evaluation by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) when multiple LEOs reported illness after executing a search warrant and taking a suspect into custody. NIOSH investigators interviewed LEOs and reviewed medical records, forensic laboratory results for collected evidence, and environmental testing results of samples taken after the operation. Two-thirds (25 of 38) of LEOs who participated in the operation reported ≥1 symptom. Eleven LEOs met a case definition for influenza-like illness (ILI). Members of one unit were more likely to have ILI than non-members (prevalence ratio (PR), 4.1; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3-13.0; p = 0.01). Influenza vaccination was associated with a lower prevalence of ILI (PR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.9; p = 0.02). Preventing employees from working while ill and annual influenza vaccination might prevent similar occurrences.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.149-151
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• 2008

A new Phalaenopsis cultivar 'Little Dew' has been developed by a cross breeding and a line selection at the Flower Breeding Research Institute, Gyeongnam ARES from 2000 to 2007. Characteristics trials for this cultivar was carried out three times from 2004 to 2006. 'Little Dew' developed from a cross between Phal. 'Timothy Christopher' and Phal. amabilis showed white miniature type flowers and a multiflora shape. It has 3~4 flower stalks and many flowers, and long life span of flowers. This new cultivar was registered for commercialization in 2007 and would be cultured well in greenhouse conditions in Korea.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.339-345
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• 2022

Background Patients that undergo mastectomy for breast cancer with reconstruction may be prone to prolonged opioid use. As risk factors are not well-established, this article sought to better understand the risk factors that may be associated with this. Methods Patients that underwent breast reconstruction between 2010 and 2018 were identified in PearlDiver, a national insurance claims database. Patient demographics and comorbidities were elucidated, and various complications were then identified. Descriptive statistics as well as a multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the association of risk factors and complications. Results Breast reconstruction patients of 24,765 were identified from this database. Obesity, tobacco use, benzodiazepine use, and anticonvulsant use were all associated with prolonged opioid prescriptions greater than 90 days after both alloplastic and autologous reconstruction. Conclusion Prolonged opioid use continues to remain a topic of concern, and particularly in cancer patients that undergo breast reconstruction. Providers should be aware of potential risk factors for this to reduce this chance following breast reconstruction surgery.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.21 no.2 s.24
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• pp.451-453
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• 1988

1. 회신율은 연구 주관기관이나 설문조사 내용, 표본의 성격, 응답자에게 주는 이익의 정도, 독촉 방법에 따라 많은 차이를 보이겠지만 본 사례에서 우편설문에 관한 응답양상을 살펴본 바, 회신율에 있어서는 1차 발송후 총 대상에 대하여 약 15-20% , 미응답 대상에 대한 2차 발송 후 2차 대상의 약 30%, 1, 2차 미응답 대상에 대한 3차 발송후 3차 대상의 약 20%정도의 회신율을 보여 총 회신율에 있어서는 약 54%정도를 보이었다. 이것은 사회과학 연구 조사에서의 회신율 10-25%에 비하여는 상당히 높다고 할 수 있고(김경동, 1986), 질문서 회신율이 50%면 분석의 목적 상 무난하다고 보아야 하고, 60%면 좋은 편이고, 70%가 넘으면 아주 훌륭하다는 Babbie(1973)의 의견에 비추어 볼 때 무응답 대상에 대한 비교연구가 수반되어야 정확한 판단을 내릴 수 있겠지만 본 사례에서의 회신율은 그런대로 만족할 수 있는 수준이라고 생각된다. 2. 미응답 대상에 대한 독촉 발송 시기에 있어서는 미응답 대상에 대하여 최초 발송 2주일 후 정도가 적절할 것으로 판단되며, 3차 발송까지 시행하는 것이 회신율을 높일 수 있는 방법으로 생각된다. 3차 발송 이후에도 응답이 없는 경우 또다시 독촉(4차 이상 발송)하여도 전체 회신율에는 크게 영향을 미치지 않을 것으로 예상된다. Christopher는 정부의 후원을 받는 조사 연구의 경우 회신율이 높다고 보고하였는데 이번 조사연구에서도 관련 부처로부터의 협조 공문이 회신율을 높이는데 기여하였다고 사료된다(Oppenheim, 1966).

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.45-59
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• 2013

In his book Worlds and Individuals: Possible and Otherwise, Takashi Yagisawa Yagisawa argues that his own theory is better than Lewis's theory by showing that his own theory can deal with important objections to modal realism more successfully than Lewis's. In particular, Yagisawa claims that by adopting modal tenses, he can respond to many important objections to modal realism in a uniform way. In this paper, I argue that Lewis can also successfully respond to Peacocke's objection in an exactly parallel way to Yagisawa's by distinguishing existence at the actual world from existence at other possible worlds and that Yagisawa's response to van Inwagen's objection does not succeed. I conclude that Yagisawa fails to show that his own theory is better than Lewis's.