• 제목/요약/키워드: The Christopher

검색결과 272건 처리시간 0.063초

크리스토퍼 알렉산더의 패턴언어 생성규칙에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Rule for Creation of the Pattern Language of Christopher Alexander)

  • 정성욱;김문덕
    • 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.75-82
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    • 2017
  • This study reviews the process of creating the patterns through the Christopher Alexander's books to discover the fundamental rules for creation of the pattern language. The essential ideas of 11 rules describing the characteristics of the pattern language are organized by keyword depending on the characteristics of each rule. Then, this study analyzes which keyword was applied importantly and how it had been developed chronologically in the Alexander's books. As a result, 5 keywords - reflection of cultural difference, reflection of human desires, solving the repeated problem, function suitable for principal purpose, and network structure - are applied to his early books in which the pattern language was theoretically developed, the pattern of traditional society was discovered and the network structure was developed. Another 5 keywords - user participation method, new problem solving, structure preserving transformation, post-mechanization method, and central invariant structure - are applied to the books in his mid-term after completion of the pattern theory which discover new pattern for contemporary society and apply the pattern language to time and space. In his later books which organize the theory of pattern language and suggest the direction for using the pattern language, 5 keywords - wholeness, post-mechanization method, user participation method, new problem solving, and structure preserving transformation - are applied. Users may use the pattern language more precisely if he/she considers the keywords of the early period in searching the patterns of existing environment, the keywords of the intermediate period in searching the patterns of new environment or in regard to time and space, and the keywords of the later period in considering direction of the application of the pattern language.

The Poetics of Overcoming: Christopher Dewdney's Transhumanism and Dionisio D. Martinez's Transnational Cultural Contamination

  • Kim, Youngmin
    • 영어영문학
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    • 제57권6호
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    • pp.1089-1109
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    • 2011
  • In an attempt to demonstrate in context of Nietzsche's "overman" (ubermensch) and Heidegger's "Being-in-the-World" (Dasein) the collective human efforts to overcome humanism in crisis, I will provide the ground for the poetics of overcoming, the ground which are based upon the double movements of transhumanism and transnationalism. For this purpose, I will turn to the theories of two distinctive poets who reveal and disreveal their truths about the subjecthood or the subjectivity in terms of overcoming: Christopher Dewdney for posthuman transhumanity and Dionisio D. Martinez for transnational cultural contamination Transhumanism represented by Christopher Dewdney manifests an interfusion of outside and inside, thereby collapsing the boundary between the mind and the world, and provides a breakthrough from the limitedly defined mind to the transhuman perspective of overcoming by using terminalogy and techniques from science and technology. The emerging transhumanism reflects the growing interdependence between humans and bio technologies, and suggests a potential improvement of human beings. The main argument of transhumanism is that we humans can and should continue to develop in all possible directions, by overcoming our human limitations by shedding the body and having the disembodied consciousness which will liberate our mind. Kwame Anthony Appiah's "cultural contamination" is another form of overcoming as well as a way to otherness, a counter-ideal of cultural purity which sustains authentic culture, reversing the traditional binary opposition between enriching authenticity and threatening hybridization. Dionisio Martinez's poetry sublimates the negative side of Appiah's concept of contamination, by redeeming the value of the Appiah's list of the ideal of contamination such as hybridity, impurity, intermingling, the transformation that comes of new and unexpected combinations of human beings, a bit of this and a bit of that is how newness enters the world. When a poetic subject is doubly exiled and doubly homeless away from his/her native homeland and home of native language, one has no more identification with the authentic culture of both home and away, but rather anticipates a new identity as a transnational subject to cross the bridge beyond cultural authenticity and to enter into the field of cultural contamination.

영화 <아수라>의 영웅 서사 변주 연구 : 크리스토퍼 보글러의 '영웅의 여행' 기준으로 (A Study on the Variation of Heroic Narrative Structure of the Film "Asura : The City of Madness" : With Reference to Christopher Vogler's "The Hero's Journey")

  • 오은영
    • 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.181-190
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    • 2020
  • 2017년에 개봉한 영화 <아수라>는 김성수 감독과 정우성, 황정민, 주지훈, 곽도원, 정만식 배우의 조합만으로도 개봉 전부터 큰 관심을 이끌어냈던 영화이다. 범죄영화 혹은 느와르영화로서의 장르성에 충실했지만 영웅 원형의 캐릭터적 전복성과 영웅 서사 구조의 변주로 인해 평단과 관객의 다양한 해석을 이끌어내며 다층적 이슈를 만들어낸 영화이기도하다. 본 논문은 크리스토퍼 보글러의 '영웅의 여행'에 입각하여 영화 <아수라>의 영웅 서사 구조를 분석하고, 보글러가 말하는 서사 구조의 보편성과 전형성이 본 영화에 어떻게 적용되는지 살펴보고자한다. 이를 통해 영화 <아수라>의 서사구조가 지닌 비전형적 특징을 도출한 후 이러한 변주가 영웅의 서사구조를 어떻게 새롭게 변화시켰는지 그리고 관객의 기대일치는 어떻게 변주되었는지를 살펴보고, 새로운 서사적 대안으로서 어떠한 가능성으로 활용될 수 있는지에 대해 고찰해 보고자 한다.

영양과 염도가 토고숲모기 (Aenes togoi)의 난 및 유충발육에 미치는 영향 (Effects of nutrient and salinity in egg and larval development of Aedes togoi)

  • 이종수;홍한기
    • Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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    • 제33권1호
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    • pp.9-18
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    • 1995
  • 토고숲모기의 산란주기성을 관찰하기 위하여 모기를 흡혈시켜 1마리씩 용기에 사육하면서 매시간 관찰한 바 흡혈 후 한번에 산란을 끝낸 개체는 53.9% 2회에 걸쳐 산란을 끝낸 개체 는 26.9%. 3회에 걸쳐 산란을 끝낸 개체는 19.2%였다 흡혈 후 산란을 2회 이상에 걸쳐 끝낸 개체 중 50%가 산란 간격이 6시간 이내였다. 유충시기 영양상태에 따른 무흡혈 산란율을 관찰한 바 유충 개체 당 먹이량이 0.8 mg군, 1.6 mg군, 2.4 mg군에서 각각 6.9%, 22.5%, 44.4%의 산란율을 보여 영양상태에 따라 차이를 보였다. 염도 사이에서는 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 4.0% 군에서 각각 25.2%, 36.2%, 23.5%, 14.6%의 산란율을 나타내었다. 유충의 발육기간은 $25^{\circ}C$ 에서 숫모기가 10.73일로서 암모기의 11.85일 보다 단축되었다. 발육기간이 가장 빠른 염도는 1.0%로서 숫모기가 9.25일 암모기가 10.44일이었다. $20^{\circ}C$에서는 평균 9.3일 정도 길었다. 유충시기 영양상태에 따른 여포(follicle) 발육조사에서 여포수가 0.8 mg군은 180.7개, 1.6 mg군은 197.5개. 2.4 mg군은 202개였다. 10일째 관찰에서 0.8 mg, 1.6 mg, 2.4 mg의 3개 영양군은 각각 Christopher's stage IIa가 각각 71.0%, 61.9%, 39.9%로 대부분 Christopher's stage IIa였으며 무흡혈 산란개체도 관찰되었다.

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