• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.105-108
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• 2010

In order to determine the effect of the use of limestone sand on chloride ion ingress in mortar, specimens were cast with two different sands: siliceous sand (used as reference) and limestone crushed sand (used for this study). To compare and assess the resistance of this mortar to chloride penetration, two different diffusions tests were employed: slow migration and rapid migration (AASHTO test). In this study, calculation of the effective diffusion coefficient is proposed using a model based on Nernst. Planck equation. The diffusion coefficients from each sample were compared. The results for all tests show that the diffusion coefficients for siliceous sand mortar are larger than those obtained with limestone sand. It appears also that the diffusion coefficient varies as a function of the W/C ratio.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.239-252
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• 2013

Mortar microstructure is considered as a three-phase composite material, which is cement paste, fine aggregate and interfacial transition zone. Interfacial transition zone is the weakest link between the cement paste and fine aggregate, so it has a significant role to determine the properties of cementitious composites. In this study, specimens (w/c = 0.35, 0.45, 0.55) with various volume fractions of fine aggregate ($V_f$ = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) were cast and tested. To predict the equivalent migration coefficient ($M_e$) and migration coefficient of interfacial transition zone ($M_{itz}$), double-inclusion method and Mori-Tanaka theory were used to estimate. There are two stages to estimate and calculate the thickness of interfacial transition zone (h) and migration coefficient of interfacial transition zone ($M_{itz}$). The first stage, the data of experimental chloride ion migration coefficient ($M_s$) was used to calculate the equivalent migration coefficient of fine aggregate with interfacial transition zone ($M_e$) by Mori-Tanaka theory. The second stage, the thickness of interfacial transition zone (h) and migration coefficient of interfacial transition zone ($M_{itz}$) was calculated by Hori and Nemat-Nasser's double inclusion model. Between the theoretical and experimental data a comparison was conducted to investigate the behavior of interfacial transition zone in mortar and the effect of interfacial transition zone on the chloride migration coefficient, the results indicated that the numerical simulations is derived to the $M_{itz}/M_m$ ratio is 2.11~8.28. Additionally, thickness of interfacial transition zone is predicted from $10{\mu}m$, 60 to $80{\mu}m$, 70 to $100{\mu}m$ and 90 to $130{\mu}m$ for SM30, M35, M45 and M55, respectively.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2012

Carbonation is a widespread degradation of concrete and may be coupled with more severe degradations. An experimental investigation was carried out to study the effect of carbonation on chloride ion diffusion of concrete. The characteristic of concrete after carbonation was measured, such as carbonation depth, strength and pore structure. Results indicated that carbonation depth has a good linear relation with square root of carbonate time, and carbonation can improve compressive strength, but lower flexural strength. Results about pore structure of concrete before and after carbonation have shown that carbonation could cause a redistribution of the pore sizes and increase the proportion of small pores. It also can decrease porosities, most probable pore size and average pore diameters. Chloride ion diffusion of concrete after carbonation was studied through natural diffusion method and steady state migration testing method respectively. It is supposed that the chloride ion concentration of carbonation region is higher than that of the sound region because of the separation of fixed salts, and chloride ion diffusion coefficient was increased due to carbonation action evidently.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.787-790
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• 1999

To estimate durability of reinforced concrete structures located in or nearby seawater, many different kinds of accelerated tests for evaluation of chloride ion permeation in concrete were proposed. At present the only standardized test is the ASTM C 1202(RCP test). This test method is used to estimate the concrete's resistivity of the chloride penetration in concrete by using the total charges passed and sometimes used to calculate the chloride diffusion coefficients. However, this test may lead to an erroneous chloride diffusion coefficient. So this test method was compared with the modified Dhir's test and the traditional concentration diffusion test. Experimental results showed that the diffusion coefficients determined the RCP test and the PD Index gave wrongous values, but the diffusion coefficient acquired by considering a migration term was nearly the same to the CD Test.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2004

본 연구는 콘크리트의 시공성 및 역학적 특성을 향상시키기 위하여 사용되는 혼화재료(플라이애쉬, 고로슬래그미분말, 실리카퓸 및 메타카올린)를 해양환경에 노출되는 콘크리트에 적용할 경우, 혼화재료가 콘크리트의 내염성능 향상에 미치는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 비교적 단기간에 평가할 수 있는 전기적 촉진시험방법을 사용하여 혼화재 종류 및 치환율, 물-결합재비, 재령에 따른 염화물 확산계수를 비교$\cdot$평가하였다. 혼화재 종류 및 치환율에 따른 염화물 확산계수 평가결과 물-결합재비 수준에 따라 성능의 차이는 있지만 각 혼화재별로 염화물 침투저항성이 우수한 치환율 수준이 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 염화물확산계수는 물-결합재비 수준에 따른 영향과 더불어 적정의 치환율을 적용한 혼화재의 사용에 의해서도 현저하게 저감시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 시간의 경과와 함께 염화물 확산계수도 감소되는 시간의존적인 특성은 혼화재 종류 및 치환율에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 사료된다. 압축강도와 염화물 확산계수는 반비례의 관계를 보이고 있으며, 본 연구의 범위에서 보면 50MPa 이하영역에서는 염화물 확산계수는 압축강도 발현특성과 더불어 혼화재 사용 및 치환율에 따른 영향도 크게 나타나고 있어, 향후 염해 환경하에서 내구성을 고려한 구조물 설계시 보다 정확한 내구성능 평가를 위해서는 압축강도 발현특성 검토와 더불어 염화물 확산계수의 평가가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.461-471
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• 2015

The permeability is the most direct indicator to reflect the durability of concrete, and the testing methods based on external electric field can be used to evaluate concrete permeability rapidly. This study aims to use an experiment method to accurately predict the permeability of concrete box beam during service. The ion migration experiments and concrete surface resistivity are measured to evaluate permeability of five concrete box beams, and the relations between these results in service concrete and electric flux after 6 hours by ASTM C1202 in the laboratory are analyzed. The chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete, concrete surface resistivity and concrete 6 hours charge have good correlation relationship, which denote that the chloride diffusion coefficient and the surface resistivity of concrete are effective for evaluating the durability of concrete structures. The chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete is directly evaluated permeability of concrete box beam in service and may be used to predict the service life, which is fit to engineering applications and the concrete box beam is non-destructive. The concrete surface resistivity is easier available than the chloride diffusion coefficient, but it is directly not used to calculate the service life. Therefore the mathematical relation of the concrete surface resistivity and the concrete chloride diffusion coefficient need to be found, which the service life of reinforced concrete is obtained by the concrete surface resistivity.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.481-490
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• 2012

염화물 이온은 콘크리트 내부로 유입되어 철근부식을 야기하므로 염화물 침투 평가는 매우 중요하다. 전기영동실험을 통한 촉진확산계수가 현실적으로 많이 쓰이고 있지만, 이는 자유염화물 이온에 대한 전기장 내의 이온속도를 나타낼 뿐이므로 염화물량에 대한 명확한 해를 제공하지 못한다. 겉보기 확산계수는 단순한 Fick의 이론을 배경으로 엔지니어에게 전염화물의 확산을 명확하게 제공할 수가 있다. 이 연구는 인공신경망이론을 이용하여 최적의 확산계수를 도출하고 시간의존성 확산계수를 이용하여 염화물 침투를 평가할 수 있는 기법을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 기존의 연구에서 30개의 배합 및 염소이온 겉보기 염화물 확산계수를 인용하였으며, 배합인자(물결합재비, 단위시멘트량, 슬래그, 플라이애쉬, 실리카퓸, 단위 잔골재 및 굵은 골재)를 뉴런으로 선택하여 확산계수에 대한 학습을 훈련하였다. 또한 시간의존성 확산계수를 고려하여 단순한 Fick 법칙으로 염화물 침투를 평가할 수 있는 기법을 제시하였다. 장기침지실험 및 실태조사 결과를 이용하여 제안된 기법의 결과와 비교를 수행하였으며, 그 적용성을 평가하였다. 이 기법은 다양한 배합 및 관련 확산계수의 입수 및 학습을 통하여 더욱 합리적인 기법으로 발전할 수 있다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2010년도 춘계 학술대회 제22권1호
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• pp.291-292
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 고로슬래그 미분말을 다량 사용한 고강도 콘크리트의 재료적 특성을 조사하기 위해 고로슬래그 미분말을 각각 50%와 70% 사용한 고강도 콘크리트에 대해 압축강도, 단열온도상승, 자기 수축 및 염소이온확산계수를 측정하였다. 실험결과, 슬래그 다량 치환 사용시 수화열 저감 및 염소이온확산계수 감소로 온도균열제어 및 고부식성 환경하 염해 저항성이 향상되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.1188-1194
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 플라이 애시, 고로슬래그 미분말, 실리카흄을 사용하여 4성분계 콘크리트의 염해 저항성능을 평가하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구에서는 압축강도, 탄성계수, 염수침지 시험, 염화물 확산계수 및 침투계수를 실시하였다. 4성분계 콘크리트의 염화물 확산계수와 침투계수는 재령 17주에 $0.032{\times}10^{-12}m^2/sec$와 650 coulomb으로 측정되었다. 또한 침지시험 결과 염화물 이온 침투깊이와 염화물량은 3.7 mm and $10.211kg/m^3$로 측정 되었다. 이러한 결과로부터 플라이 애시, 고로슬래그 미분말, 실리카흄을 사용하여 제조한 4성분계 콘크리트는 염해 저항성능과 역학적 특성이 매우 높을 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집(I)
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• pp.427-432
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• 1999

An electrci method for the rapid determination of chloride diffusion coefficient in concrete is proposed considering the electrical migration term in the Nernst-Plank equation. The experimental set-up for this method is basically that for PD index by Dhir, excluding some change in the experimental parameter values in consideration of reliability, simplicity and rapidity of the accelerated test method. Experimental results show that 30mm of specimen thickness, 10 volt of supplied potential, and 5M of chloride ion concentration are optimal