• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.334-341
• /
• 2011

The kinds of crop requested from agricultural actual places of famers, Agricultural extension services and so forth was 8 including red pepper for vegetables, 4 including apple for fruit trees and 6 including chrysanthemum for flowers in 2010. The important vegetables in clinical diagnosis of viral diseases were tomato, watermelon and red pepper having the requested rate of 31.8%, 21.4% and 19.5%, respectively. On fruit trees, grape and apple were most common with the requested rate of 63.6% and 33.0%, orderly. On floral crops, tulip and cactus were damaged by viral diseases with the requested rate of 60.0% and 20.0%, orderly. On peppers and tomatoes, six viruses including Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Broad bean wilt virus 2 (BBWV2) infected. Five viruses including Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) and CMV were identified from watermelons. On grapes, six viruses including Grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) infected. CMV was identified from six vegetables including pepper out of 8 kinds of vegetables and tulip plant. Total agents of virus and viroid species were 32 and 4 species, respectively, in 2010. Tomato yellow leaf curl disease by Tomato yellow leaf curl virus and Tobacco yellow leaf curl virus was occurred newly at 18 Si/Gun areas including Buan, Jeonbuk province in 2010 and the total areas were increased up to 58 Si/Gun from the first incidence in 2008. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) occurred newly at two areas of Jinan, Jeonbuk and Jeju in Jeju province in 2010, and the incidence areas were expanded to 25 Si/Gun areas from severe occurrence at Anyang area in 2004. No incidence of TSWV was recorded only in Gyeongbuk and Chungbuk province. Tomato bushy stunt virus occurred newly at Jinju, Gyeongnam, and it had the total incidence areas of 5 Si/Gun after first observation at Sacheon, Gyeongnam in 2004.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.41
• /
• pp.387-408
• /
• 2014

South Korea already became an aging society, and is now in the process of becoming an aged society. With increasing elderly population, elderly safety issues such as traffic accidents and elderly suicides are becoming important problems. Elderly victimization are increasing, and elderly safety accident is also becoming an imporotant social problem. The police is doing various activities for elderly safety. The police is conducting programs for the elderly, such as a prevention program for fraud against elderly, and safety checks and traffic safety education for preventing elderly traffic accidents. Also, there's a program of providing regular visits for a lone elderly, expansion of CCTV network and fingerprint registration to prevent elderlies with Alzheimer's disease going missing. However, these programs are not done on a national scale, but rather limited to local police stations. The purpose of this study is to seek police roles for enhancing elderly safety, due to lack of police activity in this area. Recommendation for police roles in enhancing elderly safety is to first conduct routine crackdowns on fraud against elderly and also conduct education programs for preventing fraud. Also, crimes such as elderly abuse is lead by elderly protection agencies, but considering elderly abuse is a crime, the police should take a leading role. Also, to prevent elderly suicide, meticulous management of elderlies with high suicide risk is necessary, and elderly protection areas should be designated to prevent traffic accidents. Also, elderlies should be induced to turn in their driver's license. To conduct these matters of elderly safety, an organization exclusively charged with elderly safety is necessary. Elderly safety is a broad concept, and since police alone cannot handle the task of ensuring elderly safety, the police should take on a leading role in cooperative efforts with various institutions of the government, non-profit organizations and the community to establish a social saftey net for elderly safety.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.150-156
• /
• 2005

The increasing emission of greenhouse gases may change agricultural environment. The agronomic productivity will depend upon change of temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and fertilization. This study was conducted to investigate greenhouse gas emission with irrigation water depth in paddy field. Area of each experiment plot is $70m^2$, Three treatments with three replications were carried out in this experiment, which was laid out as randomized complete block design. The treatments of irrigation water were maximum field water capacity and 4 and 8 cm depth. The application rate of fresh rice straw was $8,000kg\;ha^{-1}$ in combination with chemical fertilizers ($110kg\;N\;ha^{-1}$, $45kg\;P_2O_5\;ha^{-1}$ and $57kg\;K_2O\;ha^{-1}$). The $CH_4$ emission was highest at 32 days after rice transplanting with rice straw treatment. The $CH_4$ emission in the plot of maximum field water capacity was lower compared with 4 and 8 cm of irrigation depth. $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ emission under different water depth in the paddy field were 30 and $1.52kg\;ha^{-1}$ at 8 cm depth, 281 and $1.71kg\;ha^{-1}$ at 4 cm depth, and 219 and $2.01kg\;ha^{-1}$ at water saturated condition. The total emission of greenhouse gases equivalent to $CO_2$ emission with rice straw application were $6,939kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$ at 8 cm depth plot, $6,431kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$ at 4 cm depth plot and $5,222kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$ at water saturated condition. The GWPs without rice straw application were $4,449kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$ at 8 cm depth plot, $3,702kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$ at 4 cm depth plot and $4,579kg\;CO_2\;ha^{-1}$ at water saturated condition.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.50 no.5
• /
• pp.613-620
• /
• 2008

The genetic parameters used in National Hanwoo Genetic Evaluation(NHGE) were needed to be monitored and updated periodically for accounting any possible changes in population parameters due to selection and environmental changes. Genetic parameters were estimated with single and two-trait models with MTDFREML package using 2,791 carcass records of steers collected from Hanwoo Progeny Test Program(HPTP). Single and two-trait models gave similar parameter estimates for all traits. The heritability estimates from single and two-trait models for carcass weight(CW), dressing percentage(DP), eye muscle area(EMA), back fat thickness(BFT) and marbling score(MS) were 0.30, 0.30, 0.37, 0.44 and 0.44, respectively. The heritability estimates for all the traits except BFT were slightly lower than those used in NHGE but seemed to be within the acceptable ranges. However, further monitoring is needed because the data might not have fully reflected the changes such as carcass grading standards in performance testing program. In order to shift statistical model of NHGE from single trait model to multiple-trait model, the genetic correlations between carcass traits were estimated with pairwise two-trait models. The genetic correlation coefficients between CW and DP, between CW and EMA, between CW and BFT and between CW and MS were 0.44, 0.63, 0.17 and 0.06, respectively. Those between DP and EMA, between DP and BFT and between DP and MS were 0.29, 0.40 and 0.20. Those between EMA and BFT and between EMA and MS were －0.24 and 0.15, respectively. The genetic correlation coefficient between BFT and MS was 0.03.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.42 no.6
• /
• pp.599-608
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to examine chemical characteristics and correlations among seepage water, subsurface waters and inland groundwater in and around a coastal underground LPG cavern using factor and cluster analyses. The study area is located in western coast of Incheon metropolitan city and is about 8 km off the coast. The LPG cavern storing propane and butane was built beneath artificially reclaimed island. Mean bathymetry is 8.5 m and maximum sea level change is 10 m. Water sampling was conducted in May and August, 2006 from 22 sampling points. Correlation analysis showed strong correlations among $Fe^{2+}$ and $Mn^{2+}$ (r=0.83~0.99), and Na and Cl (r=0.70~0.97), which indicated reductive dissolution of iron and manganese bearing minerals and seawater ingression effect, respectively. According to factor analysis, Factors 1 (May) and I (August) showed high loadings for parameters representing seawater ingression into the cavern and effect of submarine groundwater discharge, respectively while Factors 2 and IV showed high loadings for those representing oxidation condition (DO and ORP). Factors 4 and II have large positive loadings for $Fe^{2+}$ and $Mn^{2+}$. The increase of $Fe^{2+}$ and $Mn^{2+}$ was related to decomposition of organic matter and subsequent their dissolution under reduced condition. Cluster analysis showed the resulting 6 groups for May and 5 groups for August, which mainly included groups of inland groundwater, cavern seepage water, sea water and subsurface water in the LPG storage cavern. Subsurface water (Group 2 and Group III) around the underground storage cavern showed high EC and major ions contents, which represents the seawater effect. Cavern seepage water (Group 5 and Group II) showed a reduced condition (low DO and negative ORP) and higher levels of $Fe^{2+}$ and $Mn^{2+}$.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.52 no.4
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2010

Seventy two Hanwoo steers in final fattening period ($585.87{\pm}41.02kg$) were randomly assigned to 3 groups, LPLT (relatively low protein and low energy; CP 12%, TDN 73%), LPHT (relatively low protein and high energy; CP 12%, TDN 75%) and HPHT (relatively high protein and high energy; CP 14%, TDN 75%) in concentrate feed for 163 days in order to investigate the effects on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and longissimus dorsi muscle's chemical compositions. Rice straw was also fed as a roughage. Because ADGs were higher in LPLT and HPHT than LPHT, feed efficiencies were improved in LPLT and HPHT group (P<0.05). Feeding concentrates with different CP and TDN levels had affected to improve back fat thickness and rib eye area in HPHT group but had no effect on carcass weight and meat yield index. Carcass weight for LPLT, LPHT and HPHT were $420.75{\pm}30.56$, $417.05{\pm}32.03$ and $418.32{\pm}32.03kg$, respectively. Meat quality grade was improved in HPHT (P<0.001), because the marbling score was highest in HPHT group. Auction prices (carcass/kg) of LPLT, LPHT and HPHT group were 17,904 won, 18,094 won and 18,899 won, respectively. The percentage of animals over grade 1 appeared in LPLT, LPHT and HPHT were 79.2, 72.7 and 90.8%, respectively. The results of chemical analysis of longissimus dorsi muscle showed no difference between groups but crude fat composition tended to be higher in HPHT group (P=0.088) than the other groups. Stearic acid contents in the muscle was significantly increased in HPHT group than LPLT group (P<0.05). Myristoleic acid and oleic acid composition in HPHT group was higher than LPLT and LPHT group. These results supported the hypothesis that supplementation of higher levels of crude protein and energy in concentrates to Hanwoo steers' during final fattening period improved the growth performance and the carcass quality grade.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.55 no.5
• /
• pp.351-358
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to estimate the correlation structure between body size traits, carcass traits, and primal cuts in Hanwoo steers. Hanwoo progeny test data (body weight and body measurements) were collected from 2008 to 2010 from a total of 882 steers at the Hanwoo Improvement Main Center (NACF). Carcass traits considered were cold carcass weight, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, and marbling scores evaluated at the time of carcass grading. Correlation analyses were performed with observed scales of the traits and with residuals considering fixed environmental effects in generalized linear models. The correlation coefficient estimated between loin weight and chest girth was high at 0.74. The shank negatively correlated with pelvic width (-0.23) and hipbone width (-0.27). In addition, rib weight and chest girth was highly correlated (0.80). The correlation between carcass weight and chest girth was 0.86 in observed scale. Residual correlation between these traits was estimated at 0.65. Correlation between carcass weight and loin was 0.87 in the observed scale. Residual correlation was estimated at 0.83. The correlation coefficient estimated between shank weight and brisket and flank weight was negative at -0.69. Chest girth had a high correlation between primal cuts weight and body measurements. Thus, we believe that these results will provide a greater understanding on the relationship of primal cuts and other phenotypes, thus enabling valid production models for Hanwoo steers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.55 no.1
• /
• pp.33-39
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding patterns of concentrates on growth performance, blood parameters and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo cows. Randomly-allocated groups, restricted concentrate feeding (T1), restricted concentrate feeding for 6 months and ad libitum 2 months (T2), restricted concentrate feeding for 4 months and ad libitum 4 months (T3), were contained with 9 animals. According to feeding patterns of concentrate, growth performance was not significantly different among the treatment groups. However, ADG tended to be higher in T2 group (0.75 kg/d) compared to the other groups (T1: 0.62 kg/d, T3: 0.72 kg/d). DMI was not significantly different among the treatment groups, interestingly, rice straw intake was significantly higher in T1 group compared with others (p<0.05). There were significant difference among feed conversion ratio, which are 17.8, 12.8, and 14.1 kg for T1, T2, and T3 (p<0.05), respectively. The serum level of albumin, triglyceride, glucose and GPT were greater in T3 group compared to other groups at fattening 6 to 8 months (p<0.05). The results of yield traits, carcass weight, back fat thickness and rib eye area were not differ among treatment groups, but yield index was significantly greater in T2 group compared to T1 group (p<0.05). The 'A' appearance rate (%) of meat yield grade was highest in T2 group for 78%. The marbling score, meat color, fat color, texture and maturity in quality traits were not differ among the treatment groups. However, marbling score and appearance rate (%) of over 1st meat quality grade were tend to be increased at T3 rather (4.0, 56%) group compared with other groups (T1: 3.4, 56%; T2: 3.6, 33%). Thus, the present study suggested that restricted concentrate feeding (1.6% of BW) for 4 months during early fattening periods and ad libitum feeding for 4 months during late fattening periods are recommendable.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.55 no.1
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to estimate the Genomic Estimated Breeding Value (GEBV) using Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) method in Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) population. The result is expected to adapt genomic selection onto the national Hanwoo evaluation system. Carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BT), and marbling score (MS) were investigated in 552 Hanwoo progeny-tested steers at Livestock Improvement Main Center. Animals were genotyped with Illumina BovineHD BeadChip (777K SNPs). For statistical analysis, Genetic Relationship Matrix (GRM) was formulated on the basis of genotypes and the accuracy of GEBV was estimated with 10-fold Cross-validation method. The accuracies estimated with cross-validation method were between 0.915~0.957. In 534 progeny-tested steers, the maximum difference of GEBV accuracy compared to conventional EBV for CW, EMA, BT, and MS traits were 9.56%, 5.78%, 5.78%, and 4.18% respectively. In 3,674 pedigree traced bulls, maximum increased difference of GEBV for CW, EMA, BT, and MS traits were increased as 13.54%, 6.50%, 6.50%, and 4.31% respectively. This showed that the implementation of genomic pre-selection for candidate calves to test on meat production traits could improve the genetic gain by increasing accuracy and reducing generation interval in Hanwoo genetic evaluation system to select proven bulls.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.46 no.9
• /
• pp.858-864
• /
• 2003

Purpose : There was a outbreak of aseptic meningitis in Busan, 2002. We report the clinical features and causative viruses. Methods : Two hundred seventy six children with aseptic meningitis who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Maryknoll Hospital between January and December, 2002 were included. CSF, stool and throat swab viral cultures were done in 244 of these children. Results : The male to female ratio was 1.4 : 1. Age of patients varied from five months to fourteen years old. Average age was $5.7{\pm}6.2years$ old and mostly between one and four years.(41.3%) Monthly distribution revealed that the number of patients increased from May to July. The main symptoms were fever, headache and vomiting in this order. Respiratory tract infection symptom was associated from June to July and headache and nausea without fever were characteristically observed in children more than 10 years old from November to December. In peripheral blood examination, leukocytosis(WBC>$10,000/mm^3$) showed in 34.8%, ESR was increased in 56.1%, and CRP was positive value in 61%. Therefore differential diagnosis was difficult through peripheral blood examination. CSF findings revealed mean leukocyte count $86.5{\pm}180.2/mm^3$, protein $41.7{\pm}32.9mg/dL$, glucose $56.4{\pm}9.9mg/dL$. Median hospitalized period was $4.7{\pm}7.2days$ and compared with non-tapping group, hospitalized period was shorter and subsidance of symptoms was faster, therefore antibiotics injection period was shorter in the spinal tapping group. Virus was isolated in 31 cases of 244. The causative agents were echovirus 6, echovirus 9, echovirus 25, coxsakie virus B3, B4. Conclusion : There was an epidemics of aseptic meningitis in Busan, 2002; the causative agent was echovirus 6, 9, 25, coxsakie virus B3, B4.