• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2003

Thallium-201 scintigraphy is used to discriminate the malignant bone tumor from the benign by qualitatively and quantitatively, and to predict the response of preoperative chemotherapy in osteosarcoma, by comparing the changes of thallium uptake ratio after chemotherapy to the tumor necrosis ratio. Thallium-201 scintigraphy scan should be done prior to surgical biopsy. PICKER Prism 2000 gamma camera with high resolution parallel hole collimator is usually used for scanning. The patient is injected with 2-3mCi of Tl-201 and the early phase is checked in 30 minutes and delayed phase in 3 hours. The scan images are visually evaluated by a blinded nuclear medicine physician. We could evaluate true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative by the comparison of results with those of biopsy, and calculate positive and negative predictive value(%), sensitivity(%), specificity(%) and diagnostic accuracy(%). For the quantitative analysis of thallium uptake, we drew the region of interest on the tumor side and contralateral normal side as mirror image, and calculated the uptake ratio with dividing the amount of gamma count in tumor side by normal side. We could calculate the percent changes of thallium uptake ratio in early and delayed phase, and compare them to the ratio of tumor necrosis. Thallium-201 scintigraphy proved as useful imaging study to discriminate malignant bone tumor from benign, but had exception in giant cell tumor and low grade malignant bone tumors. We can use T1-201 scan to differentiate the benign from the malignant tumor, and to evaluate the response of preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and to determine the residual tumor or local recurrence. For the better result, we need to have a more detail information about false positive cases and a more objective and quantitative reading technique.

• 대한골관절종양학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2003

목적: 골종양이 의심되는 환자들에게 탈륨 스캔을 시행하여 섭취 정도를 정량적으로 측정하고 비교 분석하여 탈륨 스캔의 악성 골종양 조직에 대한 판별 능력을 규명하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 골종양이 의심되는 82명의 환자에 대하여 조직 생검 전에 다른 영상검사와 함께 전향적으로 탈륨 스캔을 시행하였다. 스캔의 결과는 정성적 판독과 정량적 탈륨 섭취율을 측정하였으며, retention index(delayed/early phase의 탈륨 섭취량)를 구하였다. 결과의 분석을 위하여 고등급 악성 골종양 군, 양성 골종양 군, 거대세포종 군 및 저등급 악성 골종양 군으로 나누고 각 그룹간의 통계적 유의성을 조사하였다. 결과: 탈륨 섭취율의 정량적 측정에서는 고등급 악성 골종양 군에서는 early phase에 평균 4.14, delayed phase에서는 평균 2.26였으며, 양성 골종양 군에서는 각각 1.16과 1.09, 거대세포종 군에서는 3.15와 1.94, 저등급 악성 골종양 군에서는 1.41과 1.31이었다. Retention index는 고등급 악성 골종양 군에서는 평균 0.62, 양성 골종양 군에서는 0.97, 거대세포종 군에서는 0.66, 저등급 악성 골종양 군에서는 0.93이었다. 고등급 악성 골종양 군은 early phase와 delayed phase의 탈륨 섭취율이 거대세포종을 제외한 양성 골종양 군 보다 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.001), retention index는 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.001). 결론: 탈륨 스캔은 악성 골종양과 대부분의 양성 골종양을 구분 할 수 있는 유용한 검사라고 사료되지만, 거대세포종의 경우 악성 골종양 같이, 저등급 악성 골종양의 경우 양성 골종양 같이 나타나는 특성에 유의하여 사용하여야 할 것이다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.210-217
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• 1993

To compare the myocardial viability in patients suffering from total occlusion of the right coronry artery (RCA) with the angiographic collaterals, intracoronary injection of Thallium-201 (T1-201) was done to 14 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients (pts) with total occlusion of RCA and into four normal subjects for control. All 14 CAD pts had Grade 2 or 3 collateral circulations. There were 14 male and 4 females, and their ages ranged from 31 to 70 years. In nine pts, T1-201 was injected into left main coronary artery (LCA) ($300{\sim}350{\mu}Ci$) to evaluate the myocardial viability of RCA territory through collateral circulations. The remaining five pts received T1-201 into RCA ($200{\sim}250{\mu}Ci$) because two had intraarterial bridging collaterals and three had previous successful PTCA. Planar & SPECT myocardial perfusion images were obtained 30 minutes, and four to five hours after T1-201 injection. Intravenous T1-201 reinjection (six pts) or $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ (two pts) were also performed in eight CAD pts. Intracoronary myocardial perfusion images were compared with intravenous T1-201 (IV T1-201) images, ECG, and ventriculography. Intracoronary T1-201 images proved to be superior to that of IV T1-201 due to better myocardial to background uptake ratio and more effective in the detection of viable tissue. We also found that perfusion defects were smaller on intracoronary T1-201 images than those on the IV T1-201. All of the 14 CAD pts had either mostly viable myocardium (seven pts) or large area of T1-201 perfusion (seven pts) in RCA territory, however ventriculographic wall motion and ECG did not correlate well with intracoronary myocardial perfusion images. In conclusion, total RCA occlusion patients with well developed collateral circulation had large area of viable myocardial in the corresponding territory.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.177-185
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• 1991

Dipyridamole thallium imaging is one of the most widely accepted means of evaluating patients with suspected or known coronay artery disease. The results of thallium imaging help diagnose coronary artery disesse (CAD), determine the hemodynamic significance of coronary stenosis, evaluate viability of myocardium, assess the outcome of therapeutic interventions and stratify patients according to their risk for luther cardiac events. An increased lung thallium uptake and transient LV dilation has been reported as poor prognostic indicator and associated with extensive and severe coronary artery disease. We quantitated lung/heart uptake ratio (l/HUR) and transient left ventricular dilation ratio in 44 patients and 17 controls undertaking dipyridamole thallium-201 scintigraphy. The results are as follows: 1) The lung/heart uptake ratio was high in patients with CAD and which became higher according to increasing number of diseased vessel. The L/HUR of patients with low LVEF (<35%) was lower than those with normal LVEF. 2) Transient left ventricular dilation ratio of CAD patients had no close relation between numbers of diseased vessels and was not higher than normals. But transient left ventricular dilation ratio of patients with myocardial infartion was higher than normals. We concluded that lung/heart uptake ratio seems to be sensitive marker for severity of CAD and myocardial function, but transient left ventricular dilation ratio alone is not sufficient to be a marker for severe and extensive CAD.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.346-355
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• 1997

갑상선암은 재발되는 경향이 있으므로 조기에 재발 및 전이를 발견하기 위한 주기적인 경과관찰이 중요하다. T-131 스캔, 혈청 갑상선 글로불린의 측정이 주로 사용되고, T1-201 스캔도 사용되고 있으나 아직 논란이 많으므로 한일 병원에서 분화된 갑상선암 수술후 방사성 옥소치료를 받은 33명의 환자를 대상으로 41증례를 설정하여 각 진단방법의 결과를 비교하였다. I-131 치료적 스캔과 71-201 스캔을 비교한 결과 일치율은 48%(초회치료군 59%, 재치료군 38%) 불과하였다 초회치료군에서는 불일치한 100%(7예) 모두 I-131 치료적 스갠에서 잔여 갑상선조직의 이상 섭취를 보였다. 재 치료군에서는 I-131 치료적 스캔에서 이상섭취가 없이 T1-201 스캔에서만 양성을 보인 6예가 있었고, 이들에서 혈청 갑상선 글로불린이 의의있게 증가된 5예가 있었으나, 모두 반복되는 I-131 치료에도 병소의 소실을 보이지 않았다. I-131 진단적 스캔과 T1-201 스캔의 일치율은 35%(초회치료군 33%, 재치료군 36%)였고, I-131 진단적 스캔에서 발견되지 않은 29%(4예)의 병소를 I-131 치료적 스캔에서 발견할 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 갑상선암 절제술 후 방사성옥소 치료시 I-131 스캔은 잔여 갑상선 조직을 발견하는데 유용하였고, T1-201 스캔은 I-131 스캔에 음성을 보였던 재치료군의 병소를 찾을 수 있었으므로 혈청 갑상선 글로불린 측정과 함께 갑상선암의 추적관찰법으로 유용하였다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.250-258
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• 1998

목적 : ATP는 작용 시간이 빠르고 반감기가 짧은 효과적인 관상동맥 확장제로 알려져 있어 이를 심근관류 SPECT의 부하 약물로 사용 할 때에 부작용의 빈도와 안전성, 그 진단적 가치에 대해 알아 보고자하였다. 대상 및 방법: 관상동맥 질환이 의심되는 319명의 환자를 대상으로 ATP 부하(0.08 mg/kg/ min for 6min) T1-201 심근관류 SPECT를 실시하여 그 부작용을 조사하고 관상동맥 조영술과 비교하였다. 결과: 76.5%의 환자에서 부작용이 발생하였으나 일시적이고 경미하였으며, 모든 환자에서 ATP 주입을 끝낼 수 있었고 aminophylline이 필요했던 환자는 2명이었다. 관상동맥 조영술과 비교한 결과, 예민도 80%, 특이도 90% 였다. 결론: 6분간 0.08mg/kg/min의 ATP 주입 용량을 사용한 본 연구 결과에서 ATP 부하 심근관류 SPECT는 관상동맥 질환의 진단에서 adenosine이나 dipyridamole을 이용했을 때보다 부작용의 발생 빈도 및 부작용의 정도가 낮아 안전하게 사용될 수 있으며 진단 성능도 동등한 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.82-86
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• 2005

In myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, the results of this evalution now confront the practitioner of nuclear medicing with methodologic options. Most nuclear cardiologic studies are performed using thallium-201, Tc-99m sestamibi and Tc-99m tetrofosmin. Some part of these studies use some form of pharmacologic stress test. While tailoring each test to the individual is ideal, this may be impractical for a busy department. Accordingly, established protocols to be used for patients with similar clinical presentations will be helpful. The following review presents methodology of various imaging protocols mainly according to the guidelines of nuclear cardiology procedures in American Society of Nuclear Cardiology.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.179-195
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• 2009

Scince $^{201}$TI was introduced as a myocardial perfusion imaging agent in the early 1970s, scintigraphic evaluation of myocardial perfusion for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease is a valuable noninvasive diagnostic imaging modality. Stress radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging is widely accepted to have high diagnostic and prognostic use in the assessment of patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. With wise use of this nonivasive imaging technique, more patients are referred for stress perfusion imaging. Until now various protocols for stress testing and myocardial imaging were developed and used in worldwide. This article presented various protocols of stress testing and myocardial imaging for clinical use.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.274-279
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• 1992

Clinical role of $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ myocardial scintigraphy in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) is now well accepted, however, the role of it in the identification of viable myocardium in patients with chronic CAD has not yet been clarified. To determine the usefulness of rest-injected $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ scan as a marker of myocardial viability, the regional uptake of this agent at rest was compared with that of $^{201}Tl$ on reinjection and 24 hours after reinjection images. Subject patients were 13 chronic CAD patients who showed irreversible perfusion defect(s) on standard pharmacologic (dipyridamole) stress-redistribution images. Immediately after the redistribution images were obtained, 37 MBq thallium was injected at rest, and images were reacquired at 10 minutes and 24 hours after reinjection. After then 740 MBq $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ was injected, and 1 hour later rest MIBI myocardial imaging was performed. Five sets of imagestress, redistribution, reinjection, delayed images of thallium, and rest image of MIBI) were then analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Left ventricle was arbitrarily divided into 9 segments (apex, basal and apical portions of anterior, septal, inferior, and lateral walls). Seven patients and 30 regions showed a fixed perfusion defect on the stress-redistribution images. Among 30 regions, 15 showed positive uptakes and 6 showed negative uptakes on both $^{201}Tl$ reinjection/delayed images and $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ rest images. Five regions showed only thallium uptake and were regarded as viable clinically. Of four regions which showed only $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ uptake, two were regarded as viable, while the other two were regarded as a nonviable scar tissue clinically. In conclusion, $^{201}Tl$ reinjection technique was more reliable in the identification of viable myocardium. However, the role of $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ in identification of viable myocardium was still remained to be clarified because 2 of 9 regions showed only $^{99m}Tc-MIBI$ uptake and were regarded as viable tissues.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1999

목적: T1-201 경직장 문맥신티그라피에서 심장/간 섭취비(단락지수)는 만성 간질환 환자에서 문맥-체단락을 평가하는 데 유용한 지표로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 만성 활동성 간염과 간경변 환자에서 T1-201 섭취 양상과 초기 간/심장 섭취속도의 유용성을 평가하고, 단락지수와의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 간생검으로 만성 간질환(만성 활동성 간염 35명, 간경화 23명)을 진단받은 58명의 환자에서 T1-201 18.5 MBq를 상부직장에 주입 후 T1-201 경직장 문맥신티그라피를 시행하였다. 간섭취 양상(1형: 균일 분포, 2형: 분절단위 불균일 분포, 3형: 비분절단위 불균일 분포)과 비장, 심장, 신장의 간외 분포양상(grade 0: 방사능 섭취 없음, grade 1: 간보다 적은 방사능 정도, grade 2: 간과 비슷한 방사능 정도, grade 3: 간보다 많은 방사능 정도), 초기 간/심장 섭취속도(처음 10분간의 간/심장 섭취비의 기울기)와 단락지수(심장/간 계수비)를 구하였다. T1-201 섭취 양상과 초기 간/심장 섭취비를 병리진단, 단락지수와 비교하였다. 결과: 간 섭취 양상은 만성 활동성 간염에서 1형과 2형의 간내 방사능 분포 양상이 많았고(만성 활동성 간염: 27/35, 간경변: 8/23), 간경변은 3형이 유의하게 많았다(만성활동성 간염. 8/35, 간경변: 15/23)(p<0.005). 간외분포양상의 grade는 간경변에서 유의하게 높았다(비장: p<0.001, 기타 연 조직 p<0.005). 초기 간/심장섭취속도는 만성 활동성 간염($0.110{\pm}$0.111)이 간경변($0.014{\pm}0.090$)보다 유의하게 높았으며(p<0.001), 간경변의 판정지표로서 0.05를 기준으로 하였을 때 예민도와 특이도는 각각 77.2%, 67.7%였다. 초기간/심장 섭취속도와 단락지수는 음의 상관관계를 보였다(r=-0.3347, p<0.01). 결론: T1-201 경직장 문맥 신티그라피에서 간 및 간외 방사능 분포와 초기 간/심장 섭취속도는 만성 간질환 환자에서 문맥-체단락을 평가하는 데 유용한 지표로 생각된다.