• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.221-227
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• 2018

Nation-building comprises activities related to creating good, smart and courageous people, building a system that supports the nation's people to live together in an orderly way and building a context that facilitates the nation's people and the nation's system to undertake its duties to the fullest capacity, under the agreed ideology. The process of nation-building is complex and there are many components that contribute to the success of nation-building. As the world is developing towards the knowledge society in the present time, ICT is one tool that will help make the process of nation-building, easier, faster and more successful. Therefore, this article aims to analyze how ICT is important to nation-building covering all aspects of economics, politics and society and involving, people, systems and contexts of Thai society, to explain the present ICT situation in Thailand; and to recommend Thailand's innovative strategy on ICT for nation-building.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.287-314
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• 2011

There are many versions of the thai folktale "Pla Boo Thong" in Thailand, which is a typical type of stepmother story and in many ways resembles Cinderella story. This study, the author took 6 versions, some from books, some from internet. The main story of those 6 version is consist of the death of mother, stepmother and step sister, the maltreat of the stepmother to the heroine, tiding over the critical moments with the help of the dead mother and others, getting married with the king and happy of the heroine, death of the heroine by the slander of stepmother, posing as a queen of the stepsister, reincarnation of the dead heroine, meeting with the king again, and punishment and the stepmother and stepsister. The main theme of this narrative is a conflict in the polygamic family and is followed by the pattern of the Cinderella tale such as the distinct contrast of Good and Evil. This tale also teaches teachings of Buddha such as the punitive justice, the promotion of virtue and reproval of vice, and forgiveness. And otherwise it gives the people the courage and hope to overcome fortitude in their life.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1129-1134
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• 2016

Vulva and Vaginal cancers are rare among all gynecological cancers worldwide, including Thailand, and typically affect women in later life. Persistent high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection is one of several important causes of cancer development. In this study, we focused on HPV investigation and specific type distribution from Thai women with abnormality lesions and cancers of the vulva and Vaginal. A total of ninety paraffin-embedded samples of vulva and Vaginal abnormalities and cancer cells with histologically confirmed were collected from Thai women, who were diagnosed in 2003-2012 at the National Cancer Institute, Thailand. HPV DNA was detected and genotyped using polymerase chain reaction and enzyme immunoassay with GP5+/bio 6+ consensus specific primers and digoxigenin-labeled specific oligoprobes, respectively. The human ${\beta}$-globin gene was used as an internal control. Overall results represented that HPV frequency was 16/34 (47.1%) and 8/20 (40.0%) samples of vulva with cancer and abnormal cytology lesions, respectively, while, 3/5 (60%) and 16/33 (51.61%) samples of Vaginal cancer and abnormal cytology lesions, respectively, were HPV DNA positive. Single HPV type and multiple HPV type infection could be observed in both type of cancers and abnormal lesion samples in the different histological categorizes. HPV16 was the most frequent type in all cancers and abnormal cytology lesions, whereas HPV 18 was less frequent and could be detected as co-infection with other high risk HPV types. In addition, low risk types such as HPV 6, 11 and 70 could be detected in Vulva cancer and abnormal cytology lesion samples, whereas, all Vaginal cancer samples exhibited only high risk HPV types; HPV 16 and 31. In conclusion, from our results in this study we suggest that women with persistent high risk HPV type infection are at risk of developing vulva and Vaginal cancers and HPV 16 was observed at the highest frequent both of these, similar to the cervical cancer cases. Although the number of samples in this study was limited and might not represent the overall incidence and prevalence in Thai women, but the baseline data are of interest and suggest further study for primary cancer screening and/or developing the efficiency of prophylactic HPV vaccines in Thailand.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.591-595
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• 2016

The liver is one of the most common sites of cancer in the world, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) predominating. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) is considered as an important potential risk factors for HCC. Different people have diverse responses to HBV infection regarding the likelihood of HCC development, and host factors such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) might account for this. The present study was conducted to evaluate any association between SNP frequencies in two genes, XRCC4 (rs1805377) and ATF6 (rs2070150), and the risk of CHB and HCC development in Thai patients. The study covered 369 subjects including 121 HCC patients, 141 with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) and 107 healthy controls. With TaqMan real-time PCR, the results showed that no significant association between XRCC4 (rs1805377) and ATF6 (rs2070150) and risk of HCC in the Thai population. From this first study of the 2 polymorphisms and HCC in Thailand it can concluded that rs1805377 and rs2070150 polymorphisms may not be applicable as genetic markers in the Thai population for HCC assessment.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.12
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• pp.491-498
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• 2020

Background: Renal size is an important indicator in the diagnosis of renal diseases and urinary tract infections in children. Purpose: The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it aimed to measure the renal length and calculate the renal volume of normal Thai children using 2-dimensional ultrasonography (2D-US) and study their correlations with somatic parameters. Second, it aimed to compare the age-specific renal size of normal Thai children with the published data of their Western and Chinese counterparts. Methods: A total of 321 children (150 boys, 171 girls; age, 6-15 years) with a normal renal profile were prospectively recruited. All subjects underwent 2D-US by an experienced pediatric radiologist and the renal length, width, and depth were measured. Renal volume was calculated using the ellipsoid formula as recommended. The data were compared between the left and right kidneys, the sexes, and various somatic parameters. The age-specific renal lengths were compared using a nomogram derived from a Western cohort that is currently referred by many Thailand hospitals, while the renal volumes were compared with the published data of a Chinese cohort. Results: No statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was found between sexes or the right and left kidneys. The renal sizes had strong correlations with height, weight, body surface area, and age but not with body mass index. The renal length of the Thai children was moderately correlated (r=0.59) with that of the Western cohort, while the age-specific renal volume was significantly smaller (P<0.05) than that of the Chinese children. Conclusion: Therefore, we concluded that the age-specific renal length and volume obtained by 2D-US would vary between children in different regions and may not be suitably used as an international standard for diagnosis, although further studies may be needed to confirm our findings.

• ALGAE
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2022

Genetic diversity and distribution patterns of marine macroalgae are increasingly being documented in Southeast Asia. These studies show that there can be significant levels of genetic diversity and isolation between populations on either side of the Thai-Malay Peninsula. Bostrychia tenellla is a common filamentous red seaweed in the region and the entity is represented by at least two cryptic species. Despite being highly diverse and widespread, genetic variation and population structure of this species complex remains understudied, especially around the Thai-Malay Peninsula. We analyzed genetic diversity and inferred the phylogeographic pattern of specimens identified as B. tenella using the plastid RuBisCo spacer from samples from the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. Our genetic analysis confirmed the occurrence of the two cryptic B. tenella species (B and C) along both coasts. Cryptic species B was more common in the area and displayed higher genetic diversity than species C. Historical demographic analyses indicated a stable population for species B, but more recent population expansion for species C. Our analyses also revealed that both cryptic species from the Andaman Sea possessed higher genetic diversity than those of the Gulf of Thailand. We also detected moderate to high levels of gene flow and weak phylogeographic structure of cryptic species B between the two coasts. In contrast, phylogeographic analysis showed genetic differences between populations of both cryptic species within the Andaman Sea. Overall, these results suggest that cryptic B. tenella species around Thai-Malay Peninsula may have undergone different demography histories, and their patterns of genetic diversity and phylogeography were likely caused by geological history and regional sea surface current circulation in the area.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.173-218
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• 2009

Bring this analysis down to people-centered development perspective and looking through democratization in the Philippines, Thailand and Indonesia, we find similarities and differences among them related with the intensity of conflicts between development and human rights in the process of democratization in line with global transformation. Civil society in the Philippines criticized the developmental path in the Philippines which failed to implement land reform and eradication of poverty under the transition from 'patrimonial oligarchy' to democracy. In Thailand the coalition of military and the royalists had consolidated its power since Sarit military regime, which later paved the way 'hybrid oligarchy' era. Most Thai civil society organizations has regarded their developmental experience rather as 'maldevelopment' which disregarded economic and social rights. It has been especially believed by Thai localists that the stimulation of local markets and the building of autonomic community society will form the alternative economy without going against the conservative banner of nation, religion and king. Thaksin as a populist successfully took advantage of Thai localist ethos in favour of taking the seat of power. He projected himself as a modernizer focused on economic growth and cleaner politics. However Thaksin's procedural legitimacy was overthrown by counterattacking from military-royalist alliance, pretexting that Thaksin caused internal conflicts and lacked morality. Soeharto's New Order regime which can be called 'administrative oligarchy' had an antipathy towards notions of economic and social rights as well as civil and political rights. In spite of the fact that the fall of Soeharto opened the political space for democratic civil society organizations which had long struggled with development aggression and human rights abuses, there have been continuously a strong political and military reaction against human rights activists, NGOs and ethnic minorities such as Aceh and Papua. Nevertheless, Indonesian democracy is more promising than Philippine's and Thai democracy in terms of comparatively less pre-modern legacies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.396-403
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify experiences when Koreans who reside in Thailand visit Thai health facilities. Methods: The data were collected via direct interview from 36 Korean residents of Thailand. Collected data were analyzed by content analysis. Result: 1) 162 content analysis data were collected from the participants' statements. These data were categorized into 70 attributes and 9 higher attributes. 2) Out of the 70 attributes, the 3 attributes which were most commonly mentioned by the participants were the following: medical expense for foreigners were expensive(66.7%), difficulties in communication with health care providers(36.1%), kindness of nurses(33.3%). 3) The 9 higher attributes were 1) high medical expense to foreigner, 2) difficulties in communication, 3) distrust about medical service, 4) excessive prescription in oral medicine, 5) kindness, 6) good service, 7) difference in medical environment according hospital type, 8) irrational process in medical treatment for out patients, 9) cultural difference in postpartum care. Conclusion: When Korean residents in Thailand use Thailand health facilities, they experience high medical expense, difficulties in communication, low quality in medical service and kindness of the medical staff.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.35-43
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• 2023

Purpose: As Thailand seeks to become a regional startup hub, Thai startups have been acquiring growth and scalability in the last ten years. Hence, this paper examines influential factors in Thailand's growth of logistics tech startups. The conceptual framework incorporates sensing user needs, sensing technological options, conceptualizing, scaling, and stretching, co-producing, and orchestrating, business strategy, strategic flexibility, and startup growth. Research design, data, and methodology: The quantitative method was applied to distribute the questionnaire to 500 managers and above in logistics tech startups in Thailand. The sampling techniques involve judgmental, convenience, and snowball samplings. Before the data collection, The Item Objective Congruence (IOC) Index and pilot test (n=45) were employed for content validity and reliability. The data were mainly analyzed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Model (SEM). Results: The findings revealed that sensing technological options, scaling, and stretching, co-producing, and orchestrating, and business strategy significantly influence the growth of startups in Thailand. Nevertheless, sensing user needs, conceptualizing, and strategic flexibility have no significant relationship with startup growth. Conclusions: For Thailand to accelerate its digital economy driven by tech startups, firms must emphasize influential factors to accelerate growth by providing the right tech solutions for people's lives.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.210-210
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• 2022

This study evaluates Japan's Official Development Assistance (ODA) projects in Thailand from 2011 to 2013 by deploying the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation Development (OECD) evaluation criteria. Special attention is placed on disaster-related development assistance activities of Japan through reviewing long-term impacts of the projects. The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has played a crucial role in transferring Japan's experiences on disaster risk management to developing countries, including Thailand. The study highlights two flood risk management projects in Thailand with the support of JICA after the 2011 floods, namely the Project for the Comprehensive Flood Management Plan for the Chao Phraya River Basin and the Project for Flood Countermeasures for Thailand Agriculture Sector. The case studies demonstrate that the projects were efficiently and effectively conducted for meeting Thailand's needs and requirements. JICA provided multi-hazards risk analysis through scientific data as well as local knowledge. However, achievements of the project did not last for long because of a lack of Thai stakeholders' commitment and JICA's post-project management. It is concluded that a development agency should consider impacts and sustainability of flood risk management projects more carefully from the stage of planning, and the practical application of the knowledge, and technologies should also be monitored progressively after the completion of the project.