• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.113-121
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• 2016

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to identify team commitment affecting employees' innovative activities and factors affecting team commitment including empowerment by leaders and job enrichment factors. In other words, so as to explain outcome variables of innovative activities, this study aims to emphasize employees' attachment roles towards their groups within nomological network, and identify the motives encouraging employees' innovative activities. The research purpose is significant due to the realistic situation of hotel industry. The reason why innovative activities are important can be found in recent changes of business environment. Also, unlike other various studies on precedence factors encouraging employees' innovative activities, this study classified those precedence factors into job and leader characteristics, and it emphasized the importance of team commitment as the process that job and leader characteristics are connected to innovative activities. Research design, data and methodology - The survey for this study was conducted during October 6^th ~ November 10^th in 2014 to the employees who are working in 5-star hotels in Korea. As for the selection of hotels and sampling method, convenience sampling method was used to the employees in 5-star hotels. Self-report method was used in the survey, judging that the employees' characteristics would be relatively homogeneous. 311 questionnaires were distributed in total, and 275 reponses were collected. After excluding the missing and unreliable responses, 245 questionnaires were used in the research. SPSS and AMOS programs were used for the analysis. Results - First, empowering leadership had positive effects on hotel employees' team commitment. It indicates that hotel employees are more committed to their team when their leaders set examples, provide information, and involve employees in decision-making process. Second, as a result of the relationship analysis in task diversity, task significance, task identity and team commitment, task diversity and task significance had significant effect on team commitment, while task identity had no significant effect on team commitment. It indicates that team commitment is enhanced when the employees can conduct diverse types of jobs and get more opportunities to talk with the guests. Also, the repetition for the same jobs in hotel rooms and the space for preparing food and beverage do not lead to team commitment, even though the employees fulfill their duties to the end. Third, hotel employees' team commitment has positive effect on their innovative activities. It indicates that employees voluntarily conduct innovative activities when they are attached to their team and identifies themselves with the team. Conclusions - There are theoretical and practical implications in this study. First, in terms of the theoretical perspective, this study proposes structural framework in team commitment, and it identifies the psychological mechanism in team commitment from the aspect of social exchange, which resulted in identification of precedence factors related to team commitment. In addition, this study presents new possibilities for relevant studies about team commitment by examining the effect on team commitment when the importance of innovative activities is emphasized in recent business environment.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.9
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• pp.51-71
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• 2000

The present experiments were designed to study the influence of WalgookwhanhabBojoongikgitang on immune functions of Balb/c mice under stress condition. WalgookwhanhabBojoongikgitang was orally administered to the mice for 15 days. On the 10th day the mice were immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and then subjected to electric footshock for 5 days (2 sessions a day, 11 footshocks a 31 min-session). The immune responses to SRBC were determined by means of hemagglutination and BIT cell populations in the spleen were studied by FACS analysis on the 16th day. The results were as follows. 1. After electric footshock, IDlce became sluggish and crowded to one side of the cage. Increased antibody titer for SRBC, increased B cell population, and decreased T cell population in the spleen were also observed. These results confirm that electric footshock caused stress inducing immunological and behavioral changes in Balblc mice. 2. Walgookwhanhab-Bojoongikgitang administration significantly antagonized the effect of electric footshock on the antibody titer for SRBC. As a result, antibody titers for SRBC in the mice treated with Walgookwhanga-Bojoongikgitang were maintained at the similar levels as those of control group mice even after the electric foots hock. 3. Walgookwhanhab-Bojoongikgitang administration also antagonized the effect of electric footshock on the BIT populations in spleen. As a result, Band T populations in the mice treated with Walgookwhanhab-Bojoongikgitang were maintained at the similar levels as in the control group mice even after the electric footshock. Taken together, Walgookwhanhab-Bojoongikgitang seem to help Balb/c mIce to maintain their humoral immune response and immune cell populations at a normal range under the stress conditions, suggesting its possible therapeutic use as a immune function modulator.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.323-329
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• 2007

We investigated the immunomodulatory actions of water extract from Acanthopanax senticosus in male ICR mice. The mice were treated with fermented milk containing three added doses of freeze dried extract: 3 mg/kg (A), 9 mg/kg (B), and 27 mg/kg (C) of body weight with Acanthopanax senticosus: Codonopsis lanceolata (8:2) for 7 and 10 weeks, respectively. Organ weights, plaque-forming cell tests, agglutination tests, IgG tests, differential white cell counts, and histological tests were performed at the 7th and 10th weeks of dietary treatment. There were no significant differences in body weight and organ weight. The spleen indices of group B at 7 weeks and group C at 10 weeks were significantly higher than those of the control group (p<0.05). For the plaque-forming cell test, groups B and C at 7 weeks, and group C at 10 weeks, showed significant increases over the control group (p<0.05). The agglutination test decreased with an extended experimental period. Groups A, B, and C at 7 weeks, and groups B and C at 10 weeks, had greater antibody responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) than the control group. The IgG antibody production of group C at 7 weeks and groups B and C at 10 weeks were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05). In groups B and C, lymphocyte percentage was higher than the control group, and their spleen and thymus tissues showed active immune reactions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.685-695
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• 2016

This study suggests different improvement practices of adolescents' multicultural acceptability to compare the factors influencing multicultural acceptability with elementary and middle school students. The data used in this study come from the Korean Child and Youth Panel Study(KCYPS) of the National Youth Policy Institute(NYPI) comprising 4,092 responses from 5th grade elementary school students and 4th grade(middle school 2nd grade) of elementary school students. The study data were subjected to hierarchical regression analysis to give the following findings. First, Levels of Multicultural Acceptability were significantly different. Second, factors influencing multicultural acceptability for elementary school students and middle school students were different. Common factors were mother's education level, life's satisfaction, peer relationship, teacher relationship, and spirit of community. Factors for elementary school students's multicultural acceptability were subjective academic achievement, community awareness, experiences of cultural activity, and overseas visiting experiences. The factor for middle school students's multicultural acceptability was family/group travel experiences. Our findings highlight the importance of programs and education that are suitable for children's developmental level. Such peer group programs need to be offered for middle school students to achieve spirit of community and educational group program and various extracurricular activities to achieve community awareness and develop a spirit of community for elementary school students.

• Journal of the International Relations & Interdisciplinary Education
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.81-95
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• 2022

The core of this study is to develop an edutech utilization program to be applied to 5th grade students by utilizing school curriculum time, and the conclusions based on the results of the study are as follows. First, for the development of future educational programs using edutech, a content preference survey was conducted and significant responses were confirmed from 27 teachers and 216 students, excluding missing values. In the future education implementation, UCC (video shooting, editing, etc.) and work activities (3D pen, 3D printer, etc.) were selected based on the need for separate edtech devices. Second, in order to develop a future education program using edutech, the future education class module was set in 4 stages based on previous research. First of all, in Make a foundation, theories by subject are developed, and in Open an activity, future education experience activities using key edutech are developed. In Organize evaluation, individual self-evaluation was conducted, and based on this, customized in-depth supplementary activities were conducted in Act individually. Third, in order for future education programs using edutech to be organized in the regular curriculum, sufficient connectivity with the curriculum must be secured. The basis for systematic and stable research was prepared by analyzing the curriculum of the 5th grade subject of the study and securing hours in connection with creative experiential activities. The data developed through this process were modified and supplemented based on the content validity test. The fact that the program application and verification steps were not performed is a limitation of this study, but it is expected that this program will expand the possibility of future education practice in the school field.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.187-199
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• 2024

Due to the educational ecosystem in South Korea, there is a significant need to explore a new balance for students who pursue sports rehabilitation education based on their academic performance, in order to help them adapt to their majors, find career paths, and foster motivation for employment. There is a lack of related research in this crucial phase. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the impact of sports rehabilitation education on career aspirations and employment motivation through psychological reactions. The research methodology involved conducting an online survey from December 11th to December 28th, 2023, targeting university students undergoing sports rehabilitation education, with a final collection of 212 survey responses used for analysis. The research findings indicate: firstly, that the knowledge of sports rehabilitation educators has a positive influence on voluntary psychology. Secondly, the competence of sports rehabilitation educators has a positive impact on voluntary psychology. Thirdly, the attitude of sports rehabilitation educators negatively affects involuntary psychology. Fourthly, voluntary psychology positively influences career aspirations. Finally, voluntary psychology positively influences employment motivation, while conversely, involuntary psychology negatively affects employment motivation. These research results are expected to contribute to the development of sports rehabilitation education that influences career paths and employment motivation through psychological reactions.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.311-323
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• 2022

Background and Objectives: Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as a treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that affects a large number of people across the world. Treatment of AD using human umbilical cord blood-derived MSCs (hUCB-MSCs) has recently been studied. However, the mechanism underlying their effect needs to be studied continuously. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) secreted by hUCB-MSCs on AD. Methods and Results: To explore the mechanism involved in the therapeutic effect of MSCs for AD, a secretome array was performed using culture medium of hUCB-MSCs. Among the list of genes common for epithelium development and skin diseases, we focused on the function of EGF. To elucidate the effect of EGF secreted by hUCB-MSCs, EGF was downregulated in hUCB-MSCs using EGF-targeting small interfering RNA. These cells were then co-cultured with keratinocytes, Th2 cells, and mast cells. Depletion of EGF disrupted immunomodulatory effects of hUCB-MSCs on these AD-related inflammatory cells. In a Dermatophagoides farinae-induced AD mouse model, subcutaneous injection of hUCB-MSCs ameliorated gross scoring, histopathologic damage, and mast cell infiltration. It also significantly reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), and IL-22, as well as IgE levels. These therapeutic effects were significantly attenuated at all evaluation points in mice injected with EGF-depleted hUCB-MSCs. Conclusions: EGF secreted by hUCB-MSCs can improve AD by regulating inflammatory responses of keratinocytes, Th2 cells, and mast cells.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of lessons adopting portfolio assessment regarding feedback on elementary school student's scientific knowledges, inquiry abilities and their perceptions of it. For this study, two classes of 5th grade elementary school in suburb were selected. As an experimental group, one class was selected to apply the lessons adopting portfolio assessment regarding feedback, and the other class as a control group was selected to apply the lessons adopting portfolio assessment without feedback. The investigator taught and assessed both group students. The results showed a significant difference in scientific knowledge between the experimental group and the control group (p<.05). More detailed analysis of scientific knowledge found that the feedback effect was statistically positive in the memory and the understanding domain, but there was no effect in the application domain. No statistical difference was identified in inquiry abilities. The results of the questionnaire on the perceptions of portfolio assessment showed that students of the experimental group had higher positive responses on the 'perception about the effects of lesson' and on the 'perception in scientific attitudes' than the control group. However, the control group students had higher positive responses on the 'perception about self-evaluate of their own portfolio' and the 'perception about need of feedback' than the experimental group.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 1998

The maintenance of a viable pregnancy has long been viewed as an immunological paradox. The deveolping embryo and trophoblast are immunologically foreign to the maternal immune system due to their maternally inherited genes products and tissue-specific differentiation antigens (Hill & Anderson, 1988). Therefore, speculation has arisen that spontaneous abortion may be caused by impaired maternal immune tolerance to the semiallogenic conceptus (Hill, 1990). Loss of recall antigen has been reported in immunosuppressed transplant recipients and is associated with graft survival (Muluk et al., 1991; Schulik et al., 1994). Progesterone $(10^{-5}M)$ has immunosuppressive capabilities (Szekeres-Bartho et al., 1985). Previous study showed that fertile women, but not women with unexplained recurrent abortion (URA), lose their immune response to recall antigens when pregnant (Bermas & Hill, 1997). Therefore, we hypothesized that immunosuppressive doses of progesterone may affect proliferative response of lymphocytes to trophoblast antigen and alloantigen. Proliferative responses using $^3H$-thymidine ($^3H$-TdR) incorporation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to the irradiated allogeneic periperal blood mononuclear cells as alloantigen, trophoblast extract and Flu as recall antigen, and PHA as mitogen were serially checked in 9 women who had experienced unexplained recurrent miscarriage. Progesterone vaginal suppositories (100mg b.i.d; Utrogestan, Organon) beginning 3 days after ovulation were given to 9 women with unexplained RSA who had prior evidence of Th1 immunity to trophoblast. We checked proliferation responses to conception cycle before and after progesterone supplementation once a week through the first 7 weeks of pregnancy. All patients of alloantigen and PHA had a positive proliferation response that occmed in the baseline phase. But 4 out of 9 patients (44.4%) of trophoblast antigen and Flu antigen had a positive proliferative response. The suppression of proliferation response to each antigen were started after proliferative phase and during pregnancy cycles. Our data demonstrated that since in vivo progesterone treated PBMCs suppressed more T-lymphocyte activation and $^3H$-TdR incorporation compare to PBMCs, which are not influenced by progesterone. This data suggested that it might be influenced by immunosuppressive effect of progesterone. In conclusion, progesterone may play an important immunological role in regulating local immune response in the fetal-placental unit. Furthermore, in the 9 women given progesterone during a conception cycle, Only two (22%) repeat pregnancy losses occured in these 9 women despite loss of antigen responsiveness (one chemical pregnancy loss and one loss at 8 weeks of growth which was karyotyped as a Trisomy 4). These finding suggested that pregnancy loss due to fetal aneuploidy is not associated with immunological phenomena.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.23-30
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the awareness and interest rate of occupational therapy in Korea, and to establish basic data for further development of occupational therapy through the results. Methods : This survey was conducted between October 1th and December 31st 2013 and 308 questionnaires were collected from university student and public. The questionnaires of 308 respondents were analyzed through Cosstabs, Descriptive statistics, Frequency study and t-test, ANOVA analysis using SPSS ver. 18.0. Results : There was a significant difference in the awareness rate of occupational therapy by age and occupation (p<.01). People who were knowledgeable about occupational therapy had a friend or relative related to occupational therapy(33.5%), or were informed through media(37.1%). Positive responses regarding whether responders wanted to find more about occupational therapy were high(53%), and publicity(63.5%) turned out to be the most effective method for advancement. Conclusion : Although there is a lack of public awareness on occupational therapy, high percentage of responders showed positive responses in receiving occupational therapy when they get an injury in the future, and furthermore, learn more about occupational therapy. Based on this result, it is clear that high percentage of people were showing interest to occupational therapy. It could be conjectured that active publicity through internet or media may be effective.