• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.69-78
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 강풍 피해의 절감을 위하여 서까래 파이프 및 파이프 줄기초의 설계 자료를 제공할 목적으로 온실의 지반고정을 위해 일반농가에서 주로 사용되고 있는 서까래 파이프와 내재해형 규격의 단동온실에 주로 사용되는 파이프 줄기초를 대상으로 토성, 다짐도 및 매입깊이에 따른 인발저항력을 실험적으로 검토하였다. 극한인발저항력은 가장 단단한 지반조건인 다짐률 85%, 최대매입깊이 50cm를 기준으로 파이프의 경우는 간척지 흙(실트질 롬) 72.8kgf, 농경지 흙(사질 롬) 60.7kgf, 줄기초의 경우는 간척지 흙 452.7kgf, 농경지 흙 450.3kgf으로 줄기초의 경우 파이프 보다 약 6배 이상 인발저항력이 크게 개선되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 고려한 토성은 모래함량 35%~59%, 실트함량 39%~58%으로 극한인발저항력이 토성에 따라서 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 결과는 온실의 파이프(서까래) 및 줄기초를 설치할 때 적절한 다짐조건을 유지한다면 토성의 영향을 크게 받지 않고 온실의 지반고정에 대한 안정성 확보에 크게 유리하다는 것을 나타낸다. 본 연구의 결과를 기준으로 줄기초는 다짐률 75% 이상, 일반 파이프의 경우에는 다짐률 85%이상으로 유지하는 것이 온실의 안정성 확보에 유리할 것으로 판단되었다. 특히 내재해형 규격인 줄기초를 적용한다면 기상재해에 따른 온실의 안정성 확보에 크게 유리할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 한 장의 이미지에서 학습을 통하여 영역 별 깊이 정보를 추정할 때 사용되는 특징 정보를 유전 알고리즘(Genetic Algorithm)을 기반으로 축소하고 깊이 정보 추정 시간을 단축하는 방법에 대해서 기술 한다. 깊이 정보는 이미지의 에너지 값과 텍스쳐의 기울기 등을 특징으로 생성하여 특징들의 관계를 기반으로 추정 된다. 이 때 사용되는 특징의 차원이 크기 때문에 연산시간이 증가하고 특징의 중요성을 판단하지 않고 사용하여 오히려 성능에 나쁜 영향을 미치기도 한다. 이에 따라 중요성을 판단하여 특징의 차원을 줄일 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법을 미국 스탠포드(Stanford)대학에서 제공하는 벤치마크 데이터로 실험한 결과, 특징의 추출과 깊이 추정 연산 시간이 모든 특징을 사용하는 방법에 비하여 약 60%정도 향상되고 정확도가 평균 0.4%에서 최대 2.5% 향상 되었다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2008

Sediment cores were obtained from Upo and Mokpo in Upo Wetland and core samples were divided by depth into 20 ~ 21 subsamples. The heavy metal concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, AS, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Cr in the sediments of each depth were determined by ICP-MS. The texture of sediemnts from Upo Wetland appeared to be clayey silt with average grain size of $7.52{\sim}11.15{\mu}m$ for physical properties. It was found to have a clear tendency of depth profile with respect to TOC and ignition loss. Organics were stabilized in the range of 0.5 ~ 0.7 % TOC and 8 ~ 9 % ignition loss in 30 years, whereas, the surficial sediments have the highest concentrations of about 3.0 % of TOC and 13 ~ 15 % ignition loss. Those are much higher than the values of the main stream, the Nakdong River, which reflects the deposit of biodegradable organics from plants and other lifes. The vertical distribution of heavy metals in two sediment cores was investigated to elucidate historical trends of heavy metals deposited into Upo wetland. The depth profile concentrations of each heavy metal were compared and discussed with the Concensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. All the Cd data for the vertical distribution in the sediments were detected above PEC value for Cd, which predict harmful effects on sediment-dwelling organisms expected to occur frequently. The concentrations of Zn, Cu, and Cr in all sediment samples for depth profile were detected below the TEC values, which provided a basis predicting the absence of toxicity by Zn, Cu, and Cr.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2016

The distribution of seabed rock in the coastal area is relevant to navigation safety and development of ocean resources where it is an essential hydrographic measurement. Currently, the distribution of seabed rock relies on interpretations of water depth data or point based bottom materials survey methods, which have low efficiency. This study uses the airborne bathymetric Lidar data and the hyperspectral image to detect seabed rock in the coastal area of the East Sea. Airborne bathymetric Lidar data detected seabed rocks with texture information that provided 88% accuracy and 24% commission error. Using the airborne hyperspectral image, a classification result of rock and sand gave 79% accuracy, 11% commission error and 7% omission error. The texture data and hyperspectral image were fused to overcome the limitations of individual data. The classification result using fused data showed an improved result with 96% accuracy, 6% commission error and 1% omission error.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.14-19
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• 2012

The present study conducts experimental investigation on spreading and deposition characteristics of a $4.3{\mu}l$ de-ionized (DI) water droplet impacting upon aluminum (Al 6061) flat and textured surfaces. The micro-textured surface consisted the micro-hole arrays (hole diameter: $125{\mu}m$, hole depth: $125{\mu}m$) fabricated by the conventional micro-computer numerical control (${\mu}$-CNC) milling machine process. We examined the surface effect of texture area fraction ${\varphi}_s$ ranging from 0 to 0.57 and impact velocity of droplet ranging from 0.40 m/s to 1.45 m/s on spreading and deposition characteristics from captured images. We used a high-speed camera to capture sequential images for investigate spreading characteristics and the image sensor to capture image of final equilibrium deposition droplet for analyze spreading diameter and contact angle. We found that the deposition droplet on textured surfaces have different wetting states. When the impact velocity is low, the non-wetting state partially exists, whereas over 0.64 m/s of impact velocity, totally wetting state is more prominent due to the increase kinetic energy of impinging droplet.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.181-186
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• 2023

With the development of VR technology, the visual immersion of VR games has been greatly enhanced nowadays. There has been an issue that has been troubling players in previous VR games, which is motion sickness. Therefore, VR games have been limited in terms of game mechanics, game duration, and game scale, greatly reducing the immersive experience of visual immersion. However, <Half-Life: Alyx> is different from previous VR games in that players can actually perform spatial displacement in the game scene, rather than being fixed in one place for 360-degree observation and interaction. At the same time, compared to traditional games, VR games no longer need to rely on screens, and the complete visual immersion enhances the fun and playability of the game. This research focuses on the VR game <Half-Life: Alyx> to explore its immersive factors in terms of visual perception. Through in-depth analysis of elements such as color, texture mapping, lighting, etc. in VR games, it was found that the game creates a strong sense of visual immersion in these aspects. Through analysis, it is helpful to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to visual immersion in VR games, which has certain reference value for game developers and related professionals.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2016

This study investigated the preference of sensibility expression factors regarding fashion materials, such as the color, pattern and texture of fabric. Moreover, this study analyzed the relationship between the preference of sensibility expression factors and the preference of fashion images by identifying the preference of fashion images. The survey subjects were 312 women ranging in age from 20 to 40 years old. This study utilized a questionnaire as a measurement tool. First, this study performed a factorial analysis on the preference of sensibility expression factors of fashion materials. In regards to color preference, this study considered color depth such as light tone color, moderate tone color, dark tone color and vivid tone color. In regards to pattern preference, this study examined: geometric pattern, floral pattern, animal skins pattern, check pattern and symbolical pattern. In regard to preference of the texture, this study assessed: roughness, luster, flatness and lightness. Second, this study performed a factorial analysis on the preference of fashion images. This study examined five factors: dignity, uniqueness, femininity, activity and simplicity. Third, this study analyzed the effects of the preference of sensibility expression factors of fashion materials on the preference of fashion images. As a result, the color preference was related to the image preference associated with dignity, femininity and simplicity, whereas the pattern preference was related to the images of uniqueness, femininity, activity and simplicity. Moreover, the preference of texture image was related to the images of dignity, uniqueness, femininity and activity.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 1991

동해 심해분지 시추퇴적물 (수심, 1850 m 에서 수평(H), 수직(V) 방향에 대한 음 속(V/SUB p/)과 감쇠계수 (q/SUB p/)가 실내분석방법으로 측정되었다. 채취된 시추퇴 적물이 길이는 약 250 m 이었으며, 측정 음원은 중심주파수 500 m 의 초음파 변환기 (ultrasonic p-wave transducer)가 사용되었다. 1,480~1,500 m/sec 정도의 변화를 보 이는 V/SUB p/의 비동방성 (A/SUB p/)은 $\pm$1.0% 이내로써, 수평 또는 수직 그 어느 쪽 이 빠르다고 판단하기는 어렵다. 이는 시료의 대부분이 균질 (homogeneous) 한 니질퇴 적상이며, 심한 생물교란 (bioturbation)과 함께 높은 공극율(85% 이상)에 따른 다량 의 해수 함유에 기인하는 것으로 판단된다. Q/SUB p/의 분포범위는 5~10 정도이며 전 반적으로 퇴적물 하부로 내려갈수록 감소하는 경향은 탄산염 (CaC0$_3$)과 유기물 함량 의 증가와 함께 silt가 증가하고 clay가 감소하는 퇴적물 입도 (texture)의 변화로 해 석된다. 그러나 화산재(volcanic ash)가 나타나는 최하부층에서는 14.9 의 높은 Q/SUB PH/값도 보이고 있다. V/SUB PH/와 Q/SUB PH/의 역상관관계는 퇴적물 물성변화 뿐만 아니라 높은 함수율로 인한 해수특성(높은 Q/SUB p/, 낮은 V/SUB p/)의 영향도 크게 작용하고 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of profile disturbance with different artificial accumulation history on physico-chemical properties of soil under plastic film house. The investigations included soil profile description using soil column cylinder auger F10cm x h110cm, in situ and laboratory measurements of soil properties at five sites each at the cucumber (Site Ic ~ Vc) and grape (Site Ig ~ Vg) plastic film houses with artificial soil accumulation. The sites except sites Ic, IVc, IVg and Vg, belong to ex-paddy area. The types of accumulates around root zone included sandy loam soil for 3 sites, loam soil for 1 site, saprolite for 2 sites, and multi-layer with different accumulates for 3 sites. Especially, Site IIg has mixed plow zone (Ap horizon) with original soil and saprolite, whereas disturbed soil layers of the other sites are composed of only external accumulates. The soil depth disturbed by artificial accumulation ranged from 20 cm, for Site IIg, to whole measured depth of 110 cm, for Site IVc, Vc, and Site IVg. Elapsed time from artificially accumulation to investigation time ranged from 3 months, Site IIc, to more than 20 years, Site Vg, paddy-soil covering over well-drained upland soil during land leveling in 1980s. Disturbed top layer in all sites except Site Vg had no structure, indicating low structural stability. In situ infiltration rate had no correlation with texture or organic matter content, but highest value with highest variability in Site IIIc, the shortest elapsed time since sandy loam soil accumulation. Relatively low infiltration rate was observed in sites accumulated by saprolite with coarse texture, presumably because its low structural stability in the way of weathering process could result in relatively high compaction in agro-machine work or irrigation. In all cucumber sites, there were water-transport limited zone with very low permeable or impermeability within 50 cm under soil surface, but Site IIg, IIIg, and Vg, with relatively weak disturbance or structured soil, were the reverse. We observed the big change in texture and re-increase of organic matter content, available phosphate, and exchangeable cations between disturbed layer and original soil layer. This study, therefore, suggest that the accumulation of coarse material such as saprolite for cultivating cash crop under plastic film house might not improve soil drainage and structural stability, inversely showing weaker disturbance of original soil profile with higher drainage.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권5_3호
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• pp.649-663
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• 1998

The clarify the ecological properties, and to predict change of understory vegetation of mt. Nam Park, population dynamics and interspecific competition of D. smilacinum and D. viridescens, which grow in understory of deciduous broad-leaved forest and pseudo-annuals, were studied from May 20 to May 30 1998. The depth of litter layer, soil moisture content, soil organic matter and soil texture were surveyed in 18 populations (15 D. smilacinum populations and 3 D. viridescens populations). Mean litter layer of d. smilacimum population was thinner than that of D. viridescens populations). Mean litter layer of D. smilacnum population was thinner than that of D. viridescens population. The contents of soil moisture and organic matter of D. smilacinum population were lower than that of D. viridescens population. The D. smilacinum growed in broad range of soil texture but D. viridescens in loamy soil. Because D. smilacinum could tolerate more broad range of soil moisture and soil texture than D. viridescens, the former covered the herb layer in earlier stage and the latter introduced in later stage when rhizome could grow easily. The numbers of individual in two marginal parts were smaller than that in center in same D. smilacinum patch. And the total numbers of individuals grown in (10 ${\times}$ 10)cm were from 0 to 12. The rhizome (subterranean runner) weight, rhizome length, root weight, shoot weight, lea weight and leaf number per subquadrat (cell) increased along the number of individual, that is, increased from marginal part to center. But rhizome weight and rhizome length per individual were vice versa. Therefore, the individuals in marginal part reproduced longer and stronger asexual propagules than that in center. The distribution pattern of D. smilacinum was contageous and that of D. viridescens was random or regular. Therefore, population growth of former was independent on density and that of latter was dependent on density. The distributions of size-class showed normal curves in two population, but the curves based on data of total dry weight showed positive skewness and those of leaf number showed negative skewness The correlation coefficient (CC) values between the properties of each organ were high in two population and significant at 0.1% level. The CC values of D. viridescens were higher of the two. Therefore, the former allocated the energy to each organ stable. The rhizome depth of d. viridescens was 2 times deeper than that of D. smilacinum. And rhizome length and weight of D. viridescens were longer (2 times) or heavier (4 times) than those of D. smilacinum. The patch size of D. viridescens increased 60 cm per year and that of D. smilacinum 30 cm. On this results, the intrinsic increase velocity of d. viridescens patch was 2 times faster than that of d. smilacinum, therefore, on the competition, the former had an advantage over D. smilacinum. The reason why d. viridescens defeated D. smilacinum resulted from that the leaf area of former was 4 times broader than that of latter. in Mt. Nam Park, it was thought that two disporum Population would change with the 3 thpes of environmental change as followings. First, no human impact and increase of soil moisture content resulted in increase of D. viridescens population. Second, mild human impact and similar condition of soil moisture content resulted in slow increase or no changes of D. smilacinum and d. viridescens population. Third, severe human impact and dry condition resulted in decrease or vanishment of two disporum populations.