• (The) Korean Journal of Educational Psychology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.461-478
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• 2008

This study attempted to test whether or not students' collaborative argumentation and explanation activity while using concept mapping did improve understanding on texts. Total of 52 college students participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions. The experiment lasted for two or three weeks and students were tested on comprehension level of a text material that they have studied over the period. As a result, with two independent factors of explanation and collaboration, there was a significant interaction effect without main effects. That is, individual did better when they did have to explain what they were doing. However, this is not the case when students collaborate. Students in the paired condition, they did better when they do not have to explain what they were doing with concept maps. This study showed efficiency with using computerized software does not always guarantee higher understanding on text materials. Instructional contexts and variables, collaboration and explanation, needs to be considered. Collaborating with others and explaining their own learning processes should be carefully designed when they are combined with concept mapping contexts. How to minimize learning obstacles from discussing ideas with others are a critical issue for future research.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.512-522
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose a hybrid method which is mixed with frame selection and weighting model rank method, based on GMM(gaussian mixture model), for real-time text-independent speaker recognition system. In the system, maximum likelihood estimation was used for GMM parameter optimization, and maximum likelihood was used for recognition basically Proposed hybrid method has two steps. First, likelihood score was calculated with speaker models and test data at frame level, and the difference is calculated between the biggest likelihood value and second. And then, the frame is selected if the difference is bigger than threshold. The second, instead of calculated likelihood, weighting value is used for calculating total score at each selected frame. Cepstrum coefficient and regressive coefficient were used as feature parameters, and the database for test and training consists of several data which are collected at different time, and data for experience are selected randomly In experiments, we applied each method to baseline system, and tested. In speaker recognition experiments, proposed hybrid method has an average of 4% higher recognition accuracy than frame selection method and 1% higher than W method, implying the effectiveness of it.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.674-683
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to compare the ideas of pupils with that of the scientists about controlling and identifying of variables, in the two cases: open or guided inquiry. The subjects were the 7th grade boys and girls in a school, in Seoul, Korea. For the guided inquiry, the problems were given by the experiments of pupils' text. Pupils were asked to identify the variables in the experiments. For the open inquiry, pupils set their own inquiry problem. The pupils whose marks are within upper one-third of three classes were chosen. Pupils' ideas on variables were investigated in the design of experiment for their problems. In that, questionnaire developed by researchers was used. In the former, many of the pupils identify just only one variable despite of the fact there were two independent or dependent variables in the experiments. In the latter, the number of independent variables increased two or three. However, pupils do not control independent variables: they vary two independent variables simultaneously in the design of experiment. From these, we compared the pupils' ideas on variables with the scientists'

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.186-201
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• 2013

This study investigates the effects of information type, direction of information, method of suggestion, tie strength, and interactions among these variables on the acceptance and diffusion of fashion product information in the mobile Facebook environment. Two subsequent studies were conducted to test the relationships among mobile SNS WOM factors. Two independent on-line surveys were implemented. Six hundred forty consumers aged between 20 and 39 were recruited for Study 1, and four hundred and eighty for Study 2. We manipulated the WOM delivery situation by information type (factual/evaluative), information directionality (positive/negative), tie-strength (strong/weak), and information presentation method (text/image/rink). Eight scenarios were developed and randomly assigned to the research participants. Frequency analysis, reliability, factor analysis, regression analysis, and ANOVA were implemented using SPSS 18.0. The Analysis of experiment data produced interesting results. Most WOM factors (including the information type, information presentation method, and tie strength) influence WOM acceptance; however, only the tie strength effected WOM activity. It was also proven that people are prone to accept information that is more realistic, objective, and negative, and they tend to accept information with visual factors, such as images and video clips rather than a simple text message. In this study, we offer a practical perspective to fashion industry and marketers who have an interest in SNS marketing. We have defined the distinct characteristics of mobile WOM that have been formed by a combination of former on/off-line WOM characteristics. To examine the moderating roles of two types of consumer innovativeness, fashion innovativeness and technology innovativeness were also measured and found to have significant moderating effects between mobile SNS WOM factors and their consequences. The paper concludes with a discussion on managerial implications and limitations.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.217-238
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• 2013

We investigated how combining different types of images with written text affects the comprehension of health related information. The types of images were picture, photograph, and X-ray. 47 four year college students were recruited for the experiment. The independent variables in this study included information presentation format, vividness of image, and the degree of awareness for the disease. The dependent variables were recognition and recall for information. The results showed that the information with images in recognition and recall had higher score than information with written text only. In regard to the effect of different kinds of images on comprehension of health information, information with picture had higher score than the information with photograph and X-ray. The vividness of image were found to work as a negative factor on the recognition of information. Finally, the degree of awareness of disease also failed to have any significant effect on subjects' recall and recognition. This research has implications for the contents design of health related website.

• Proceedings of the Korean Printing Society Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.63-77
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• 2001

PDF(Portable Document Format) is a file format that Adobe advances postscritp technique and use in managing document information or electric publishing(internet, CD-ROM, DVD). PDF is a devised document type for being able to read and print anywhere, independent of OS, printer type, resolution, and the kind of computer etc. Because this includes a compressing function, it transfers document through a small size of file in internet or intranet. In addition, that is a file format has various advantages-sharing of information and transfering documents in on line or off line environment. In this paper, we developed electronic document system using PDF format. Electronic document system consists of filter, automatic indexing, special searching system and web server. The information used in this paper is database made using Zwon\`s DocuCom. The filter recognizes various kinds of document structure. And according to property of document, it produces ASCII output. In addition to processing various formats of document, the filter can extract keywords in documents of MS WORD, Excel, Powerpoint, PDF, CAD etc. This filter uses the structure of window printer drive and can extract the information for text, page, font type and size from relevant document. The automatic indexing recognizes the formatted tag of document form ASCII text produced by filter and extracts adequate keyword to structure and property of document. PDF electronic document systems proposed in this paper can be used in Internet, PC communication. Users can choose and read electronic documents by two ways. First, users can choose and read relevant books using PDF electronic document homepage. Second, users can use PDF integrated-search system. User can search after inputing keyword and choose reference field and type of data. But, now, PDF products of Adobe can\`t support the Korean character. If this problem is resolved, we thick that PDF applications system looks active. Although there is limited function in case of using Zwon DocuCom used in this study, we think that there isn\`t a great deal of difficulty in electronic document and building digital database.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2020

Many studies based on I-vector have been conducted in a variety of environments, from text-dependent short-utterance to text-independent long-utterance. In this paper, we propose a speaker verification system employing a combination of I-vector with Probabilistic Linear Discriminant Analysis (PLDA) and speaker embedding of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) with attention mechanism in far-field and noisy environments. The LSTM model's Equal Error Rate (EER) is 15.52 % and the Attention-LSTM model is 8.46 %, improving by 7.06 %. We show that the proposed method solves the problem of the existing extraction process which defines embedding as a heuristic. The EER of the I-vector/PLDA without combining is 6.18 % that shows the best performance. And combined with attention-LSTM based embedding is 2.57 % that is 3.61 % less than the baseline system, and which improves performance by 58.41 %.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.14
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• pp.5607-5609
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• 2014

Introduction: Although continuing education is necessary for practicing nurses, it is very difficult to organize traditional classes because of large numbers of nurses and working shifts. Considering the increasing development of mobile electronic learning, we carried out a study to compare effects of the traditional face to face method with mobile learning delivered as text messages by cell phone. Materials and Methods: Sixty female nurses working in our hospital were randomly divided into class and short message service (SMS) groups. Lessons concerning breast cancer screening were prepared as 54 messages and sent in 17 days for the SMS group, while the class group participated in a class held by a university lecturer of breast and cancer surgery. Pre- and post-tests were undertaken for both groups at the same time; a retention test also was performed one month later. For statistical analysis, the paired T test and the independent sample T test were used with SPSS software version 16; p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: Mean age and mean work experience of participants in class and SMS groups was $35.8{\pm}7.2$, $9.8{\pm}6.7$, $35.4{\pm}7.3$, and $11.5{\pm}8.5$, respectively. There was a significant increase in mean score post-tests (compared with pretests) in both groups (p<0.05). Although a better improvement in scores of retention tests was demonstrated in the SMS group, the mean subtraction value of the post- and pretests as well as retention- and pretests showed no significant difference between the 2 groups (p=0.3 and p =0.2, respectively). Conclusions: Our study shows that teaching via SMS may probably replace traditional face to face teaching for continuing education in working nurses. Larger studies are suggested to confirm this.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.14-20
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• 2003

This paper presents a text extraction method of camera based document image. It is more difficult to recognize camera based document image in comparison with scanner based image because of segmentation problem due to variable lighting condition and versatile fonts. Both document binarization and character extraction are important processes to recognize camera based document image. After converting color image into grey level image, gray level normalization is used to extract character region independent of lighting condition and background image. Local adaptive binarization method is then used to extract character from the background after the removal of noise. In this character extraction step, the information of the horizontal and vertical projection and the connected components is used to extract character line, word region and character region. To evaluate the proposed method, we have experimented with documents mixed Hangul, English, symbols and digits of the ETRI database. An encouraging binarization and character extraction results have been obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.924-929
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• 2007

Captions which appear in images include information that relates to the images. In order to obtain the information carried by captions, the methods for text extraction from images have been developed. However, most existing methods can be applied to captions with fixed height of stroke's width. We propose a method which can be applied to various caption size. Our method is based on connected components. And then the edge pixels are detected and grouped into connected components. We analyze the properties of connected components and build a neural network which discriminates connected components which include captions from ones which do not. Experimental data is collected from broadcast programs such as news, documentaries, and show programs which include various height caption. Experimental result is evaluated by two criteria : recall and precision. Recall is the ratio of the identified captions in all the captions in images and the precision is the ratio of the captions in the objects identified as captions. The experiment shows that the proposed method can efficiently extract captions various in size.