• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2013

Objectives : To assess the test-retest reliability and the intratest repeatability in measuring the cervical range of motion of healthy subjects with wireless microelectromechanical system inertial measurement unit(MEMS-IMU) system and to discuss the feasibility of this system in the clinical setting to evaluate the cervical spine musculoskeletal. Methods : 12 healthy people who were evaluated as no- or mild-disability with neck disability index were participated. Their cervical motion were measured with IMU twice in consecutive two days for the test-retest reliability study. Intratest repeatability was calculated in the two tests separately. The calculated intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC) were discussed and compared with the those of the previous studies. Results : Cervical range of motion data were acquired and statistically processed: left rotation($61.64^{\circ}$), right rotation($65.12^{\circ}$), extension($61.98^{\circ}$), flexion($52.81^{\circ}$), left bending($39.31^{\circ}$), right bending($41.08^{\circ}$). ICCs were 0.77~0.98(intratest repeatability) and 0.74~0.93 (test-retest reliability) in the primary motion. In the coupling motion, intratest repeatability ICCs were 0.93~ 0.99(transverse primary plane), 0.88~0.97(saggital primay plane), and 0.77~0.93(coronal primary plane). Test-retest reliability of coupling motion were 0.90~0.97(transverse primary plane), 0.00~0.72(saggital primary plane), and 0.04~0.76(coronal primary plane). Conclusions : Several types of range-of-motion devices are now on use in many fields including medicine, but the practicality of the devices in clinical use is questionable for the convenient and economical aspects. In this study, we presented the reliability of cervical range of motion test with the developed wireless MEMS-IMU system and discussed its potential utility in clinical use.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.32-43
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• 2021

목적 : 본 연구는 한글판 PDMS-2(Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2)를 뇌성마비 아동과 일반아동을 대상으로 평가하여 구성타당도를 검증하고 뇌성마비 아동 10명을 대상으로 재평가하여 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 구성타당도 검증은 뇌성마비 아동과 일반아동 84명을 대상으로 하였다. 일반아동은 뇌성마비 아동과 연령이 6개월 이내로 비슷하고 성별이 일치하는 아동으로 매칭하여 선별하였고, 한글판 PDMS-2평가를 실시하여 두 집단의 표준점수 비교를 통해 구성타당도 검증을 하였다. 이 후 뇌성마비 아동 중 10명을 선정하여 2주 뒤 재평가를 실시하여 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 알아보았다. 결과 : 구성타당도 검증 결과 대근육, 소근육 영역별 점수와 하위 다섯 항목의 점수가 모두 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타났다(p=.000). 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 Pearson 상관계수 .989로 매우 높은 수준의 시간적 안정성을 나타냈다. 결론 : 본 연구를 통해 한글판 PDMS-2는 아동의 운동 발달 수준을 알아보기에 높은 신뢰도와 타당도를 가진 평가 도구임을 확인하였다. 추후 한글판 PDMS-2는 국내 임상 현장과 연구 도구로 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.323-338
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• 2008

한국어판 측두하악장애 연구진단기준(RDC/TMD) 설문지의 신뢰도를 분석하기 위하여 서울대학교 치과병원 구강내과에 내원한 154명의 턱관절장애 환자들(남자 31명, 여자 123명)에게 한국어판 RDC/TMD 설문지를 작성하게 하였다. 검사-재검사 신뢰도는 동일한 피검자에게 1주 내지 2주 간격으로 같은 설문지를 작성토록 하였다. 설문지의 검사-재검사가 완료되기 전까지는 환자에게 어떠한 치료도 제공되지 않았다. 첫번째 검사로 본 통증강도(pain intensity), 장애점수(disability score), 악기능장애(jaw disability) 및 심리사회적 상태(psychosocial status)의 내적 일관성(internal consistency)의 신뢰도는 크론바흐-알파(Cronbach’s alpha) 계수로 각각 0.92, 0.94, 0.68, 0.94 였다. 검사-재검사 신뢰도의 각 설문항목별 상관계수는 0.40에서 0.94까지의 범위로 나타났으며, 각각의 세부 항목별 등급내 상관계수(intra-class correlation coefficient; ICC)는 0.81에서 0.93의 범위로 나타났다. 만성통증척도(Graded Chronic Pain)의 검사-재검사 신뢰도계수는 0.63이었다. 한국어판 RDC/TMD 설문지는 좋은 신뢰도를 보였으며, 한국인의 측두하악장애 환자들에서 심리사회적측면을 분석하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to estimate the test-retest reliability and the intratest repeatability in measuring the lumbar range of motion of healthy volunteers with wireless microelectromechanical system inertial measurement unit(MEMS-IMU) system and to discuss the feasibility of this system in the clinical setting to evaluate the lumbar spine movement. Methods : 19 healthy male volunteers were participated, who got under 21 points at oswestry disability index(ODI) were adopted. Their lumbar motion were measured with IMU twice in consecutive an hour for the test-retest reliability study. Intratest repeatability was calculated in the two tests separately. The calculated intraclass correlation coefficients(ICC) were discussed and compared with the those of the previous studies. Results : Lumbar range of motion of flexion $41.45^{\circ}$, extension $16.34^{\circ}$, right lateral bending $16.41^{\circ}$ left lateral bending $13.63^{\circ}$ right rotation $-2.47^{\circ}$, left rotation $-0.61^{\circ}$. ICCs were 0.96~1.00(intratest repeatability) and 0.61~0.92(test-retest reliability). Conclusion : This study shows that MEMS-IMU system demonstrates a high test-retest reliability and intratest repeatability by calculated intraclass correlation coefficients. The results of this study represents that wireless inertial sensor measurement system has portable and economical efficiency. By MEMS-IMU system, we can measures lumbar range of motion and analyze lumbar motion effectively.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2017

Purpose : To examine the relative absolute reliability and validity of step test (ST) scores in subjects with chronic stroke. Method : A total of 27 stroke patients, participated in the study. A relative reliability index (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC) was used to examine the level of agreement of inter-rater test-retest reliability for ST score. Absolute reliability indices, including the standard error of measurement(SEM) and the minimal detectable change (MDC), and limits of agreement by Bland and Altman analysis. The validity was demonstrated by spearman correlation of ST score with 10 m Walk Test (10mWT), Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower/Extremity (FMA-L/E)-total score, Berg Balance Scale (BBS)-total score. Result : An excellent inter-rater reliability in ST scores was found (paretic, ICC=0.993~0.996; nonparetic, ICC=0.982~0.991). In addition, excellent test-retest reliability was found (paretic, ICC=0.992; nonparetic, ICC=0.967). It all showed acceptable SEM of the ST score as paretic and nonparetic were 0.22 and 0.46 respectively (average score <10 %), and the MDC of the paretic and nonparetic were 0.61 and 1.27 respectively (possible highest score <20 %). indicating that measures had a small and acceptable measurement error. The ST score of paretic and nonparetic were also found to be significantly associated with 10MWT (r=0.77~0.79), FMA-LE scores (r=0.73~0.81) and BBS scores (r=0.72~0.76). Conclusion : The ST showed highly sufficient Inter-rater test-retest agreement and validity and acceptable measurement errors caused by due to chance variation in measurement. It also can be used by clinicians and researchers to assess the balance and mobility performance and monitor functional change in chronic stroke patients.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1294-1303
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to assess the powerlessness and to measure the powerlessness of elderly. From the result of pre-test, twenty seven items were finally selected to survey the elderly's powerlessness. The questionnaires on the elderly's powerlessness were drafted so that such tool may be evaluated in accordance with the four point Likert Scale. The number of subjects is 1,150 with ages of 60 years or more and who live in a large city, a small and middle-sized city and a rural area. The subjects of the test and retest were 85 elderlies. Collected data were analyzed by utilizing SAS program with Cronbach's $\alpha$ and Pearson's correlation, factor analysis method and known group techniques, descriptive statics, t-test and ANOVA. The results from this study were summarized below:1. When the factor analysis method was applied for validity, the tool for powerlessness of elderly was separated into 5 factors: loss of self-confidence to deal with physical, emotional, social aspects of life; expulsion by others from meaningful human relate; perception that life is meaningless and time passes quickly; falling behind young people; being rejected by other people, having no influence on others. An application of the known group technique showed a significant difference with the result of the degree of elderly's powerlessness tools developed by the two groups, with illness and without. 2. In testing reliability, it was found that coefficient of test-retest was .9435(P<.0001) when the test-retest method was used as a test of stability, and that the alpha coefficient of internal consistency was .9141 over all items within the tool of elderly's powerlessness 3. In powerlessness of elderly, total mean is 2.8493. And in factor of powerlessness, the highest factor is falling behind young people (M=3.1713), the lowest factor is loss of self- confidence to deal with physical, emotional, social aspects of life(M=2.6080). 4. The results from the test for the degree of powerlessness, according to the subject's demographic variables, showed that there were significant differences between age, sex, marital status, educational level, religion, possession of house, job, monthly pocket money, health status, illness and a place of residence.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2013

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical availability of the pendulum test (through reliability and validity) using a NK table attached electrogoniometer for spasticity measurement in patients with brain lesions. METHODS: Thirty-one stroke and traumatic brain injury subjects participated in the study. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to verify the test-retest reliability of spasticity measures of the pendulum test. Pearson's product correlation coefficient was used to examine the validity of the pendulum test through the amplitude of the deep tendon reflex (DTR) test known for objective and quantitative measure of spasticity. RESULTS: In these results, the test-retest reliability was showed significantly high correlation between pendulum tests (ICCs=.95~.97, p<.01). There were significant negative correlations between the amplitude of the DTR test and all measures of spasticity of the pendulum test(r=-.77~-.85, p<.01). CONCLUSION: Thus, it is possible to use the pendulum test using a NK table as an objective measure of spasticity, rather than other expensive equipment, which is more complicated to use. Further studies are needed to explore the therapeutic effects of spasticity using a newly designed pendulum test equipment in this study.

• 아동학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.153-166
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• 2006

Stability of the Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development-II was tested in 305 infants by two measurements of varying intervals over a span of 5-36 months. Stability of K-BSID-II performance was r=.62(p<.01), r=.08(p<.18), r=.69(p<.01), r=.18(p<.01) for mental scale raw scores, mental scale index scores (MDI), psycho-motor scale raw scores and psycho-motor scale index scores(PDI), respectively. Stability was higher for the shorter test-retest interval group. Correlations between raw scores among infants with retest intervals of more than 2 years were stable on both mental and psycho-motor scales. MDI showed higher stability among high-risk infants than normal infants while PDI showed higher stability among normal infants. Testers and researchers should use both raw scores and index scores for better interpretations.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2001

In-shoe measurement systems allow the clinician and researcher to examine the pressure parameters within the shoe. The purpose of this study was to investigate the test-retest reliability of plantar pressures using the Parotec system over speeds and plantar regions. Seventeen healthy subjects were recruited for the study. Sampling rate was 100 Hz, and data of six variables (pressure on medial heel, lateral heel, 1st metatarsal head, 5th metatarsal head, and great toe and total impulse) were collected in four different gait speed (1.0 m/sec, 1.5 m/sec, 2.0 m/sec, and comfortable walking speed) in each day. The result indicates fair to excellent reliability between the two day test. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged from .693 to .979, and range of reliability was similar depending on the speed and plantar region. In most cases, data recorded by the Parotec systems provide good evidence for the reliability.

• 아동학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.3-19
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• 1999

The Revised Classroom Play(RCP) scale was validated for Korean 4th grade students. 104 boys and 80 girls took the translated RCP. Test-retest reliability was established with 41 children after 2 months, and test of criterion-related validation was established by the Social Behavior Scale administered to 71 children. All raw scores were standardized by classroom and sex to adjust for differences in the number of nominators and nominatees. The structure of the RCP resulted in 3 factors, 'sociability-disruptive' and 'shy-isolated', with 28 items similar to the original RCP 3 factors. For criterion-related validity, the correlations between the 3 factors of the RCP and the 3 factors of the Social Behavior Scale were positive. For internal consistencies, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of the RCP factors ranged from .77 to .94. Test-retest reliability coefficients ranged from .33 to .51. Analyses of variance revealed good item discrepancies for all 28 items. These results confirm the RCP as a valid and reliable measure of the quality of peer relations.