• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.32 no.7
• /
• pp.855-861
• /
• 2022

A white-pigmented, non-motile, gram-negative, and rod-shaped bacterium, designated CYS-02^T, was isolated from soil sampled at Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea. Cells were strictly aerobic, grew optimally at 20-28℃ and hydrolyzed Tween 40. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain CYS-02^T formed a lineage within the family Comamonadaceae and clustered as members of the genus Variovorax. The closest members were Variovorax guangxiensis DSM 27352^T (98.6% sequence similarity), Variovorax paradoxus NBRC 15149^T (98.5%), and Variovorax gossypii JM-310^T (98.3%). The principal respiratory quinone was Q-8 and the major polar lipids contain phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylethanolamine (PG), and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). The predominant cellular fatty acids were C_16:0, summed feature 3 (C_16:1ω7c and/or C_16:1ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C_18:1ω7c and/or C_18:1ω6c). The DNA GC content was 67.7 mol%. The ANI and dDDH values between strain CYS-02T and the closest members in the genus Variovorax were ≤ 79.0 and 22.4%, respectively, and the AAI and POCP values between CYS-02^T and the other related species in the family Comamonadaceae were > 70% and > 50%, respectively. The genome of strain CYS-02^T showed a putative terpene biosynthetic cluster responsible for antioxidant activity which was supported by DPPH radical scavenging activity test. Based on genomic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain CYS-02^T was classified into a novel species in the genus Variovorax, for which the name Variovorax terrae sp. nov., has been proposed. The type strain is CYS-02^T (= KACC 22656^T = NBRC 00115645^T).

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
• /
• v.39 no.5
• /
• pp.272-276
• /
• 2022

An 8 month old leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) with a large nodule was referred to our hospital. During the physical examination, the nodule had an unclear boundary from the top of the left eye to the front of the left ear and prevented the opening of the left eye. A hard, cheese-like, yellow, pus-filled nodule was observed. A cytological examination of a pus swab sample revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation with rod-shaped bacteria. Ofloxacin was chosen as the empirical topical antimicrobial drug for treatment. The swab samples were inoculated in trypticase soy agar with 5% sheep blood and incubated at 37℃ for 24 h. Gram-negative bacteria were identified via Gram staining, and the Kirby-Bauer antimicrobial susceptible disk diffusion test against 24 antibiotics according to protocol M100-Ed32 of CLSI showed that the fluoroquinolone group (ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin) was susceptible to the isolated bacteria. Molecular identification based on 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing confirmed that the isolated bacteria had a 99.85% nucleotide similarity with Serratia surfactantfaciens (GenBank accession no. CP014948). After 1 week, the boundaries of the nodule became clear; thus, the abscess was physically removed by expanding the hole formed above the eye for drainage, and flushing was repeated. After another 1 week, new tissue restoration without scarring was observed. This is a rare case report of the successful management of a subcutaneous abscess and scar-free healing in a lizard.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.141.2-142
• /
• 2003

A flexuous rod-shaped virus was isolated from Cucurbita pepo leaves showing green mosaic and puckering symptoms at Anseong, Korea. Based on the biological tests, electron microscopy, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the isolate was identified as Papaya ringspot virus type Watermelon (PRSV-W). In the biological test, host range of PRSV-W was limited in the families Cucurbitaceae and Chenopodiaceae. Most susceptible cucurbit species, such as Cucurmis lanatus, Cucurmis sativus, Cucurbita pepo, and Citrullus lanatus, responded to mechanical inoculation by PRSV-W that induce green mosaic, malformation, puckering, and narrow laminae. The local lesion symptoms were produced on the inoculated leaves of Chenopodium maranticolor and C. quinoa PRSV specific primers which amplifies the part of the coat protein (CP) genes, generated a 648 bp product from 6 isolates of PRSV-W, but no amplification had been detected in other viruses including CMV, CGMMV, KGMMV, ZYMV and WMV. In electron microscopy, PRSV particles were flexuous, approximately 780 nm in length and 12 nm in width. PRSV-W is one of the worldwide viruses which has the great economic importance in cucumber, melon, squash, watermelon, and other cultivated cucurbits with ZYMV and WMV. This is the first report of PRSV-W on cucurbits in Korea.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Pressure Vessels and Piping
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2024

Stainless 630 (or 17-4PH) is a precipitation-hardening martensitic stainless steel that has excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. These characteristics make the STS630 to be used as a consisting material for various components such as spider, pin, spring, and spring retainer, of the control rod drive mechanism (CRDM) in pressurized water reactors (PWRs). In general, it is well known that the oxide layer of stainless steel consists of a duplex layer, a compact inner layer of FeCr₂O₄ spinel, and a coarse-grained outer layer of Fe₃O₄ spinel in PWR primary coolant condition. However, the characteristics of the oxide layer can be sensitively influenced by various water chemistry conditions such as temperature, dissolved oxygen, dissolved hydrogen, pH, pH adjuster type, and exposure time. In this work, we investigate the corrosion properties of the STS630 as a function of coolant temperature in an NH3 alkaline solution for its boron-free application in a small modular reactor, to confirm the feasibility for usage as a boron-free SMR structural material. As a result, oxide layer of corroded STS630 is consist of double-layer oxides consisting of a Cr-rich dense inner oxide and a Fe-rich polyhedral outer particles like as that in commercial PWR primary coolant. The corrosion rate of STS630 increases with increase in test time and temperature and the corrosion rate-time model equation was developed based on experimental data. Overall, it is expected that the results in this study provides useful data for the corrosion behavior of STS630 in alkaline environments, contributing to the development of selecting suitable materials for SMRs.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.177-183
• /
• 2008

It was reported that esthetic composite resin restoration reinforces the strength of remaining tooth structure with preserving the natural tooth structure. However, it is unknown how much the strength would be recovered. The purpose of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of three types of undermined cavity filled with composite resin with that of non-cavitated natural tooth. Forty sound upper molars were allocated randomly into four groups of 10 teeth. After flattening occlusal enamel. undermined cavities were prepared in thirty teeth to make three types of specimens with various thickness of occlusal structure (Group $1{\sim}3$). All the cavity have the 5 mm width mesio-distally and 7 mm depth bucco-lingually. Another natural 10 teeth (Group 4) were used as a control group. Teeth in group 1 have remaining occlusal structure about 1 mm thickness, which was composed of mainly enamel and small amount of dentin. In Group 2, remained thickness was about 1.5 mm, including 0.5 mm thickness dentin. In Group 3, thickness was about 2.0 mm, including 1 mm thickness dentin. Every effort was made to keep the remaining dentin thickness about 0.5 mm from the pulp space in cavitated groups. All the thickness was evaluated with radiographic Length Analyzer program. After acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid, one-bottle adhesive (Single $Bond^{TM}$, 3M/ESPE, USA) was applied following the manufacturer's recommendation and cavities were incrementally filled with hybrid composite resin (Filtek $Z-250^{TM}$, 3M/ESPE, USA). Teeth were stored in distilled water for one day at room temperature, after then, they were finished and polished with Sof-Lex system. All specimens were embedded in acrylic resin and static load was applied to the specimens with a 3 mm diameter stainless steel rod in an Universal testing machine and cross-head speed was 1 mm/min. Maximum load in case of fracture was recorded for each specimen. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey test at the 95% confidence level. The results were as follows: 1. Fracture resistance of the undermined cavity filled with composite resin was about 75% of the natural tooth. 2. No significant difference on fracture loads of composite resin restoration was found among the three types of cavitated groups. Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded the fracture resistance of the undermined cavity filled with composite resin was lower than that of natural teeth, however remaining tooth structure may be supported and saved by the reinforcement with adhesive restoration, even of that portion consists of mainly enamel and a little dentin structure.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.177-183
• /
• 2008

It was reported that esthetic composite resin restoration reinforces the strength of remaining tooth structure with preserving the natural tooth structure. However, it is unknown how much the strength would be recovered. The purpose of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of three types of undermined cavity filled with composite resin with that of non-cavitated natural tooth. Forty sound upper molars were allocated randomly into four groups of 10 teeth. After flattening occlusal enamel, undermined cavities were prepared in thirty teeth to make three types of specimens with various thickness of occlusal structure (Group $1{\sim}3$). All the cavity have the 5 mm width mesiodistally and 7 mm depth bucco-lingually. Another natural 10 teeth (Group 4) were used as a control group. Teeth in group 1 have remaining occlusal structure about 1 mm thickness, which was composed of mainly enamel and small amount of dentin. In Group 2, remained thickness was about 1.5 mm, including 0.5 mm thickness dentin. In Group 3, thickness was about 2.0 mm, including 1 mm thickness dentin. Every effort was made to keep the remaining dentin thickness about 0.5 mm from the pulp space in cavitated groups. All the thickness was evaluated with radiographic Length Analyzer program. After acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid, one-bottle adhesive (Single $Bond^{TM}$, 3M/ESPE, USA) was applied following the manufacturer's recommendation and cavities were incrementally filled with hybrid composite resin (Filtek $Z-250^{TM}$, 3M/ESPE, USA). Teeth were stored in distilled water for one day at room temperature, after then, they were finished and polished with Sof-Lex system. All specimens were embedded in acrylic resin and static load was applied to the specimens with a 3 mm diameter stainless steel rod in an Universal testing machine and cross-head speed was 1 mm/min. Maximum load in case of fracture was recorded for each specimen. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey test at the 95% confidence level. The results were as follows: 1. Fracture resistance of the undermined cavity filled with composite resin was about 75% of the natural tooth. 2. No significant difference in fracture loads of composite resin restoration was found among the three types of cavitated groups. Within the limits of this study, it can be concluded the fracture resistance of the undermined cavity filled with composite resin was lower than that of natural teeth, however remaining tooth structure may be supported and saved by the reinforcement with adhesive restoration, even if that portion consists of mainly enamel and a little dentin structure.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.2359-2368
• /
• 2013

Cone penetration tests (CPTs) have been increasingly used for site characterizations. However, the site investigations using CPTs are often limited due to soil conditions depending on the cone size and capacity of the CPT system. The small sectional area of a miniature cone improves the applicability of the CPT system due to the increased capacity of the CPT system. A continuous intrusion system using a coiled rod allows fast and cost effective site investigation. In this study, the performance of the continuous intrusion miniature cone penetration test (CIMCPT) system has been evaluated by comparison tests with the standard CPT system at several construction sites in Korea. The results show that the CIMCPT system has a same performance with the CPT system and has advantages on the mobility and applicability. According to field verification tests for scale effect evaluation, the cone tip resistance evaluated by CIMCPT overestimates by 10% comparing to standard CPTs. A crawler mounted with the CIMCPT system has been implemented to improve accessibility to soft ground, and has shown improvement over the truck type CIMCPT system. Therefore, the improved CIMCPT system can be utilized as a cost effective and highly reliable soil investigation methodology to detect the depth of soft ground and to evaluate soil classification.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.619-632
• /
• 2000

This clinical study was designed to determine the clinical and microbiological outcomes and safety of using minocycline loaded polycaprolactone strip for pericoronitis patients. 64 patients showing symptoms and signs of pericoronitis were enrolled according to the inclusion criteria in this double blind study. They were randomly assigned to two groups. 32 patients comprised control group and they received only polycaprolactone films in pericoronal spaces, and another 32 patients comprised experimental group and they received polycaprolactone films loaded with 30% minocycline. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants before beginning the study. At the initial visit, gingival index(GI), papillary bleeding index(PBI), amount of gingival crevicular fluid(GCF) were recorded, and microbiological sampling was done. Then, loaded or unloaded polycaprolactone film was inserted into the pericoronal spaces. No drug was prescribed excepting this film. After one week, clinical and microbiological exam was repeated. Presence of any side effects or inconveniences were checked. Chi-square test and t-test was performed to compare outcomes. At baseline, there were no significant differences in all the criteria between experimental group and control group. Experimental group showed significant improvement compared with control group both in GI(p<0.01) and PBI(p<0.01). The amount of GCF of the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with the control group(p<0.01) and baseline(p<0.01). In microbiological study, percentage of motile rod was prominently decreased in the experimental group. Also, aerobic(p<0.001), anaerobic(p<0.001) and black pigmented(p<0.01) bacteria were significantly decreased from the baseline. Furthermore, no side effects or inconveniences was reported in the experimental group. From this study, it was concluded that insertion of polycaprolactone film with 30% minocycline into the pericoronal spaces would be effective and safe treatment for pericoronitis.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.466-473
• /
• 2001

A bacterium was isolated from soils in Suwon, Korea for the purpose of H$_2$S removal using a biofilter system. The isolate was gram-negative, rod-shaped, catalase-positive, motile, and the isolated bacterium showed a positve in utilizing energy sources including citrate, mannitol, sucrose, fructors, and trehalsoe. Based on its biochemical characteristics it was identified as Burkholderia(Pseudomonas) cepacia. The growth rate of the bacterium in thiosulfate medium with yeast extract was 0.15 hr$\^$-1/ and generation time was 4.6 hr. The cell productivity was 8.05 mg/L$.$h and the isolate grew logarithmically up to 12 hr. The maximum rate of sulfur oxidation was 0.18 g-S/L$.$h. The optimum pH and temperature for the growth of the bacterium were 7.0 and 30$\^{C}$, respectively. The pH range for the growth of B. cepacia was 5.0-8.0. The oxidation rate of thiosulfate was lowered by a substrate thiosulfate when the concentration was higher than 0.12 M. both growth rate and sulfur oxidation rate of Burkholderia(Pseudomonas) cepacia was enhanced about 1.5 times with the addition of 0.2% yeast extract. The removal of hydrogen sulfide was investigated by immobilized B. cepacia with Ca-alginate. The maximum rate removal for H$_2$S was 6.25 g$.$㎤ $.$h$\^$-1/ when 12 L/h of flow rate was supplied. From this study suggest the immobilized B. cepacia could have a potential for H$_2$S removal.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.41-56
• /
• 1995

The present study was conducted to investigate results of B. anthracis isolated from Anthrax in the Kyong-Ju of Feb. 12. 1994. 1. In biochemical feature, B. anthracis was a gram-positive rod, non-motility, sporulation, capsulation. It was positive in gelatinase, starch hydrolysis, glucose. But negative in urease, arabinose, mannitol, xylose. 2. B. anthracis grew well on B4 Br A TSA after incubation for 24 hours. The organisim grew well on BA, Br. A, NA, TSA after incubation for 72 hours. The media grew well on Br A instead of BA. 3. On 5% blood agar by laboratory animal, ${\beta}$ -hemolysis was produced from 36 hours to 48 hours incubation. There was perfect ${\beta}$-hemolysis after incubation for 48 hours. On the other side ${\beta}$-hemolysis was begun on 5% goat blood agar after incubation for 60 hours. 4. In the test of antimicrobial susceptibility, B. anthracis was very sensitive to AM, CF, TE, ENR, GM, AN, DFX, S, P, TYLO, N, KM, C, E, Lins＋Sp, NN, CC, CFP, CB were sensitive one by one. B. anthracis was no-sensitive to L, XNL, TIA, CL, SXT 5. B. anthracis had never sensitivity to direct inoculation of rat and chicken, after subcutanous inj. It was very sensitive to mouse and goat, hamster, guinea pig, rabbit had a sensibility one by one. 6. The dead laboratory animal which had been inoculated with B. anthracis preserved at $37^{\circ}C$ incubation, B. anthracis didn't cultivate on non-dissected animal after 80 hours but cultivate on dissected animal after 360 hours. 7. The rapidly death could cause high concentration, died from 420 after S. C. 8. The blood smeared samples of hamster from inoculation with B. anthracis, spore germinated In 37$^{\circ}C$ after 5 hours, in $32^{\circ}C$ after 6 hours, in room temperature after 9 hours, in $-4^{\circ}C$ to $-20^{\circ}C$ after 10 hours. 9. B, anthracis inoculated to laboratory animal after SC or PO. Mice and rats feces didn't cultivated with B. anthracis after SC, but did cultivated with B. anthracis after PO. 10. In the test of disinfectant, B. anthracis was high effective to $HgC1_2$, formalin, effect phenol, cresol, but non-effect NaOH, ethanol.