• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제20권3호spc1호
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• pp.51-76
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• 1990

It is sometimes said lately that the pH of the human gastric juice is significantly different among individuals. Thus, the dissolution behavior of coated solid dosage forms should preferably be independent of the pH of the test solution. With these points as a background, the effect of pH on the dissolution velocity of coated tablets was studied to compare that of Pharmacoat with other gastric soluble film coating materials. Three viscosity types of Pharmacoat have been available(3, 6 and 15cP) until now. the 6cP type has been considered to be the most suitable for a tablet coating amongst the three types. The 3 cP type with a low degree of polymerization, is capable of providing high concentration, but the film strength is so inferior that sometimes cracking of the film may occur. On the other hand, in the case of the 15cP type, high polymer concentration cannot be achieved because of the high dgree of polymerization, and thus it is uneconomical for coating. Now, there is a strong demand to reduce the coating time even when HPMC is used in the 6cP type in order to reduce the coating cost. In order to improve this problem, we have concentrated our attention on reducing the viscosity value of HPMC to an allowable lower limit from 6cP. As a result of this study, it was found that the reduction of the viscosity value to around 4.5cP enabled the use of a higher solution concentration and an incidental shorter coating time without giving any substantial adverse effects on the properties of coated preparations. These experiment results are presented in the later part of this presentation. Based on this study, we have added the viscosity type of 4.5cP as one of the Pharmacoat products as Pharmacoat-645.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.1195-1211
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• 2016

The emerging video coding standard High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) has shown almost 40% bit-rate reduction over the state-of-the-art Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard but at about 40% computational complexity overhead. The main reason for HEVC computational complexity is the inter prediction that accounts for 60%-70% of the whole encoding time. In this paper, we propose several fast coding unit (CU) encoding schemes based on the Merge mode and motion estimation information to reduce the computational complexity caused by the HEVC inter prediction. Firstly, an early Merge mode decision method based on motion estimation (EMD) is proposed for each CU size. Then, a Merge mode based early termination method (MET) is developed to determine the CU size at an early stage. To provide a better balance between computational complexity and coding efficiency, several fast CU encoding schemes are surveyed according to the rate-distortion-complexity characteristics of EMD and MET methods as a function of CU sizes. These fast CU encoding schemes can be seamlessly incorporated in the existing control structures of the HEVC encoder without limiting its potential parallelization and hardware acceleration. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed schemes achieve 19%-46% computational complexity reduction over the HEVC test model reference software, HM 16.4, at a cost of 0.2%-2.4% bit-rate increases under the random access coding configuration. The respective values under the low-delay B coding configuration are 17%-43% and 0.1%-1.2%.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.383-390
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• 2013

유도탄의 사출성능 중 탄에 충격으로 작용하는 최대가속도의 감소는 유도탄의 비정상작동 방지와 내부 부품들의 크기 및 비용 감소 측면에서 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 사출용 가스발생기의 작동에 의해 탄에 가해지는 최대가속도가 사출초기에 발생됨을 착안하여 사출초기에 영향을 미치는 설계인자를 조사하였다. 가스발생기 설계인자로 점화기 및 노즐마개를 선정하고, 설계인자 변경을 통해 가스발생기에 의해 발생되는 최대가속도를 실험적으로 조사하였다. 최종적으로 최대가속도 감소효과를 정량적으로 비교하기 위해 가스발생기 지상연소시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 설계인자의 최적값들이 적용된 개선모델의 경우 기준모델에 비해 최대가속도를 약 68% 줄일 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.102-109
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• 2014

HEVC의 화면내 예측 부호화는 예측 모드를 기존 H.264/AVC에 비해서 최대 35개까지 확장함으로써 향상된 부호화 효율을 갖는다. 반면 화면내 부호화의 복잡도 또한 크게 증가하여 복잡도 감소를 위한 고속 부호화 기법이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 HEVC의 참조모델인 HM에 화면내 고속 부호화를 위하여 채택된 RMD(Rough Mode Decision)에 추가적으로 복잡도 감소를 위하여 고속 화면내 예측 모드 결정 기법을 제시한다. 본 기법은 후보 모드를 결정하기 위한 RMD 과정에서의 탐색 모드 수와 선택된 후보 모드로부터 최종 모드를 결정하기 위한 탐색 모드 수를 제한하는 방법을 결합하여 모드 결정을 위한 복잡도를 감소한다. 본 제안 기법은 실험결과 HM 12.0에서 다양한 테스트시퀀스에서 HM 대비 1.0%의 비트 증가로 13.2%의 복잡도를 감소시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2018

In a previous study, the feasibility of four materials (bentonite, steelmaking slag, lime and organic compost) to induce soil aggregate formation was assessed and the mixtures of organic compost and lime were chosen as most effective amendments in terms of cost benefit. This work is a subsequent study to evaluate the effectiveness of those amendments in reducing soil loss in $15^{\circ}$ sloped agricultural area by using rainfall simulation test. Three different soils were treated with two conditions of organic compost/lime mixtures (2% + 2%, 3% + 1%, w/w). In the amended soils, soil fertility was increased due to the increase of CEC, T-N, and T-P. During the rainfall simulation, suspended solid in run-off water from amended soil were reduced by 43% ~ 78%. When the content of organic compost was higher than that of lime, reduction of soil loss was also increased by 67% ~ 78%. Sediment discharge was also decreased by 72% ~ 96% in the amended soil. Similar to the suspended solid analysis, higher organic compost content led to more reduction of soil discharging, which implies organic compost is more effective than lime in reducing soil loss. The overall result suggests that the mixtures of organic compost and lime could be used as amendment materials to reduce soil loss in sloped farmland.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2019

Microbial wound infection prolonged the hospitalization and increase the cost for wound management. Silver is commonly used as antimicrobial wound dressing. However, it causes several adverse side effects. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficiency of Swietenia macrophylla seed extract on clinical wound pathogens. Besides, the bioactive constituents of the seed extract were also determined. S. macrophylla seeds were extracted with methanol by maceration method. The seed extract inhibited 5 test bacteria and 1 yeast on disc diffusion assay. The antibacterial activity was broad spectrum, as the extract inhibited both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. On kill curve analysis, the antibacterial activity of the seed extract was concentration-dependent, the increase of extract concentration resulted in more reduction of bacterial growth. The extract also caused 99.9% growth reduction of Bacillus subtilis relative to control. A total of 21 compounds were detected in gas chromatography- mass spectrometry analysis. The predominant compounds present in the extract were oleic acid (18.56%) and linoleic acid (17.72%). In conclusion, the methanolic extract of S. macrophylla seeds exhibited significant antimicrobial activity on clinical wound pathogens. Further investigations should be conducted to purify other bioactive compounds from the seeds of S. macrophylla.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2021

장신구 산업은 인건비의 비중이 높고 노동자의 역량에 따라 제품의 제작 작업 시간 및 품질의 편차가 심하다. 이에 산업계의 수요에 맞추어 귀걸이 제품을 위한 실리콘 몰드 표면 지름 0.75mm 홀에 이어핀을 삽입하는 공정을 자동화하기 위하여 삽입 자동화 시스템이 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 실리콘 몰드에 대한 이어핀 삽입 공정 자동화를 위하여 산업용 카메라를 이용한 이진화 및 템플릿 매칭 기법 기반의 이어핀 삽입 위치 검출 방법을 기술한다. 제안하는 방법은 입력 영상을 이진화와 템플릿 매칭을 이용하여 홀의 위치와 개수를 판단할 수 있다. 성능 시험을 통하여, 적용한 방법은 98.5%의 정확도와 Otsu 방법에 비해 0.5초 빠른 처리속도를 가지는 것을 보였다. 비전 기반 이어핀 삽입 자동화 시스템을 통해 원가 절감 및 작업 시간 절감과 생산성 향상에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2016

Joining Al/Fe dissimilar metals is becoming a subject of special interest in the assembly of automotive parts as a trade-off between the weight lightening and the cost reduction. Although various studies have been introduced to join Al alloy with the steel sheet by fusion welding, weak joint strength and galvanic corrosion still remained as problems to be solved. As a solid state welding, friction stir welding has been preferred to fusion welding processes in the dissimilar metal joints. This study investigated friction stir spot welding (FSSW) of Al alloy to the thin steel sheet with a thickness of 0.65 mm. The conventional FSSW is a stationary spot welding process but new approach adopted an additional circumferential movement in company with high speed tool rotation. A full factorial experimental design was implemented, and the main and interaction effects of parameters were analysed on the failure load in the tensile shear test. The direction and radius of rotation were statistically significant parameters and these two parameters affected the joint width and the shape of the hook.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.429-438
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop key performance indicators (KPIs) for home care nursing (HCN) based on a balanced scorecard, and to construct a performance prediction model of strategic objectives using the Bayesian Belief Network (BBN). Methods: This methodological study included four steps: establishment of KPIs, performance prediction modeling, development of a performance prediction model using BBN, and simulation of a suggested nursing management strategy. An HCN expert group and a staff group participated. The content validity index was analyzed using STATA 13.0, and BBN was analyzed using HUGIN 8.0. Results: We generated a list of KPIs composed of 4 perspectives, 10 strategic objectives, and 31 KPIs. In the validity test of the performance prediction model, the factor with the greatest variance for increasing profit was maximum cost reduction of HCN services. The factor with the smallest variance for increasing profit was a minimum image improvement for HCN. During sensitivity analysis, the probability of the expert group did not affect the sensitivity. Furthermore, simulation of a 10% image improvement predicted the most effective way to increase profit. Conclusion: KPIs of HCN can estimate financial and non-financial performance. The performance prediction model for HCN will be useful to improve performance.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.285-295
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• 2016

A contact strip shape of a high speed train pantograph system was optimized with CFD to increase the aerodynamic performance and stability of contact force, and the results were validated by a wind tunnel test. For design of the optimal contact strip shape, a Kriging model and genetic algorithm were used to ensure the global search of the optimal point and reduce the computational cost. To enhance the performance and robustness of the contact strip for high speed pantograph, the drag coefficient and the fluctuation of the lift coefficient along the angle of attack were selected as design objectives. Aerodynamic forces were measured by a load cell and HWA (Hot Wire Anemometer) was used to measure the Strouhal number of wake flow. PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) was adopted to visualize the flow fields. The optimized contact strip shape was shown a lower drag with smaller fluctuation of vertical lift force than the general shaped contact strip. And the acoustic noise source strength of the optimized contact strip was also reduced. Finally, the reduction amount of drag and noise was assessed when the optimized contact strip was applied to three dimensional pantograph system.