• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.28 no.1 s.49
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• pp.207-223
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• 1995

A new medical delivery system which regulated outpatient department(OPD) use from tertiary care hospitals was adopted in 1989. Under the new system, patients using tertiary care hospital OPD without referral slip from clinics or hospitals could not get any insurance benefit for the services received from the tertiary care hospital. This study was conducted to evaluate the Patient Referral System(PRS) with respect to health care expenditures and utilization. Two data sets were used in this study. One was monthly data set(from January 1986 to December 1992) from the Annual Report of Korea Medical Insurance Corporation(KMIC). The other was monthly joint data set composed of personal data of which 10% were selected randomly with their utilization data of KMIC from January 1988 to December 1992. The data were analyzed by time-series intervention model of SAS-ETS. The results of this study were as follows: 1. There was no statistically significant changes in per capita expenditures following PRS. 2. Utilization episodes per capita was increased statistically significantly after implementation of PRS. The use of clinics and hospitals increased significantly, whereas in tertiary care hospitals the use decreased significantly immediately after implementation of PRS and increased afterwards. 3. Follow-up visits per episode were decreased statistically significantly after implementation of PRS. The decrease of follow-up visits per episode were remarkable in clinics and hospitals, whereas in tertiary care hospitals it was increased significantly after implementation of PRS. 4. There was no statistically significant changes in prescribing days per episode following PRS. Futhermore, clinics and hospitals showed a statistically significant decrease in prescribing days per episode, whereas in tertiary care hospital it showed statistically significant increase after implementation of PRS. 5. Except high income class, the use of tertiary care hospitals showed statistically significant decrease after implementation of PRS. The degree of decrease in the use of tertiary care hospitals was inversely proportional to income. These results suggest that the PRS policy was not efficient because per capita expenditures did not decrease, and was not effective because utilization episodes per capita, follow-up visits per episode. and prescribing days per episode were not predictable and failed to show proper utilization. It was somewhat positive that utilization episodes per capita were decreased temporarily in tertiary care hospitals. And PRS policy was not appropriate because utilization episodes per capita was different among income groups. In conclusion, the PRS should be revised for initial goal attainment of cost containment and proper health care utilization.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.175-191
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• 2017

In organic chemistry amide synthesis is performed through condensation of a carboxylic acid and an amine with releasing one equivalent of water via the corresponding ammonium carboxylate salt. This method is suffering from tedious processes and poor atom-economy due to the adverse thermodynamics of the equilibrium and the high activation barrier for direct coupling of a carboxylic acid and an amine. Most of the chemical approaches to amides formations have been therefore being developed, they are mainly focused on secondary amides. Direct carbonylations of tertiary amines to amides have been an exotic field unresolved, in particular direct carbonylation of trimethylamine in lack of commercial need has been attracted much interests due to the versatile product of N,N-dimethylacetamide in chemical industries and the activation of robust N-C($sp^3$) bond in tertiary amine academically. This review is focused mainly on carbonylation of trimethylamine as one of the typical tertiary amines by transition metals of cobalt, rhodium, platinum, and palladium including the role of methyl iodide as a promoter, the intermediate formation of acyl iodide, the coordination ability of trimethylamine to transition metal catalysts, and any possibility of CO insertion into the bond of Me-N in trimethylamine. In addition reactions of acyl halides as an activated form of acetic acid with amines are reviewed in brief since acyl iodide is suggested as a critical intermediate in those carbonylations of trimethylamine.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.1201-1203
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• 2011

A one-pot conversion of tertiary thioamides to S-2-oxo thioesters is reported. Hence, tertiary thioamides were reacted with ${\alpha}$-halo ketones or acids under solvent-free conditions to produce the corresponding oxo-thioesters in good to excellent yields.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.24 no.3_4
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• pp.159-165
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• 1980

Tetrathiocyanatocobaltate[II] forms complexes with tertiary amine salts or quarternary ammonium salts which were extractable from aqueous solution by organic solvent. In order to study composition of the complex, the colored crystalline complexes produced were evaluated with elemental analysis, infrared and mass spectra. And also a novel spectrophotometric method for the determination of tertiary amine salt or quarternary ammonium salt with tetrathiocyanatocobaltate[II] was established by organic solvent extraction within coefficient of variation of 1.06-1.35%.

• BMB Reports
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.189-193
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• 2009

During development lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells are the first hematopoietic cells to enter the secondary lymphoid anlagen and induce lymphoid tissue neogenesis. LTi cells induce lymphoid tissue neogensis by expressing a wide range of proteins that are associated with lymphoid organogenesis. Among these proteins, membrane-bound lymphotoxin (LT) $\alpha1\beta2$ has been identified as a critical component to this process. LT$\alpha1\beta2$ interacts with the LT$\beta$-receptor on stromal cells and this interaction induces up-regulation of adhesion molecules and production of chemokines that are necessary for the attraction, retention and organization of other cell types. Constitutive expression of LT$\alpha1\beta2$ in adult LTi cells can result in the formation of a lymphoid-like structure called tertiary lymphoid tissue. In this review, we summarize the function of fetal and adult LTi cells and their involvement in secondary and tertiary lymphoid tissue development in murine models.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1111-1117
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• 2008

A transformer type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is one of the fault current limiters which have been proposed to reduce the fault current in the transmission lines. This paper proposes the new circuit configuration of a transformer type SFCL and also investigates the operating characteristics of the transformer type SFCL containig the resistor in the tertiary winding. The proposed SFCL contains the resistor in the tertiary winding. The newly inserted resistor can divert the power which the High-Tc superconducting has to bear. Because the resistor in the tertiary winding relieves the power of the High-Tc superconducting, it is possible that the proposed transformer type SFCL can decrease the more larger fault current than the conventional SFCL with the same High-Tc superconducting. And the cost of the proposed transformer type SFCL can be reduced.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.273-277
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• 2005

Dynamic resolution of $\alpha$-bromo tertiary acetamides in asymmetric nucleophilic substitution reaction is described. Intermolecular substitution of $\alpha$-bromo tertiary acetamides with dibenzylamine in the presence of TBAI and $Et_3N$ gave the dipeptide analogues 7-10 with high stereoselectivities up to 90 : 10 dr. Also, cyclic dipeptide analogues 20-29 were produced by the intramolecular nucleophilic cyclization of $\alpha$-bromo tertiary acetamides with low stereoselectivities in 84-42% yields.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.54-58
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• 1999

A method using coloric and spectrophotometric detection have been developed for the identification of the tertiary or quaternary alkaloids contained in Corydalis tuber and its preparations. The principle is based on the formation or decomposition of complex compounds. The complex compound of the tertiary and quaternary alkaloids have been formed by adding tetrathiocyanatocobaltate [II] ion to the test soln. Diverse crude drugs were screened using this method and the results indicated that isoquinoline, aconitine-type alkaloids in crude drugs can be readily detected. The method is simple, convenient, reproducible and applicable to the verification of the crude drug Corydalis tuber and its preparations.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.12-15
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• 1989

Various tertiary amides have been subjected to the reduction by borane-THF in the presence of trimethyl borate at $0^{\circ}C$ and the product ratio of alcohol and amine have been analyzed in order to find out the possible way to obtain one product exclusively on the basis of the structure of amides. In the case of N,N-dimethyl derivatives of both linear aliphatic and aromatic amides the corresponding alcohols were produced predominantly. However, the bulkier tertiary amides such as N,N-diethyl and hindered acid derivatives afforded amines rather than alcohols. The mechanism of borane reduction of tertiary amides is also discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.162-163
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• 2021

To prepare the waterborne silicone acrylic resin coatings, acrylic resin was prepared by a radical polymerization. Glass transition temperature(Tg) of the acrylic copolymer was fixed at 30℃ and the contents of tertiary amine monomer(DMAEMA), were varied to be 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt%, hydroxyl monomer, and carboxyl monomer were fixed 10 wt%, and 4 wt% respectively. γ-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane(GPTMS) containing epoxy group was used for curing agents. The eqivalent ratio of amine to epoxy was 1:1. The prepared coatings exhibited excellent adhesion to various substrates, and various physical properties of the coatings were satisfactory. The gloss retension and color difference were improved at low tertiary amine concentration. The coatings containing 10wt% tertiary amine concentration have especially good weather resistant properties.