• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 2016

This study aims to prevent the serious threat from dangerous person or group by responding or blocking or separating illegal activities by use of SNA: Social Network Analysis. SNA enables to identify the complex social relation of suspect and individuals in order to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of investigation. SNS has rapidly developed and expanded without restriction of physical distance and geo-location for making new relation among people and sharing large amount of information. As rise of SNS(facebook and twitter) related crimes, terrorist group 'ISIS' has used their website for promotion of their activity and recruitment. The use of SNS costs relatively lower than other methods to achieve their goals so it has been widely used by terrorist groups. Since it has a significant ripple effect, it is imperative to stop their activity. Therefore, this study precisely describes criminal and terrorist activities on SNS and demonstrates how effectively detect, block and respond against their activities. Further study is also suggested.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.36
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• pp.293-316
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• 2013

Today's high-rise buildings are increasing concern about the safety and evacuation of people related to the fire and threat from outside. Terrorism breaking out in high-rise buildings, a symbol of the national economy results in a number of casualties, economic loss, social fear and damage to national status. That's why high-rise building has also emerged as a target of major terrorist attacks, compared to other types of buildings. We have 54 high-rise buildings in 15 regions over the country. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and Seoul Metropolitan Government have offered the guidelines to prevent terrorist attacks toward high-rise buildings. Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has developed and taken advantage of the Risk Management Manual Series. According to this manual, pre-assessment is conducted for the prevention of terrorism and particularly in FEMA 455, risk of the surrounding areas, vulnerability, possibility from terrorist attacks are checked. After the check, experts classify the risk of terrorist attacks toward the high-rise buildings and according to the risk classification, architects, security experts and structure engineers can carry out terrorism prevention program for high-rise buildings. The U.K. NaCTSO has also offered the terrorism prevention guidelines. Therefore, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and Seoul Metropolitan Government should make more concrete guidelines for high-rise buildings such as what U.S. FEMA and U.K. NaCTSO implement, including prior evaluation technique for terrorism risk.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.37
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• pp.83-108
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• 2013

Since the end of the Cold War and rapid globalization and technical developments, terrorist groups actively involved in criminal activities. Also criminal entrepreneurs became a major financial revenue for these terrorists groups. This newly patternized activities among terrorist groups is now called as Crime-Terror Nexus" indicating the changing nature of terrorism, which means two traditionally separate phenomena, crime and terrorism, became more similar. This new pattern of terrorism is considered to create synergy for the criminal organizations and terrorist groups, scholars believe that it would become a significant threat to the security of world community in the near future. Although the phenomenon of this crime-terror nexus is significant and imminent threats, there is lack of studies investigation this new evolution of terrorism with empirical data. Moreover there is literally no studies exploring factors relevant to the Crime-Terror Nexus. Therefore, this current study aims to conduct explorative investigation of factors affecting the "Crime-Terror Nexus" with a world terrorism data, MAROB(the Minorities at Risk Organizational Behavior), which is developed by START and Minority at Risk project and contains information terrorist groups in Middle-East and Africa region. Considering the significance of this new terrorism patterns and the challenging nature of conducting empirical studies on this topic, this study has great contribution on the development in the field of criminal justice as well as terrorism.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.20
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• pp.339-363
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• 2009

The 9.11 demonstrated that terrorist attack could be more serious problem than the war in our modern life. No countries in the world have evaded being a target for terrorists today. As well as South Korea, the whole world must share attentions and responsibilities for fighting against the terrorism. Since the international terrorist groups have expanded their targets from Western countries to Koreans, civilian hostages are no longer other's affair; it became a serious threat to public. Increased Korean investment, trade, missionary, and travel overseas also expanded activity regions worldwide. It also result increased terrorist threats and possible abduction. The number of kidnapping crisis has increased since the terrorists use it as an effective method of sending a message. Piracy refers to a broad range of violent acts at sea, and has traditionally been regarded as common enemies. Piracy constitutes a great threat to the security of navigation as well as to the safety of vessels and crews. Lessons from hostage issues such as Korean hostage crisis in Somalia and Afghanistan show that it can cause criticism on moral issues if armed rescue missions fail or hostages are killed, so the governments and related corporations try to solve it by paying ransom. Terrorists and use these advantages in order to put a huge pressure on the governments. In this study we will look at essential characteristics and types of hostage abductions and recognition of national safety, lessons and solutions to previous Korean hostage cases in overseas. At the same time, it provides a guidelines of the direction in the fighting against terrorist groups and Piracy.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.59
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• pp.217-242
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• 2019

Nowadays, Terrorism has become bloodier. Unlike the past, the recent terrorism has been indiscriminate in the purpose of mass- killing. Given this aspect, the threat of a CBRN attack is the biggest one to modern society. Notably, the possibility of terrorist attacks in Korea by international terrorist groups such as ISIL is higher than ever in consideration of its allusion; crusades and the devil's allied forces. To overcome these circumstances, various measures have been taken for counter terrorism at the state level including anti-terrorist legislation. Under the anti-terrorist act, police have to lead relevant inter agencies when it comes to the CBRN terror. At first glance, current countermeasures would work well. However, in order to respond quickly, the standing cooperations system of related departments need to be set up. In this sense, this article proposed a coagulatory body that could not only consider institutional-oriented organizational restructuring and response but also integrate and operate functions of various specialized institutions. It also stressed that the council should move toward a consultative body of information gathering, distribution and working- level consultation. With this cooperation system, counter-terrorism agencies can respond rapidly, stop wasting their effort and assets by about 30%. Also, they could design the atypical aspect of terrorism into standardized.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.269-282
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• 2009

Responding to the threat of terrorist attacks around the world, numerous studies have been conducted to search for new methods of vulnerability assessment and protective technologies for critical infrastructure under extreme bomb blasts or high velocity impacts. In this paper, a two-dimensional behavioral rate dependent lattice model (RDLM) capable of analyzing reinforced concrete members subjected to blast and impact loading is presented. The model inherently takes into account several major influencing factors: the progressive cracking of concrete in tension, the inelastic response in compression, the yielding of reinforcing steel, and strain rate sensitivity of both concrete and steel. A computer code using the explicit algorithm was developed based on the proposed lattice model. The explicit code along with the proposed numerical model was validated using experimental test results from the Woomera blast trial.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.327-332
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• 2023

On December 26, 2022, North Korea's drone provocation resumed for the first time in eight years. The threat covered not only the Seoul metropolitan area but also the no-fly zone for the presidential office's security, and the South Korean military's response to it is not appropriate, which is a major controversy. In the midst of this, problems caused by the prohibition of small drones' flight and illegal intrusion into restricted areas are increasing in Korea, and the threat is becoming a reality, such as being used for terrorist attacks abroad. In this paper, the concept of "Counter-Drone" and related technologies were considered for these drone threats, and implications were derived through domestic and overseas small drone threats, and the direction of development of the Counter-Drone system was presented. North Korea's drone threat is expected to be more diversified, massified, and advanced, resulting in bolder attacks and provocations. Therefore, the South Korean military should push for early powering of the integrated control system and the conter drone system, joint and military cooperation in response to the threat of small drones, and the ability to carry out joint operations between South Korea and the U.S.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.22
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• pp.37-64
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• 2010

Since the September 11, 2001, the motives and objectives of terrorism that have been targeted at hard targets such as key national facilities have now shifted towards soft targets such as subways, department stores, and tourist hotels; the attacks on these soft targets are steadily increasing. Simultaneous, unconventional, and indiscriminate terrorist attacks on civilians has also increased. In November, 2010, nearly forty states of the G20 and B20 (Business 20) will join in international summits to be hosted in Seoul. This coming July, an additional 350 troops will be deployed to Afghanistan for the sustainment of public security. Such events are sensitive topics, and there is the possibility of terrorist movement. Korea has successfully hosted various international events such as the APEC and ASEM Summits, and the 2002 Korea-Japan World Cup. The experiences from these events must be applied to ensure the safety of public facilities against the dangers of terrorism. First, counter-terrorism center must be established for the long-term, above the General Officer level to ensure the safety and efficiency of multilateral, international summits, as well as promoting policies and legislation aimed at preventing terrorism. Second, a terrorist threat management system must be secured and safety measures must be emphasized. Third, a fundamental structure must be established for the prevention of terrorism on public facilities, as well as legal and government action against the new threat of IED. Fourth, the police and fire fighting networks' must have a firm rapid response posture on the scene of an attack. Fifth, the state of mentality on the recognition of terrorist threats must be changed and restructured by promoting to and educating the population. Sixth, prevention measures must be established via research and academia. Seventh, for the guarantee of security in public facilities, safety management should employ cutting edge technology such as the 3D SICS and further develop and apply such technology. All methods and resources must be fully utilized for the establishment and strengthening terrorism prevention measures.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.115-120
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• 2009

Since 1990s, some events - detection of a dirty bomb in a Russian nation park in 1995, 9/11 terrorist attack to WTC in 2001, discovery of Al-Qaeda's experimentation to build a dirty bomb in 2003 etc - have showed that nuclear or radiological terrorism relating to radioactive materials (hereinafter "radioactive materials" is referred to as "nuclear material, nuclear spent fuel and radioactive source") is not incredible but serious and credible threat. Thus, to respond to the new threat, the international community has not only strengthened security and physical protection of radioactive materials but also established prevention of and response to illicit trafficking of radioactive materials. In this regard, our government has enacted or revised the national regulatory framework with a view to improving security of radioactive materials and joined the international convention or agreement to meet this international trend. For the purpose of prevention of nuclear/radiological terrorism, this paper reviews physical characteristics of nuclear material and existing detection instruments used for prevention of illicit trafficking. Finally, national detection regime against nuclear/radiological terrorism based on paths of the smuggled radioactive materials to terrorist's target building/area, national topography and road networks, and defence-in-depth concept is suggested in this paper. This study should contribute to protect people's health, safety and environment from nuclear/radiological terrorism.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.23
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• pp.1-19
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• 2010

As the world becomes more global, entry simplification measure increases many foreigners' entry and international marriage around the low income countries of southeast Asia. Those are adding multicultural phenomena to Korean society, which has a bad influence on public order environment and leads to side effect in society. Since the 9/11 terror attacks, a sudden increase in the threat of terror has been worldwide. Besides, the threat tends toward New Terrorism and contributes to factor to social malaise in Korea. Therefore, this study examines all the possibilities of hometown terrorism by multiculturalism and suggests measures for it. To achieve this, it is required to lead the people's understanding and national participation for multiculturalism. The mature civic awareness should be given priority over any others, which means the understanding and consideration of various countries' cultures and traditions. It is also necessary to inspect the dangers of hometown terrorism. Furthermore, there should be an urgent need for an institutional device to prevent and suppress terror through a close examination of countermeasures system of terror.