• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.77-83
• /
• 2011

본 논문에서는 해상 부유식 풍력타워의 동역학 모델링이 제시되고, 다양한 해상환경하중인 풍하중, 파랑하중을 모델링하여 플랫폼의 동적 거동해석을 수행하였다. 풍하중을 모델링하기 위해 풍속은 높이에 따라 변하도록 고려하였고, 파랑하중은 상대운동 모리슨방정식을 이용하여 모델링 하였다. 동적 거동해석을 위해 동역학해석프로그램인 ADAMS 를 이용하였다. 부유식 플랫폼에 많이 쓰이는 tension leg platform 의 네 가지 타입에 대해 동적 거동특성을 비교하였다.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
• /
• 제1권4호
• /
• pp.263-283
• /
• 2011

The performance of a rig tie-down system on a TLP (Tension Leg Platform) is investigated for 10-year, 100-year, and 1000-year hurricane environments. The inertia loading on the derrick is obtained from the three-hour time histories of the platform motions and accelerations, and the dynamic wind forces as well as the time-dependent heel-induced gravitational forces are also applied. Then, the connection loads between the derrick and its substructure as well as the substructure and deck are obtained to assess the safety of the tie-down system. Both linear and nonlinear inertia loads on the derrick are included. The resultant external forces are subsequently used to calculate the loads on the tie-down clamps at every time step with the assumption of rigid derrick. The exact dynamic equations including nonlinear terms are used with all the linear and second-order wave forces considering that some dynamic contributions, such as rotational inertia, centripetal forces, and the nonlinear excitations, have not been accounted for in the conventional engineering practices. From the numerical simulations, it is seen that the contributions of the second-order sum-frequency (or springing) accelerations can be appreciable in certain hurricane conditions. Finally, the maximum reaction loads on the clamps are obtained and used to check the possibility of slip, shear, and tensile failure of the tie-down system for any given environment.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국수자원학회 2017년도 학술발표회
• /
• pp.514-514
• /
• 2017

Floating breakwaters were treated as solid bodies without any perforation in previous studies. In this study, however, a floating breakwater is perforated to allow the partial absorption of the energy produced by incident waves and an air chamber is placed in the upper part to control the breakwater draft. A series of laboratory experiments for a floating breakwater installed with a mooring system are carried out. In general, a mooring system can be classified by the number of mooring points, the shape of the mooring lines, and the degree of line tension. In this study, a four-point mooring is employed since it is relatively easier to analyze the measured results. Furthermore, both the tension-leg and the catenary mooring systems have been adopted to compare the performance of the system. In laboratory experiments, the hydraulic characteristics of a floating breakwater were obtained and analyzed in detail. Also, a hydraulic model test was carried out on variable changes by changing the mooring angle and thickness of perforated wall. A hydraulic model was designed to produce wave energy by generating a vortex with the existing reflection method. Analysis on wave changes was conducted and the flow field around the floating breakwater and draft area, which have elastic behavior, was collected using the PIV system. From the test results the strong vortex was identified in the draft area of the perforated both-sides-type floating breakwater. Also, the wave control performance of the floating breakwater was improved due to the vortex produced as the tension in the mooring line decreased.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.409-413
• /
• 2022

Objective: This study aims to compare the range of motion of the joints by applying the contraction and relaxation techniques used in manual therapy as electrical stimulation treatment. Based on this, we would like to propose the possibility of using motor nerve electrical stimulation therapy for musculoskeletal physical therapy. Design: Single-arm interventional study Methods: Active and passive straight leg raising tests were performed on 20 healthy men and women in their 20s to measure the angle of hip joint flexion. Then, the electrical stimulation time was set to 10 seconds and 5 seconds of rest, and motor nerve electrical stimulation of 1 Hz was applied with the maximum strength that could withstand the hamstring muscles for 10 minutes. After electrical stimulation, straight leg raising tests again to confirm the range of motion of the hip joint flexion. Results: As a result of this study, it was confirmed that the joint range of motion was significantly improved for both active and passive straight leg raising tests after application of motor nerve electrical stimulation(p<.05). Conclusions: With a strong electrical stimulation treatment of 1 Hz, the effect similar to the contraction and relaxation technique used in manual therapy was confirmed through the joint range of motion. In the future, motor nerve electrical stimulation therapy can be used for musculoskeletal physical therapy to provide a new approach for patients with reduced pain and joint range of motion due to muscle tension.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제31권8호
• /
• pp.675-681
• /
• 2007

다방향 불규칙파 중에서의 인장계류식 해양구조물(TLP)의 구조응답 해석을 수행함으로써 다방향 불규칙파가 구조응답에 미치는 영향을 평가하고 있다. 인장계류식 해양구조물에 작용하는 파강제력과 동유체력은 3차원 특이점분포법을 사용하여 각각의 외각요소에 대해 평가하였다. 3차원 골조요소로 모델링하여 유한요소법에 의해 구조응답을 평가하였으며, 인장계류식 해앙구조물의 각 외각요소간의 유체역학적 상호간섭을 고려하여 구조응답을 해석하였다. 구조응답의 주파수 응답함수와 다방향파의 스펙트럼을 이용하여 다방향 불규칙파에 대한 해양구조물의 구조응답 스펙트럼을 구하여 다방향 불규칙파가 인장계류식 해양구조물의 구조응답에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 1985

Tension Leg Platform (TLP)이란 평행위치로부터 일정 범위내에서 움직임으로 인하여 외 력의 효과를 완화시키는 compliant 구조물인 동시에, 기인장력을 받고 있는 연직 anchor cable 이 있으므로 부력이 자중을 초과하게 되는 안정한 platform 이다. 일반적으로 부체는 해상조건이 험할수록, 그리고 수심이 깊어질수록 동요가 심해지는데 TLP는 기인장 cable로 인하여 심해에서도 비교적 동요가 작아서 최근 대수심구조물의 총아로 각광받고 있다. 일찌기 Paulling 등이 TLP 거동의 예측을 위하여 수정된 Morison 방정식을 사용하는 선형동유체력합성방법을 발표하였다. 그러나 만일 TLP의 각 부재가 Morison 방정식의 가정이 성립할 수 없을 정도로 크다면 새로운 해석이 필요하다 하겠다. 일본의 Tanaka는 이런 경우에 McCamy-Fuchs 이론의 결과치를 이용하였으나, 완전한 해석이라기 보다는 일종의 간편법이라 하겠다. 본고에서는 큰 배수용적을 가진 연직부체가 있고, 이론적 해석의 결과를 검토해 볼 수 있는 수리모형 실험 결과가 있는 Deep Oil Technology (DOT) 회사의 TLP를 대상으로 하였다. 이 TLP는 부력을 전담하고 있는 연직축대칭 원통과 이들을 연결하고 있는 세부재로 이루어져 있어 축대칭부분에는 축대칭 Green 함수를 사용하여 동유체력을 구하고 세부재는 종래의 수정된 Morison 방정식의 항력항을 선형화하여 동유체력을 구하였다. 그리하여 부재의 각 미소부분에서 구한 힘들을 TLP의 중심에 원점을 둔 좌표계로 옮겨 동적응답을 구한 것이다. 본 해석에서 부재 상호간의 작용은 무시하였으며 단지 부재간의 거리효과만 고려하였다. 따라서 사용된 좌표계는 전체 (Global) 좌표계, 지점 (Local) 좌표계 및 파랑 (Wave) 좌표계 등이었고 각 좌표계간의 변환식이 필요하였다. 전체적인 해석정도는 선형이론으므로 케이블의 강성도 역시 선형적으로 구하였으며, 앞서 언급했다시피 Morison 방정식의 비선형항인 항력항은 Fourier 해석으로 선형화 하였다. 이러한 Fourier 해석은 잘 알려져 있는 Lorentz 원리와 같다고 볼 수 있다. 세부재의 경우 접선력은 무시하였고 수입자의 운동에 의한 부채에 대한 수직력만 고려하였다. 여기서 파랑좌표계에서 지점좌표계로의 좌표변환이 주의를 요하고 있다. 이제 이렇게 구한 각 힘들을 전체좌표 계에서 6개의 자유도별로 운동방정식에 대입하면 각 자유도별 동적응답이 구하여지는 것이다. DOT TLP의 Surge mode에 대한 동적응답을 실험치와 비교하여 본 결과, 세부재에 대한 고려를 뺄 수 없음을 알 수 있었다. 이는 연직축대칭 부체의 크기가 그리 크지 않으므로 인한 것이며, TLP의 원형의 경우에는 보다 더 관성력이 지배적일 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.580-588
• /
• 2010

OPB(out-of-plane bending)-induced failure of mooring chain was firstly addressed by CALM (catenary anchor leg mooring)-type offloading buoy, located approximately one mile away from the bow of the Girassol FPSO which was installed offshore area of Angola in September 2001. This study deals with verifying the load transfer mechanism between the first free chain link and connected two chain links inside the chain hawse. OPB moment to angle variation relationships are proposed by extensive parametric study where the used design variables are static friction coefficients, proof test loads, nominal tension forces, chain link diameters, chain link grades and chain link types. The stress ranges due to OPB moments are obtained using nonlinear FEAs (finite element analyses). Final stress ranges are derived considering ones from IPT (in-plane tension) forces. Also a formula for OPB fatigue assessment is briefly introduced.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.219-240
• /
• 2019

This paper presents the comparison between SFT response with linear and nonlinear cables. The dynamic response analysis of submerged floating tunnel (SFT) is presented computationally with linear and nonlinear tension legs cables. The analysis is performed computationally for two wave directions one at 90 degrees (perpendicular) to tunnel and other at 45 degrees to the tunnel. The tension legs or cables are assumed as linear and non- linear and the analysis is also performed by assuming one tension leg or cable is failed. The Response Amplitude Operators (RAO's) are computed for first order waves, second order waves for both failure and non-failure case of cables. For first order waves- the SFT response is higher for sway and heave degree of freedom with nonlinear cables as compared with linear cables. For second order waves the SFT response in sway degree of freedom is bit higher response with linear cables as compared with nonlinear cables and the SFT in heave degree of freedom has higher response at low time periods with nonlinear cables as compared with linear cables. For irregular waves the power spectral densities (PSD's) has been computed for sway and heave degrees of freedom, at $45^0$ wave direction PSD's are higher with linear cables as compared with nonlinear cables and at $90^0$ wave direction the PSD's are higher with non-linear cables. The mooring force responses are also computed in y and z directions for linear and nonlinear cables.

• Biomedical Engineering Letters
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.345-353
• /
• 2018

This study suggested a new EMG-signal-based evaluation method for knee rehabilitation that provides not only fragmentary information like muscle power but also in-depth information like muscle fatigue in the field of rehabilitation which it has not been applied to. In our experiment, nine healthy subjects performed straight leg raise exercises which are widely performed for knee rehabilitation. During the exercises, we recorded the joint angle of the leg and EMG signals from four prime movers of the leg: rectus femoris (RFM), vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and biceps femoris (BFLH). We extracted two parameters to estimate muscle fatigue from the EMG signals, the zero-crossing rate (ZCR) and amplitude of muscle tension (AMT) that can quantitatively assess muscle fatigue from EMG signals. We found a decrease in the ZCR for the RFM and the BFLH in the muscle fatigue condition for most of the subjects. Also, we found increases in the AMT for the RFM and the BFLH. Based on the results, we quantitatively confirmed that in the state of muscle fatigue, the ZCR shows a decreasing trend whereas the AMT shows an increasing trend. Our results show that both the ZCR and AMT are useful parameters for characterizing the EMG signals in the muscle fatigue condition. In addition, our proposed methods are expected to be useful for developing a navigation system for knee rehabilitation exercises by evaluating the two parameters in two-dimensional parameter space.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국어업기술학회 2000년도 추계수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
• /
• pp.199-200
• /
• 2000

제주연안은 태풍 및 겨울철 북서풍의 영향으로 일부 항만 내를 제외하고는 가두리가 극미한 실정으로서 광활한 바다의 능동적인 이용을 위하여 해양수산부(해양수산 개발원)의 특정연구개발사업의 일부 지원을 밭아 연구를 수행하였다. 외국의 사례를 보면 북대서양연안의 극심한 해양환경(파고 20m)을 고려한 TLC(Tension Leg Cage) 시스템을 노르웨이 Marintek에서 개발하였으며[1], 일본의 경우는 수심이 깊고 만이 많은 해역을 고려한 부침식 전복 양식시스템을 개발하였고[2], 이스라엘에서는 반잠수식 가두리 양식시스템을 개발하였다[3].(중략)