• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2018

Objectives: This report aimed to provide an introduction to the analysis of the Biolinkage System. Methods: During diagnosis, the Biolinkage System was first classified into Type I & Type II according to the Patric's Test and the Pelvic Twist Analysis; the two types were then sub-classified into Step I, II, III according to the Thompson's sacrum test, Patrick's test, Scapular Fixation Test, and Pelvic Twist Analysis. During treatment, the sacrum-axis-temporomandibular joints were used in Step I, the hip joint-fourth cervical or scapular-occiput were used in Step II, and lastly the thoracic cage is used in Step III. Conclusions: The Biolinkage System is useful in the examination of somatic dysfunction.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2017

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain is characterized by persistent jaw pain associated with dysfunction and tenderness of the temporomandibular muscles and joints. The aim of this study was to investigate whether treatment with red or black ginseng extract helps in the modulation of inflammatory TMJ pain. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220~260 g were used. The experimental group was subdivided into 4 groups based on the treatment method (n=6, each group): formalin (5%, $30{\mu}l$), formalin after distilled water (vehicle), formalin after red or black ginseng extract (per oral, single or repeated, respectively). To induce TMJ pain, $30{\mu}l$ of formalin was injected into the articular cavity under ether inhalation anesthesia. The number of noxious behavioral responses of scratching the facial region proximal to the injection site was recorded for 9 successive 5-min intervals following formalin injection. Repeated treatment with red or black ginseng extract reduced the nociceptive responses in the second phase (11~45 min). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an oxidative stress-mediated transcription factor. Both ginsengs significantly down-regulated the increased Nrf2 level compared to the vehicle group. In the test for liver and kidney functions, repeated treatment with red or black ginseng was not different compared to the vehicle group. These results indicate that red and black ginseng extract might be promising analgesic agents in the treatment of inflammatory TMJ pain.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.27-33
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• 2018

Purpose: Many researchers have established a connection between sleep disturbances and the symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in adults, but there are a few studies targeted at adolescents with TMD. The aim of this study was to analyze the sleep pattern of adolescents with TMD and to determine the effect of poor sleep quality on their clinical symptoms. Methods: The subjects were composed of 47 adolescents with TMD. The sleep pattern and preliminary information of patients were measured by self-reported questionnaires; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Questionnaire for TMD analysis. TMD pain was scored using the Numerical Rating Scale. The Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's exact test and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The poor sleeping group had statistically more females (25.00% males, 75.00% females) than the good sleeping group. As compared with that of good sleepers, sleep quality of poor sleepers was significantly worse in the items of subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep disturbances, daytime dysfunction and global PSQI score. The sleep time of adolescents was much longer during vacation ($7.20{\pm}1.38hours$) than during school days ($6.10{\pm}1.26hours$). Poor sleep of patients was associated with the pain in the ear or in front of the ear, in the face, jaw, throat or temple and in neck or back. Adolescents with pain in those areas had significantly higher proportion of poor sleepers than adolescents with no pain in those areas. Conclusions: The high ratio of girls in poor sleeping group could reflect the greater prevalence of TMD in women than in men. Pain in peri-temporomandibular joint areas, neck or back could negatively influence sleep quality of adolescents with TMD.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of symptoms and signs of temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD) and malocclusion in 10-12 year old children and to determine if a relationship exists between symptoms and signs of TMD and malocclusion. The subjects were composed of 465 school children (233 boys and 232 girls). Each subject was evaluated with simplified questionnaire and clinical examination to measure symptoms and signs of TMD and malocclusion. The results showed an elevated prevalence of headache (34.6%), which were more frequent in girls than boys. The most common cardinal sign of TMD was clicking (32.9%), which increased with age. TMJ lateral tenderness was present in 18.1% of the subjects and had a tendency to increase with age. Masseter muscle tenderness was found to be sensitive in 15.1%of the subjects and had a tendency to increase with age. Restriction of mandibular mobilitywas present in 30.3% of the subjects and had a tendency to increase with age. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of TMD signs between sex. The occlusal status showed Class I malocclusion in 73.3%, Class III in 12.9%,Class II division 1 in 11%, Class II division 2 in 2.8%. There was no significant difference in malocclusion traits between sex. There was statistically significant relationship between TMD signs and symptoms and class II division 1 and Class III malocclusion(p<0.05). The results indicate that the prevalence of TMD symptoms and signs in children is high, and the evaluation of TMD in children seems to be important.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.242-248
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• 2015

Maximum mouth opening is regarded as an important tool used to evaluate the clinical function of temporomandibular joint and the masticatory system. It has been reported that children can also exhibit severe dysfunction or pain in some cases of temporomandibular disorder. The purpose of this study was to measure the normal maximum mouth opening in Korean children and to analyze the correlations between mouth opening and the associated factors. Maximum mouth opening was measured from 151 healthy children between the ages of 2 and 6 years old. Age, height, weight, and mouth width were also recorded. As a result, the mean maximum mouth-opening was $37.72{\pm}5.10mm$. While the values were greater in boys than in girls without statistical significance, the increases of maximum mouth opening based on age, height, weight, and mouth width were significant (p < 0.05). In children, positive correlation coefficients were observed between maximum mouth opening and the associated factors and height showed the highest correlation. In conclusion, we collected data of the normal range of maximum mouth opening in Korean children, and this study can be utilized as a basis in diagnosing pediatric temporomandibular disorder and safety standard of mouth opening during dental procedures.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.109-121
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• 1992

Temporomandibular joint is a major structure to play an important role in the function & stability of the occlusion as well as the stomatognathic system. Therefore, the TMJ is the structure that requires the complete analysis for diagnosing and planning treatment of pathologic changes by TMJ dysfunction and malocclusion. So, in this study, to evaluate TMJ situation in Korean malocclusion, based on the previous accomplishments, students of the dental college of Won-Kwang Univ. are surveyed and selected in terms of Angle's classification of malocclusion, whose TMJ radiographs were taken in the centric occlusion and centric relation. In each maiocclusion groups, the mean and standard deviation of anterior, posterior and superior joint space of the right, left and both side in CO & CR are evaluated and also those of the fossa height and the articular eminence angle of the right, left and both sides are evaluated. The obtained results were as follows: 1. In the correlation coefficient between the malocclusion groups, no other items except the posterior joint space of the right side in CR between in class I and class III are significant. 2. In the correlation coefficient between the right and left side, the each joint space in class I malocclusion group and class II malocclusion group are significant. 3. In the change of each joint space during the transmit from CO to CR, there is a tendency of increasing anterior joint space and decreasing posterior, superior joint spaces in class I, II malocclusion and increasing superior joint space and decreasing anterior, posterior joint space in class III malocclusion, which is significant in the correlation coefficient, but not significant in the T-test. 4. In each malocclusion group, the correlation coefficient between the posterior joint space and the superior joint space in C.R is highly significant. 5. The fossa height of class II malocclusion group is lesser than that of class I or class III, which is not significant in T-test. 6. In the correlation coefficient between Rt. and Lt. side in the fossa height, it is not significant in class I and class III group, but significant in class II malocclusion group. 7. The articular eminence angle of class II malocclusion group is larger then that of class I or class III groups, which is fairly significant. 8. In the correlation coefficient between Rt. and Lt. side in the articular eminence angle, it is significant in each malocclusion group.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-44
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• 1991

악관절 기능장애 환자 118명을 대상으로 하여 임상적으로 악관절 잡음, 개구량, 동통 및 병력을 조사하고 골변화 양상 및 악관절내에서의 과두위치 등을 방사선학적으로 관찰하였으며, 조영술식을 이용하여 악관절내의 원판 위치 및 천공등을 관찰하여 이들 조사결과를 비교 검토한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다 1. 악관절 기능장애 환자에서 악관절부위의 골변화는 환자의 병력과 밀접한 관계가 있었다. 2. 최대 개구시 40㎜미만을 개구하는 환자에서 더욱 심한 골변화를 보였다. 3. 악관절 기능장애 환자의 교합상태에서 과두가 악관절강의 후방에 위치한 경우 개구시 더욱 쉽게 과두가 관절융기 전방으로 이동하였으며, 교합시 과두가 전방에 위치한 경우 후방에 위치한 경우보다 더욱 심한 골변화양상을 보였다. 4. 교합시 관절간격의 감소는 과두의 악관절내 어떠한 위치보다 병변이 진행된 상태였다. 5. 5. 비환원성 내장증 환자의 특징적 증상은 clicking후 개구장애를 나타내었으며 비환원성 내장증을 환원성 내장증보다 더욱 진행된 상태였다

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2002

The role of botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent is expanding rapidly in otolaryngology. Botulinum toxin is a protease that blocks the release of acetylcholine from nerve terminals. Its effects are transient and nondestructive, and largely limited to the area in which it is administered These effects are also graded according to the dose, allowing for individualized treatment of patients and disorders. Botulinum toxin has been used primarily to treat disorders of excessive or inappropriate muscle contraction. In the field of otolaryngology, these include spasmodic dysphonia, oromandibular dystonia, and blepharospasm, vocal tics and stuttering, cricopharyngeal achalasia, various tremors and tics, hemifacial spasm, temporomandibular joint disorders and a number of cosmetic applications. Botulinum toxin treatment has recently begun to show some benefit in the control of pain from migraine and tension headache. It may also prove useful in the control of autonomic dysfunction, as in Frey syndrome, sialorrhea, and rhinorrhea. In over 20 yews of use in humans, botulinum toxin has accumulated a considerable safety record, and in many cases represents relief for thousands of patients unaided by other therapy.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.205-212
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to investigate the duration of the silent period of the masseter muscle in normal subjects after experimental bruxism. The material for this study consisted of 9 male subjects with an age range of 22-24 years who showed normal occlusion clinically and were free from any history or symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. A jaw-jerk was stimulated by tapping the mandibular symphysis during maximal voluntary clenching with a solenoid-driven hammer. And three separate silent period records were made from the left masseter muscle at the following times: at normal state, after experimental bruxism, 1 week after bruxism. The following conclusions were obtained: 1. The average value of the duration of masseteric silent period during maximal voluntary clenching was $33.62{\pm}1.86msec$ when tap force of approximate 650g was applied at normal state. 2. After experimental tooth grinding for 30 minutes, the duration of masseteric silent period increased to $46.29{\pm}4.40msec$. 3. Comparing the duration of silent period measured at normal state with that measured after 1 week, the duration of silent period showed reproducibility.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.257-260
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• 2009

Osteochondroma is one of the most common benign tumors of the axial skeleton, but is rarely found in the facial bones and extremely rare in mandibular condyle. The clinical signs and symptoms of osteochondroma of mandibular condyle may resemble those seen in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. Condylectomy have been the first choice for treatment of osteochondroma, but it may be with some complicaitons, loss of condylar vertical height, etc. A 57 years old female patient who had an osteochondroma on left mandibular condyle visited to our clinic. We did surgically remove the mass with favorable result, so we present the case with review of literatures.