• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2004

In conventional method of supporting soil shuttering wall during excavation a system of struts and wales to provide cross-lot bracing is common in trench excavations and other excavations of limited width. This method, however, becomes difficult and costly to be adopted for large excavations since heavily braced structural systems are required. Another expensive and unsafe situations are expected when temporary struts must be removed for the construction of underground structures. This paper introduces innovative strut systems which can be used as permanent underground structures after its role as brace system to resist earth pressure during excavation phase. Underground structural system suggested from architect is checked against the soil lated pressures before the analysis of stresses developed from gravity loads. In this technology, named SPS(Struts as Permanent System), retaining wall is installed first and excavation proceeds until the first level of bracing is reached. Braces used as struts during excavation will serve as permanent girders when buildings are in operation. Simultaneous construction of underground and superstructure can proceeds when excavation ends with the last level of braces being installed. In this paper, construction sequence and the calculation concept are explained in detail with some photo illustrations. SPS technology was applied to three selected buildings. One of them was completed and two others are being constructed Many sensors were installed to monitor the behavior of retaining wall, braces as column in terms of stress change and displacement. Adjacent ground movement was also obtained. These projects demonstrate that SPS technology contributes to the speed as well as the economy involved in construction.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1039-1049
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• 2010

Excavation support systems are the temporary earth retaining structures that can prevent the lateral movement of soils. The systems are initially performed before other construction operations and have a great impact on the entire construction period. The temporary support system in Korea have been carried out generally along with installing supports, which are struts, tiebacks, and rakers. However, most of existing support systems in application relatively have limitations such as cost increase, construction configuration, and displacement occurred with support systems. Thus, a new retaining support system (referred to as the SSR, New Construction Technology No. 533) was developed to solve the aforementioned problems. This study introduces the design, construction, and maintenance of the SSR system under the different construction conditions. The behavior and characteristics of the SSR system were identified based on the case studies.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2011년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.85-86
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• 2011

The temporary support system in Korea have been carried out generally along with installing supports, which are struts, anchors, rakers. However, most of existing support systems in application relatively have limitations such as cost increase, construction configuration, and displacement occurred with support systems. Thus, a new retaining support system(referred to as the SSR, NET No.533) was developed to solve the aforementioned problems. This study introduces the design, construction, and maintenance of the SSR system under the different construction conditions. The behavior and characteristics of the SSR system were identified based on the case studies.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.469-475
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• 2022

최근의 구조물공사는 건물과 근접하여 대규모, 대심도 지하굴착 공사로 흙막이벽과 버팀보의 설치가 복잡해지고, 구조물 슬래브의 간섭을 피하기 위한 버팀보의 단수가 많아졌다. 이러한 시공공정은 구조물의 시공이음 개소의 증가와 누수 및 벽체균열 증가를 유발하는 요인이 되어 구조물 전체의 내구성과 시공성 저하 및 공사기간의 증대로 이어졌다. 본 연구는 시공이음 개소를 축소하기 위한 방안으로서 버팀보 2단을 동시에 해체하는 것을 계획하고, 이를초기가정토압에 의한 반력 값과 현장의 계측치를 응답비로 가정하여 토압을 보정하였다. 반복시산법을 통해 보정토압을 재 산정한 후, 버팀보 2단 동시해체가 가능함을 수치해석으로 검증하였다. 최종 보정 토압을 적용한 수치해석결과, 설계반력에 대한 계측 값이 최대 197%로 나타났다. 이는 지반에 시행한 그라우팅의 효과와 설계 시 지반 특성치를 다소 과소평가한 데에서 기인된 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구에서 수행한 응답비를 고려한 보정토압 산정결과를 바탕으로 버팀보 해체공정의 개선이 가능함을 해석적으로 입증하였다. 또한 이를 바탕으로 시공이음 축소로 누수에 의한 균열 감소와 시공성도 개선되어 전체적인 공기의 단축도 가능할 것으로 검토되었다. 그러나 현장마다 지반여건과 가시설 및 보강공법 등의 차이가 있어 이를 적용하기 위해서는 충분한 검토와 확인이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제23권2_2호
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• pp.361-374
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• 2020

Recently, small and medium-sized rahmen-type bridges have been developed as a technology that ensures the stability of structural behavior and the safety of use at the same time by using efficient and economical materials that make up the convergence section of reinforced bar, structural steel and concrete. This study is about a rahmen-type structure applied with the installation and dismantling of the strut. It improves the serviceability of the structure by forming multi-points and efficiently applies the convergence section of structural steel and concrete materials to the structural system changes to induce the displacement improvement effect additionally. By constructing mock-up models for the beam-column joint, the displacement was calculated and compared, and this was compared and analyzed by numerical analysis. The final displacement showed an improvement effect of 13.46% to 36.28% based on the vertical displacement of the existing structure without struts through the experiment of the mock-up models. As a result of analysis by numerical analysis method, the displacement improvement effect of 42.89% could be derived.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.243-250
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• 2004

SPS 공법에서 철골보는 가설상태에서 띠장을 지지하는 버팀대로 사용되며, 시공후 구조물에서 휨재의 역할을 한다. 기존 실험연구결과에서 RC 띠장-철골보 접합부는 소정의 휨강성을 갖는다고 보고하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 SPS 공법으로 시공된 지하복합골조에 대하여 RC 띠장-철골보 스터드 접합부의 고정도에 따른 거동을 평가하기 위하여 비선형 해석을 실시하였다. 해석변수는 시공단계, 횡력의 크기, RC 띠장-철골보 접합부의 고정도 등이다. 해석결과에서 골조의 항복과정, 보 중앙부 휨모멘트 및 처짐에 대한 접합부의 고정도의 영향을 보여준다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1251-1258
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is to introduce the new temporary earth retaining wall system using landslide stabilizing piles. This system is a self-supported retaining wall(SSR) without installing supports such as tiebacks, struts and rakers. The SSR is a kind of gravity structures consisting of twin parallel lines of piles driven below dredge level, tied together at head of soldier piles and landslide stabilizing piles by beams. There are three types of excavation wall structures: standard method for medium retained heights(<8.0m), internal excavation method and slope excavation method for deep-excavation applications(>8.0m). In the present study, the measured data from seven different sites which the SSR was used for excavation were collected and analyzed to investigate the characteristic behavior lateral wall movements associated with urban excavations in Korea.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.45-65
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 유한차분해석 프로그램인 FLAC을 이용하여 사질토 지반을 지지하는 지하연속벽을 모델링 하고, 내진해석을 수행하였다. 그리고 수치해석 결과를 동일한 조건에서 수행된 원심모형실험 결과와 비교하여, 흙막이 구조물의 내진해석을 위한 수치 모델링의 적정성을 검증하였다. 전반적으로 벽체에 발생한 모멘트 분포도가 매우 유사하였고, 지하연속벽의 상단과 배면지반에서 산정한 가속도의 최대값이 약 5%이내의 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 검증된 모델을 활용하여 다양한 지반조건과 굴착조건, 그리고 입력하중 조건에서 동적 수치해석 변수연구를 수행하였다. 지진 중 가시설 벽체와 지보재에 발생한 최대 응력을 굴착 중 발생한 최대 응력과 비교하여, 내진설계가 필요한 흙막이 가시설 조건을 개략적으로 선정하였다. 토사지반을 지지하는 흙막이 벽체는 재현주기 100년의 지진하중에 의해 벽체 모멘트가 최대 17%까지 증가하였고, 특히 느슨한 토사층에 위치한 지보재는 최대 32%까지 축력이 증가하여 구조설계를 위한 내진해석이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 도심지 연약 지반에 적용된 IPS(Innovative Prestressed Support) 흙막이 시스템의 거동을 파악하고 안정성을 확인하였다. 새로운 IPS 흙막이 시스템은 강선의 인장 저항을 이용하여 띠장의 강성을 획기적으로 증가시켜 버팀보의 설치 간격을 대폭 증가시키는 공법이다. IPS 흙막이 시스템이 적용된 현장은 부산 북부 지역 내에 위치한 폭 28.8m, 길이 52.0m 그리고 굴착 깊이 16.1m 규모의 굴착 현장으로서 느슨한 매립토와 연약 점토로 이루어져 있으며 두께 650mm의 지중 연속벽, 5단의 IPS 시스템과 중앙 스트럿으로 지지되어 있다. 시공이 진행되는 동안에 경사계 6 곳, 지하 수위계 4 곳, IPS 띠장에 설치된 변위계 30 곳, 스트럿에 설치된 변형율계 20 곳에서 현장 데이터를 계측 수집하였다. 연약 지반에 적용된 IPS 흙막이 공법은 성공적으로 수행되었다. IPS 흙막이 공법의 시공을 통하여 공법의 적용성을 확인하였으며 현장 계측 결과를 분석하고 예비 설계 내용과 비교하여 연약 지반에서의 IPS 흙막이 공법의 거동을 확인하고 안정성을 평가하였다.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-55
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• 1999

The excavation works for deep foundation in urban areas have recently increased complaints of blasting vibration and settlement of ground level. Foundation must be excavated approximately up to 24-28m depths from the surface. The roads and subway line pass through the excavation area. The Dae-chung station is also located at the nearest distance 5-35m from the working site. To protect subway station and adjacient some structures from blasting and settlement, the level of ground vibration, displacements and stress were monitored and analyzed. The results can be summarized as follows ; 1. An empirical particle velocity equation were obtained by test blasts at Nassan Missi 860 Office tel construction site. $V{\;}={\;}K(D/\sqrt{W})^{-n}$, where the values for n and k are estimated tobe 0.371 and 1.551. From this ground vibration equation, the max. charge weight per delay time against distance from blasting point is calculated. Detailed blasting method is also presented. 2. To measure the horizontal displacement in directions perpendicular to the borehole axis, 6 inclinometers installed around working sites. The displacement at the begining was comparatively high because the installation of struts was delayed, but after its installation the values showed a stable trend. Among them, the displacement by 3 inclinometers installed on a temporary parking area showed comparatively high values, for example, the displacement measured at hole No. IC-l recoded the max. 47.04mm for 6 months and at hole No. IC-2 recorded the max. 57.33mm for 7 months. So, all of these data was estimated below a safe standard value 103mm. 3. Seven strain gauge meter was installed of measure the magnitude and change of stress acted on structs. The measured value of maximum stress was $-465{\;}kgf/\textrm{cm}^2,{\;}-338.4{\;}kgf/\textrm{cm}^2,{\;}302.3{\;}kgf/\textrm{cm}^2$ respectively. In compareto the allowable stress level of steel, they are estimated to be safe.