• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2007

This study evaluated the effects of rehabilitation of existing coal mining spoils on species composition and species diversity. The species composition of most rehabilitated stands differed from that of the reference stands, and thus did not suggest successful rehabilitation. However, stands subjected to restorative treatment many years ago showed higher species diversity than the reference stands and thereby met the goals of rehabilitation. Our results demonstrate that restorative treatments practiced in the past created a heterogeneous ecological space with regard to the surrounding areas. Therefore, even though species diversity increased several years after rehabilitation, this does not indicate that the treatment achieved true rehabilitation success. The treatment did result in temporary stability through increased species diversity, but it could not be described as successful rehabilitation in terms of biological integrity with the surrounding ecosystems.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2015

본 연구는 기존의 가설 흙막이 벽으로만 사용되는 현장제조 CIP를 기성제 PHC 파일로 대체하여 흙막이 겸 영구벽체로 사용하는 융합 공법을 제안하고 적용가능성을 확인하였다. PHC파일은 공장제작으로 품질을 믿을 수 있으며 재료적으로 콘크리트 강도나 긴장재의 인장응력이 CIP에 비해 우수하고 구조적으로도 큰 휨내력을 가지고 있다. 이러한 장점을 기진 PHC파일을 이용한 영구벽체 공법은 기존의 가설 흙막이 공법과 비교하면 시공이 간편하고 경제적이며 현장타설이 최소화되어 공기단축이 가능하다. 또한 공장제작을 통해 균질한 구조성능을 얻을 수 있고 흙막이와 지하외벽이 이중 시공되지 않으므로 공간활용 측면에서도 유리한 장점이 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2019

Most orbital surgeons believe that it's difficult to restore the primary orbital wall to its previous position and that the orbital wall is so thin that cannot be firmly its primary position. Therefore, orbital wall fractures generally have been reconstructed by replacing the bony defect with a synthetic implant. Although synthetic implants have sufficient strength to maintain their shape and position in the orbital cavity, replacement surgery has some drawbacks due to the residual permanent implants. In previous studies, the author has reported an orbital wall restoring technique in which the primary orbital wall fragment was restored to its prior position through a combination of the transorbital and transantral approaches. Simple straight and curved elevators were introduced transnasally to restore the orbital wall and to maintain temporary extraorbital support in the maxillary and ethmoid sinus. A transconjunctival approach provided sufficient space for implant insertion, while the transnasal approach enabled restoration of the herniated soft tissue back into the orbit. Fracture defect was reduced by restoring the primary orbital wall fragment to its primary position, making it possible to use relatively small size implant, furthermore, extraorbital support from both sinuses decreased the incidence of implant displacement. The author could recreate a natural shape of the orbit with the patient's own orbital bone fragments with this dual approach and effectively restored the orbital volume and shape. This procedure has the advantages for retrieving the orbital contents and restoring the primary orbital wall to its prior position.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2011

The primary purpose of this study is to suggest policy directions for redevelopment project based on analysis of residents' perception on needs and reasons of redevelopment, and development type in old settlements in Daegu Metropolitan City. The main findings are follows. First, the study area is short of public space such as road and parks, occupied by old single detached houses with small parcel. The living environment of the area consist with many 20 years or older two story houses is very poor. Second, most of residents (58.5%) consider economic factors or cheaper rent more serious than other factors such as convenience, amenity, and education facilities. Third, residents want new housing construction even though explanatory power of trash collection, bad smells, privacy is very high in residents' satisfaction. Fourth, most of residents (88.8%) agree redevelopment and show strong preference to high-density apartment construction through demolish-and-development type of redevelopment approach. They are willing to agree the parcellevel redevelopment if governments provides economic supports and temporary settlements. This finding suggests very important policy implications for current government efforts to improve living environment.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2013

Transportation and further expansion of social infrastructure was needed along the development of urbanization and population concentration. To use the underground space due to the lack of availability of land, it is inevitable to intersect between present structure and tunnel during construction. Soil grouting is one of the ground improvement methods to reinforce weak soil around the underground structures by injection of grouting liquid. Some of central columns of an upper structure are damaged during injection of grouting liquid by injection pressure. To investigate and improve the stability of the tunnel, three dimensional analysis are performed with full construction stages which includes the construction of present underpass, damaging columns of the underpass, reinforcing the columns by H-pile and shear walls, and excavation and construct tunnel. The arrangement of grouting holes such as curtain and horizontal type affects largely to the stability of upper structure and horizontal arrangement diminish the shear forces which is the cause of damage of central columns. The liquid injection type of reinforcement for tunnel is not recommended while the presence of upper structure with columns. Wall type reinforcing is utilize for permant support of upper structures which is affected by grouting injection pressure. H-pile is utilize for temporary support, but not for permanent since the sharing of shear forces is not much to shear wall during tunnel construction.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2006년도 춘계학술논문 발표대회 제6권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2006

A down construction method is frequently used in these days to reduce popular discontent and to assure sufficient working space at early stage in downtown area. There are two main problems in the existing down construction method. One is a confliction between frame works and excavation works, and the other is a cold joint in retaining wall which is unavoidable due to a sequence of concrete placement and induces a water leakage. Therefore, a new method is needed to overcome these problems. The CWS (buried wale Continuous Wall System) method was developed by authors. By replacing RC perimeter beam with embedded steel wale, the steel frame works of substructure can be simplified and the water leakage can be prevented using continuous retaining wall. Consequently, the improved duality and reduction of construction period can be obtained from CWS method.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.335-347
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• 1999

Restricted by time and space, formal environmental education has a limit in accommodating fast changing socal phenomena and quickly spreading environmental problems. Therefore, to carry out more efficiently the environmental education for middle and high school students, this study is intended to search for a way to establish a network of formal and nonformal environmental education. More than 80% of civil environmental organizations replied they agree to establish a network of environmental education. As for the establishment of a network, they preferred the establishment in which middle and high school, civil environmental organizations, government, the environment-related departments of the universities. They preferred ‘civil environmental organizations’ for the operator, ‘local municipal or provincial level for the scale, ‘direct personal relations’ for the interchange method. To establish a network, they replied that ‘funding’, ‘specialists in environmental education’, ‘staff to proceed educations’, ‘reform of law and systems’ are required. They also preferred ‘funding from government budget’ for a way to fund a network. We can draw the following conclusions from the survey, We need a training program for environmental education staff not to make those educational programs by civil environmental organizations temporary Also, more studies should be done to establish more organized network of environmental education and nonformal environmental education by civil environmental organizations. Environmental problem varies depending on the local characteristics, and thus environmental education should be carried out locally at the network center for environmental education. Besides, local self-governing bodies should support it administratively and financially.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2011

This study examines the influences of correlated color temperature and illuminance on visual perception and temporary mood sensation in a small office. Field measurements and surveys were conducted in a full-scale mock-up model. Twenty subjects participated in the survey under six lighting conditions formed by three color temperature and two illuminance levels. Results indicate that 4000 K color temperature was effective to mitigate glare sensation from light source. Lamps with low color temperature such as 2700 K was not recommended for office lighting since they are likely to caused glare and visual discomfort. Preferred color temperature was 4000 K and 6500 K for 750 lx and 500 lx target illuminance respectively. The increase of illuminance was not an effective contributor to improve mood perception. The illuminance should be lower than 500 lx to achieve good mood, but the illuminance level in office space should be considered with visual performance simultaneously. This study suggests that fluorescent lighting fixtures with 4000 K lamps would be usefully used for office lighting since they formed friendly conditions for better visual performance.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2014

Han-ok has been forgotten by rapid industrialization, however, recent interest in Korean traditional culture and eco friendly architecture are increasing. Government is also processing various policies and research in Han-ok for historical reasons. Still Han-ok is considered as temporary discover stage not daily space. Moreover, previous weakness of Han-ok made it difficult to supply. There is a need to build new Han-ok style public buildings different from traditional or new Han-ok for revitalization of Han-ok. Moreover, development of new Han-ok style public buildings model are needed for the public which include updated concept and function. From public buildings model development and supply people can visit and explore Han-ok. Therefore Han-ok tradition can be modernized. In addition to this Korean traditional culture and mode of living can be developed and conserved. This research focuses on public buildings of Han-ok supplication and aims design elements and regional trend.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.81-89
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• 2006

A down construction method is frequently used in these days to reduce popular discontent and to assure sufficient working space at early stage in downtown area. There are two main problems in the existing down construction method. One is a confliction between frame works and excavation works, and the other is a cold joint in retaining wall which is unavoidable due to a sequence of concrete placement and induces a water leakage. Therefore, a new method is needed to overcome these problems. The CWS (buried wale Continuous Wall System) method was developed by authors. By replacing RC perimeter beam with embedded steel wale, the steel frame works of substructure can be simplified and the water leakage can be prevented using continuous retaining wall. Consequently, the improved qualify and reduction of construction period can be obtained from CWS method.