• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2008

In this paper, we propose a distributed multi-view video coding method employing illumination compensation for multi-view video coding. Distributed multi-view video coding (DMVC) methods can be classified either into a temporal or an inter-view interpolation-based ones according to ways to generate side information. DMVC with inter-view interpolation utilizes characteristics of multi-view videos to improve coding efficiency of the DMVC by using side information based on the inter-view interpolation. However, mismatch of camera parameters and illumination change between two views could bring about inaccurate side information generation. In this paper, a modified distributed multi-view coding method is presented by applying illumination compensation in generating the side information. In the proposed encoder system, in addition to parity bits for AC coefficients, DC coefficients are transmitted as well to the decoder side. By doing so, the decoder can generate more accurate side information by compensating illumination changes with the transmitted DC coefficients. We found that the proposed algorithm is $0.1{\sim}0.2\;dB$ better than the conventional algorithm that does not make use of illumination compensation.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.25-35
• /
• 2010

The periodic application effects of two different herbicides on soil physical properties were observed in a slightly hilly orchard of pear tree located on the southestern flank of the Palbong Mountain in Gongju Chungnam : (1) bare surface vegetation; (2) glyphosate-treated plot; (3) paraquat-treated plot. The slope of experimental plots ranged from 5.5%to 10.2%at an altitude of 125 mand 896 $m^2$ ($28m{\times}32m$) in area. The total respective rainfall events were 47, 52, 52 times during experimental period from 2006 to 2008, while approximately 65 percent of daily rainfall intensity from2006 to 2008 was less than 20 mm a day. The organic matter contents on the surface 15 cm soil ranging from1.23%to 1.84%in 2006 were changed into from1.35 %to 2.28%in 2008 in the order of control > glyphosate > paraquat > bare plot in 2008, indicating that the herbicide treatment influenced the accumulation organic matter in soil. The changes in soil particle contents showed that the loss of soil particles in top 5 cm soil depth was greater in a bare soil than in other treatments such as control, glyphosate, and paraquat-treated plot. The net changes in the bulk densities showed that there were little variations between May of 2006 and Nov. of 2008 even though there were some losses of the soil particles. The soil strength of the glyphosate-treated bare plots was much greater than those of other plots such as control, glyphosate, and paraquat plots. However the soil strengths in control plots were lower than those in the plots of glyphosate and paraquat treated ones.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.113.1-113.1
• /
• 2012

The characteristics of Doppler shifts in a quiet region of the Sun are investigated by comparing between the $H{\alpha}$ line and the Caii infrared line at 854.2 nm. A small area of $16^{\prime\prime}{\times}40^{\prime\prime}$ was observed for about half an hour with the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) of the 1.6 meter New Solar Telescope (NST) at Big Bear Solar Observatory. The observed area contains a network region and an internetwork region, and identified in the network region are $H{\alpha}$ fibrils, Caii fibrils and bright points. We infer the Doppler velocity from each line profile at a point with the lambdameter method as a function of half wavelength separation ${\Delta}{\lambda}$. It is confirmed that the bisector of the spatially-averaged Caii line profile has an inverse C-shape of with a significant peak redshift of +1.8 km/s. In contrast, the bisector of the spatially-averaged $H{\alpha}$ line profile has a different shape; it is almost vertically straight or, if not, has a C-shape with a small peak blueshift of -0.5 km/s. In both the lines, the bisectors of bright network points are much different from those of other features in that they are significantly redshifted not only at the line centers, but also at the wings. We also find that the spatio-temporal fluctuation of Doppler shift inferred from the Caii line is correlated with those of the $H{\alpha}$ line. The strongest correlation occurs in the internework region, and when the inner wings rather than the line centers are used to determine Doppler shift. In this region, the RMS value of Doppler shift fluctuation is the largest at the line center, and monotonically decreases with ${\Delta}{\lambda}$. We discuss the physical implications of our results on the formation of the $H{\alpha}$ line and Caii 854.2 nm line in the quiet region chromosphere.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.53 no.11
• /
• pp.985-997
• /
• 2020

SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool)-MODFLOW (Modular Groundwater Flow) is a coupled model that linking semi-distributed watershed hydrology with fully-distributed groundwater behavior. In this study, the groundwater simulation results of SWAT and SWAT-MODFLOW were compared for Bokhacheon watershed in Namhan river basin. The models were calibrated and validated with 9 years (2009~2017) daily streamflow (Q) data of Heungcheon (HC) water level gauge station and the daily groundwater level observation data of Yulheon (YH). For SWAT, the groundwater parameters of GW_DELAY, GWQMN, and ALPHA_BF affecting baseflow and recession phase were treated. The SWAT results showed the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.7 and Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiencies (NES_Q, NSE_inQ) for Q and 1/Q with 0.73 and -0.1 respectively. For SWAT-MODFLOW, the spatio-temporal aquifer hydraulic conductivity (K, m/day), specific storage (S_s, 1/m), and specific yield (S_y) were applied. The SWAT-MODFLOW showed R², NSE_Q, and NSE_inQ of 0.69, 0.74, and 0.51 respectively. The SWAT-MODFLOW considerably enhanced the low flow simulation with the help of aquifer physical information. The total streamflow of SWAT and SWAT-MODFLOW were 718.6 mm and 854.9 mm occupying baseflow of 342.9 mm and 423.5 mm respectively.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.33-48
• /
• 2009

Capsule endoscopy is one of the most remarkable inventions in last ten years. Causing less pain for patients, diagnosis for entire digestive system has been considered as a most convenience method over a normal endoscope. However, it is known that the diagnosis process typically requires very long inspection time for clinical experts because of considerably many duplicate images of same areas in human digestive system due to uncontrollable movement of a capsule endoscope. In this paper, we propose a method for clinical diagnosticians to get highly valuable information from capsule-endoscopy video. Our software system consists of three global maps, such as movement map, characteristic map, and brightness map, in temporal domain for entire sequence of the input video. The movement map can be used for effectively removing duplicated adjacent images. The characteristic and brightness maps provide frame content analyses that can be quickly used for segmenting regions or locating some features(such as blood) in the stream. Our experiments show the results of four patients having different health conditions. The result maps clearly capture the movements and characteristics from the image frames. Our method may help the diagnosticians quickly search the locations of lesion, bleeding, or some other interesting areas.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.1066-1072
• /
• 2011

In the method to analyze the relationship in the system call orders, the normal system call orders are divided into a certain size of system call orders to generates gene and use them as the detectors. In the method to consider the system call parameters, the mean and standard deviation of the parameter lengths are used as the detectors. The attack of which system call order is normal but the parameter values are changed, such as the format string attack, cannot be detected by the method that considers only the system call orders, whereas the model that considers only the system call parameters has the drawback of high positive defect rate because of the information obtained from the interval where the attack has not been initiated, since the parameters are considered individually. To solve these problems, it is necessary to develop a more efficient learning and detecting method that groups the continuous system call orders and parameters as the approach that considers various characteristics of system call related to attacking simultaneously. In this article, we detected the anomaly of the system call orders and parameters by applying the temporal concept to the system call orders and parameters in order to improve the rate of positive defect, that is, the misjudgment of anomaly as normality. The result of the experiment where the DARPA data set was employed showed that the proposed method improved the positive defect rate by 13% in the system call order model where time was considered in comparison with that of the model where time was not considered.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.33 no.11
• /
• pp.790-796
• /
• 2011

In this study, we measured the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Shiwha area by using active and passive sampler. We did a comparative analysis of the characteristics of the active sampler and passive sampler. In the case of the passive sampler, the average TVOC concentration of the industrial area was 1.86 times higher than that of the residential area. In the case of the active sampler, the average TVOC concentration of the industrial area was 1.07 times higher than that of the residential area. When using the passive sampler, the concentration of VOCs in the industrial area was noted to be higher than the concentration found in the residential area. However, when we used the thermal desorption tube, the concentration of residential area was higher rather than that of industrial area in some substances such as trichloroethylene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. Toluene was a larger percentage of the overall BTEX ratio. In case of the passive sampler, the relative ratio of toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene was higher in the industrial area than in the residential area. In contrast in case of the thermal desorption tube, the ratio of these substances was higher in the residential area rather than in the industrial area. The passive sampling in this study showed an appropriate method to analyze the temporal and spatial concentrations of air contaminants. This assessment would prove to be useful for its observance of standards or epidemical study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.412-420
• /
• 2014

Water quality variations were investigated at 4 locations of Jungrang river (upper, middle and lower basins) during a period of 3 rainfall events. During the rainfall, concentrations of $COD_{Mn}$, SS and $BOD_5$ significantly increased, while the concentration of T-N decreased and that of T-P remained relatively constant. This pattern became more apparent as the level of accumulative precipitation and rainfall intensity increased. Simple regression analysis showed that the accumulative precipitation was positively correlated with all water quality pollutants except for T-N. With increasing accumulative precipitation, the concentration of T-N decreased, while the others increased. $R^2$ of simple regressions of hourly average rainfall intensity and water quality pollutants, showed wider range of variation ranged from 0.483 to 0.992, which indicated a strong correlation. The stronger the hourly average rainfall intensity, the more T-N and T-P in the upper basin, more $COD_{Mn}$ in the middle and lower basins, more SS with gradual increase from upper to lower areas, and more $BOD_5$ with gradual decrease from upper to lower region. Simple regression showed that water quality pollution in the upper basin was more sensitive to an increase of rainfall discharge than that in the middle and lower areas.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.1085-1095
• /
• 2019

In this paper, we perform a subjective quality assessment on low-resolution surveillance videos, which are encoded with a very low target bit-rate to use in an ultra-low band transmission system and investigate the encoding effects on the perceived video quality. The test videos are collected based on their spatial and temporal characteristics which affect the perceived quality. H.265/HEVC encoder is used to prepare the impaired sequences for three target bit-rates 20, 45, and 65 kbps and subjective quality assessment is conducted to evaluate the quality from a viewing distance of 3H. The experimental results show that the quality of encoded videos, even at target bit-rate of 45 kbps can satisfy the users. Also we compare objective image/video quality assessment methods on the proposed dataset to measure their correlation with subjective scores. The experimental results show that the existing methods poorly performed, that indicates the need for a better quality assessment method.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.8
• /
• pp.304-316
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify the components of the adaptation experiences and factors that help male nurses adapt to clinical nursing settings. The participants were eight male nurses working at general hospitals. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed using Giorgi's phenomenological analysis methods. The core components of the adaptation experiences of the participants in clinical nursing settings were summarized as 'dedication to work', 'challenges in reality that are different from expectations', 'establishing a professional identity', and 'self-development for the future'. The relationships between these components showed causative, accelerative, and recursive characteristics. The adaptation process was structured in the temporal context. In order for male nurses to adapt well to clinical nursing settings, policy efforts should be made to improve their working conditions and resolve inequalities, such as granting equal opportunities for promotion regardless of sex. In addition, it is essential for male nurses to have sufficient internal control for them to make self-directed efforts to strengthen their willpower and self-development efforts to facilitate their adaptation. This study suggests that developing suitable strategies and policy efforts based on the results is required to assist male nurses in adapting to clinical nursing settings.