• 대한화학회지
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.995-1002
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• 1993

TMA와 $NH_3$와의 기상 열분해 반응을 in-situ FTIR 분광법으로 관찰하였다. 사용한 spectroscopic reaction cell은 stainless-steel제로 자체 제작한 hexagonal-port chamber로서 2개의 NaCl window를 평행하게 설치하여 1100$^{\circ}C$까지 가열할 수 있으며 또한 이와 같은 높은 온도에서 분광분석이 가능하였다. TMA와 $NH_3$는 혼합 즉시 반응하여 TMA:$NH_3$adduct를 생성하였으며, 500$^{\circ}C$에서그 adduct가 완전분해됨을 FTIR로 확인하였다. TMA와 TMA:$NH_3$adduct의 열분해는 주생성물로$CH_4$을 방출하였다. 기상의 TMA,$NH_3$ 및 TMA:$NH_3$ adduct에 대하여 상온에서 관찰한 IR band들은 문헌값과 대조하여 assign하였다. TMA의 열분해에 대한 kinetic data로부터 이 반응이 1차식으로 일어남을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1-21
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• 1995

여름 몬순 강우가 대조적이었던 1993년과 1994년의 동아시아 여름 몬순의 특성이 조사되 었다. 동아시아 지여에서의 몬순 특징을 조사하기 위해, GMS 구름양, 지표 조건인 해면 온도 그 리고 여름 강우량이 분석되었으며, 위도/경도 2도 격자의 5일 평균 GMS 상층 운량의 분석을 통 해 대류 활동의 자세한 이동과 지속성에 대한 1993년과 1994년의 특성이 비교되어 논의되었다. 몬순 구름의 이동과 발전에 대한 계절안 진동의 공간 및 시간 구조를 묘사하기 위해 20일의 창 의 크기로 구성된 확장.경험적 직교 함수 분석이 각 해에 대해 수행되었다. 또한 적도 대류체의 주기성을 찾기 위해 퓨리에 조화 분석이 각 해에 적용되었다. 계절안 진동은 61일과 15일 모드가 적도 및 아열대에서 가장 탁월하였다. 그러나 이 탁월 모드 들은 적도 서 태평양과 인도양에서 각 해마다 다르게 나타났다. 그러므로 대조적인 동아시아 몬 순 강우는 저위도 해역에서의 대류 활동의 계절안 진동 및 계절 변화의 상호 작용과 더 근원적으 로 관련되어 있을 것으로 본다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제34권6_1호
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• pp.1101-1117
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• 2018

청천복사휘도는 히마와리-8호 정지궤도 기상위성에서 제공되는 주요 산출물 중의 하나로서, 자료동화 과정을 통해 수치예보 정확도 향상에 기여한다. 특히, 청천복사휘도는 대기운동벡터와 함께 대기 상층에서 자료동화의 효과를 보인다. 본 연구에서는 히마와리-8호 청천복사휘도의 편차 특성 분석과 평가를 통해 자료를 활용하는 사용자에게 정보를 제공해주고, 효과적으로 자료를 사용할 수 있도록 수치예보모델자료를 활용한 편차와 불확실성을 계산하였다. 일본 기상청에서 제공되는 청천복사휘도를 관측 자료로 사용하였고, 17 km 공간해상도의 기상청 전구 모델 Unified Model(UM) 자료와 복사전달모델 RTTOV-v11.2를 이용하여 청천복사휘도를 모의하였다. 먼저, 관측자료의 특성을 파악하고 관측자료와 모의된 청천복사휘도의 채널별 편차특성을 분석하였다. 전반적인 결과는 히마와리-8호 위성의 세 개의 수증기 채널(6.2, 6.9, $7.3{\mu}m$)에서는 양의 편차를 보인 반면에 대기창 적외 채널(10.4, 11.2, $12.4{\mu}m$)에서는 음의 편차를 보였다. 또한 분석결과는 계절과 영역에 따라 상이하게 나타났으며, 특히 사막이나 고지대 지역의 편차 특성이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 이를 통해 청천복사자료를 활용할 때 시공간적인 특성을 고려해야 함을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 히마와리-8호 AHI의 청천복사휘도를 자료동화 할 때 전처리 과정에서 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 2018년에 발사된 천리안-2A호의 산출물 활용에도 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제66권3호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2022

본 연구그룹에서는 투명 전도성 기판이 필요 없는 광감응형 전기변색 소자를 개발하였다. 이전의 연구에서 백금 촉매 적용에 의한 빠른 착색 및 탈색을 확인하였고, 저온소성형 WO₃졸과 TiO₂ 졸을 적용하여 플렉시블 필름형 소자를 구현하였으나, 이러한 소자가 4~5 시간 동안 태양광에 노출될 경우 과착색 되어 암막상태에서도 탈색이 되지 않는 현상을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 과착색 현상을 해결하기 위하여 광감응형 전기변색 소자의 전해질에(4-Hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPOL)을 첨가하였다. TEMPOL을 첨가제로 사용한 광감응형 전기변색 소자의 경우 4시간 이상 햇빛에 노출되어도 과착색이 되지 않고, 가역성이 크게 향상되는 것을 확인하였다. 다양한 농도의 TEMPOL을 적용하여 가시광 투과율 변화 및 착/탈색 속도를 비교하였고, 에너지 레벨 관점에서 가능한 TEMPOL의 과착색 방지 메커니즘을 제시하였다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.327-340
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• 2017

This article reviews the papers published in the Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering during 2016. It is intended to understand the status of current research in the areas of heating, cooling, ventilation, sanitation, and indoor environments of buildings and plant facilities. Conclusions are as follows. (1) The research works on the thermal and fluid engineering have been reviewed as groups of flow, heat and mass transfer, the reduction of pollutant exhaust gas, cooling and heating, the renewable energy system and the flow around buildings. CFD schemes were used more for all research areas. (2) Research works on heat transfer area have been reviewed in the categories of heat transfer characteristics, pool boiling and condensing heat transfer and industrial heat exchangers. Researches on heat transfer characteristics included the results of the long-term performance variation of the plate-type enthalpy exchange element made of paper, design optimization of an extruded-type cooling structure for reducing the weight of LED street lights, and hot plate welding of thermoplastic elastomer packing. In the area of pool boiling and condensing, the heat transfer characteristics of a finned-tube heat exchanger in a PCM (phase change material) thermal energy storage system, influence of flow boiling heat transfer on fouling phenomenon in nanofluids, and PCM at the simultaneous charging and discharging condition were studied. In the area of industrial heat exchangers, one-dimensional flow network model and porous-media model, and R245fa in a plate-shell heat exchanger were studied. (3) Various studies were published in the categories of refrigeration cycle, alternative refrigeration/energy system, system control. In the refrigeration cycle category, subjects include mobile cold storage heat exchanger, compressor reliability, indirect refrigeration system with $CO_2$ as secondary fluid, heat pump for fuel-cell vehicle, heat recovery from hybrid drier and heat exchangers with two-port and flat tubes. In the alternative refrigeration/energy system category, subjects include membrane module for dehumidification refrigeration, desiccant-assisted low-temperature drying, regenerative evaporative cooler and ejector-assisted multi-stage evaporation. In the system control category, subjects include multi-refrigeration system control, emergency cooling of data center and variable-speed compressor control. (4) In building mechanical system research fields, fifteenth studies were reported for achieving effective design of the mechanical systems, and also for maximizing the energy efficiency of buildings. The topics of the studies included energy performance, HVAC system, ventilation, renewable energies, etc. Proposed designs, performance tests using numerical methods and experiments provide useful information and key data which could be help for improving the energy efficiency of the buildings. (5) The field of architectural environment was mostly focused on indoor environment and building energy. The main researches of indoor environment were related to the analyses of indoor thermal environments controlled by portable cooler, the effects of outdoor wind pressure in airflow at high-rise buildings, window air tightness related to the filling piece shapes, stack effect in core type's office building and the development of a movable drawer-type light shelf with adjustable depth of the reflector. The subjects of building energy were worked on the energy consumption analysis in office building, the prediction of exit air temperature of horizontal geothermal heat exchanger, LS-SVM based modeling of hot water supply load for district heating system, the energy saving effect of ERV system using night purge control method and the effect of strengthened insulation level to the building heating and cooling load.

• 생태와환경
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.201-213
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 북한강 상류 지역인 소양강댐 유역에 BASINS/WinHSPF모델을 적용하였다. WinHSPF는 도시와 농촌지역 등이 혼재된 토지이용형태를 보이는 유역에 적용하기 적합한 모델로서, 산림이 대부분인 소양강댐 유역의 유출량 및 수질을 모의하고, 유역의 오염부하량을 분석하였다. 또한, 유역관리를 위해 인공습지와 저류지를 설치하였을 경우 WinHSPF의 Best Management Practice Evaluation(BMPRAC)을 통한 오염부하 삭감량을 산정하였다. WinHSPF 모델을 이용하여 유출량은 2000년부터 2004년까지, 수질 항목은 1990년부터 2004년가지 모의하였다. 모델 보정 결과 유량의 변화는 인북천, 북천, 내린천 세 곳 모두 강수량의 변화와 일치하여 변화하는 경향을 나타내고 있었고 모의치가 실측치를 대체적으로 잘 반영하였지만 유출량이 피크인 경우에 실측지에 비해 과소평가 되는 경향을 나타내었다. 이는 각 소유역에서 발생하는 강우량을 이용하여 모델을 구동한 것이 아니고, 일부 국한된 기상관측소의 자료만을 이용하였기 때문에 지역적인 차이가 나타났거나, 수위-유량 곡선을 통해 유출량을 산정하는 과정에서 수위가 높은 시기에 유량이 과도하게 계산된 경우가 있기 때문이라 판단된다. 수질항목은 온도, DO, BOD의 경우 예측값이 연중 수질변화패턴을 잘 반영하였다. TN과 TP는 모의치가 다소 과대, 과소평가되는 경향이 있었는데, 향후 보다 효율적인 유역관리를 위한 모델의 활용을 위해서는 정확하고 자세한 기상자료와 수문자료가 뒷받침되어야 하며, 실측지점의 특성을 대표할 수 있는 수질 및 유출량 측정이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 2000년부터 2004년가지 소양강댐 유역의 오염부하량은 강우량이 가장 논은 2003년에 BOD, TN, TP가 각각 4,109,674 kg $yr^{-1}$, 6,457,315 kg $yr^{-1}$, 104,186 kg $yr^{-1}$로 가장 높게 나타났다. 월별 부하량은 7월부터 9월에 배출되는 양이 BOD는 약 63.5%, TN 약 64.1%, TP는 약 64.4%를 차지하여, 강우 시 유출량이 증가하면 부하량도 비례하여 증가는 것으로, 강우 유출량에 많은 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 인북천, 북천, 내린천, 소양강 유역에서 BOD, TN, TP의 오염부하량은 약 98% 이상이 비점오염원으로부터 발생하는 것으로 분석되었는데, 이는 유역의 대부분이 산지와 농경지로서 산업시설과 같은 점오염원이 적고,강우 시 산림지역 및 농경지에서 많은 양의 비점오염원이 발생하기 때문으로 판단된다. WinHSPF모델의 BMPRAC를 이용하여 Scenario를 적용한 결과 부하량 삭감율은 저류지를 설치한 scenario 2가 가장 많이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 강우기(7${\sim}$9월)의 부하량 삭감율은 BOD의 경우 Scenario 1-1(처리용량 1,500 $m^3$ $day^{-1}$인 인공습지), scenario 1-2 (처리용량 1,000 $m^3$ $day^{-1}$인 인공습지), scenario 2(면적 4.2ha인 저류지)가 각각 연평균 6.9%, 4.8%, 7.1%의 감소를 보였다. TN은 4.7%, 3.4%, 13.4%의 삭감율을 나타내었으며, TP는 5.6%, 3.9%, 7.3%의 삭감율을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 적용하지 못하였으나, 인공습지와 저류지의 적절한 연계시스템을 적용한다면 저감시설 설치 부지면적과 비용의 감소뿐만 아니라 보다 효과적인 수질개선효과를 가져올 수 있으리라 판단된다.

• 대기
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.229-240
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 기상청에서 2018년부터 운영 중인 전지구 해양자료동화시스템 GODAPS에 대하여 소개하였으며, 2015년 2월부터 2016년 1월까지 일년간의 실험 수행을 통한 결과를 분석하여 이 시스템의 특성을 살펴보았다. GODAPS는 크게 해양-해빙 모델과 3차원 변분법 기반의 자료동화 시스템으로 구성되어 있고, 전지구적으로 수집된 현장 및 위성 관측자료를 자료동화하여 매일 1회 분석장과 예측장을 생산한다. 이때 해수면온도, 수온과 염분 프로파일, 해수면고도 변이, 그리고 해빙농도 관측자료를 자료동화한다. 분석증분 및 배경장/분석장으로부터의 관측증분에 대한 분석, 자료동화를 적용하지 않은 실험과의 비교 등을 통해 GODAPS 자료동화 결과를 비교검증하였다. 자료동화는 관측자료들을 효과적으로 활용하고 있었으며, 전지구 규모에서 편차를 줄인 분석장과 예측장을 생산하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이외에도, 변동성이 강한 중위도 해역의 쿠로시오와 걸프만 해류의 중규모 현상을 재현하는데 있어서도 결정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인하였다. 해양초기장을 향상시키기 위해서는 모델과 자료동화 기술의 개발과 더불어, 다양한 관측자료를 활용하는 것이 중요하다. 하지만, 현업에서 활용할 수 있는 해양관측자료는 한계가 있으며, 따라서 가용한 자료를 자료동화 과정에 포함시키는 노력이 요구된다. 수온에 비해 염분의 경우 상대적으로 관측자료가 부족한데, 최근에는 SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) 등 인공위성을 활용한 표층 염분자료가 제공되고 있으며, 기상청에서도 자료동화 과정에 독립적인 위성 염분자료를 활용한 분석장 검증 및 자료동화에 직접적용하는 연구를 추진하고 있다. 특히, 표층 염분의 자료동화를 통해 열대해역의 혼합층 깊이가 개선되고, 결과적으로 기후예측성을 향상시키는 연구결과(Hackert et al., 2020) 등을 고려할 때, 향후 위성관측 표층염분의 자료동화는 기후예측 분야에 있어서 점차 중요해질 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구의 실험결과에서도 GODAPS의 염분 관측증분 오차가 표층에서 상대적으로 크게 나타나고 있어, 해양초기장의 정확성을 높이고 나아가 기후예측성을 높이는데 위성 염분자료가 효과적으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제66권4호
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• pp.392-402
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• 2021

본 연구는 남부지역 논 토양에서 옥수수(사료용 및 간식용) 재배 시 경운방법과 파종시기의 차이가 작물의 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향을 구명하고, 여름 재배기간을 거친 후 겨울 소득작물인 양파에 미치는 영향을 구명하여 전·후작물 모두 적절한 수량을 얻을 수 있는 경운방법과 파종시기 및 파종한계기를 구명하고자 실시하였다. 1. 옥수수의 경우 경운처리에 따라서는 생육 및 수량에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 파종시기에 따라서는 광평옥, 일미찰 모두 파종시기가 늦을수록 생육이 저조하였고 착수고의 경우 생육의 차이에 의해 7월 15일 파종 처리구가 비교적 낮았다. LAI의 경우 광평옥은 7월 3일, 7월 15일 파종 처리구에서 초기 생육기 온도가 높음에 따라 엽의 발달이 빨랐고 시간이 경과됨에 따라서 유의한 차이는 없어졌다. 일미찰의 경우는 파종시기에 따라 LAI에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 일미찰은 습해에 약한 품종으로 7월 3일, 7월 15일 파종 처리구는 생육 초기 고온임에도 불구하고 장마에 의한 과습의 피해로 엽의 발달에 차이가 없었다. 2. 광평옥 수량구성요소의 경우 파종시기가 늦을수록 이삭 장 및 단위면적당 이삭수가 적었고, 이삭 및 간엽의 건물수량과 TDN도 낮았다. 일미찰 또한 수량구성요소 및 수량이 파종시기가 늦을수록 낮게 나타났다. 3. 본 실험에서 실시된 심경처리의 경우 옥수수의 생육에는 크게 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 파종시기에 따라서는 파종이 지연됨에 따라 특히 7월 15일 파종 처리구에서 옥수수의 생육 및 수량이 부진하였으므로 파종시기는 7월 3일 파종 처리구와 시기가 비슷한 7월 초까지가 적절할 것으로 판단된다. 4. 양파의 경우 여름작물인 옥수수에 실시된 경운방법 및 파종시기 처리에 따라 생육 및 수량에 유의한 차이가 없었으며 양호한 생육과 수량을 보였다. 이는 2019년도 여름 재배기간을 거치고 겨울작물 재배 준비를 위한 포장정지작업이 이루어짐에 따라 양파 파종까지 4개월 이상이 경과되어 경운 및 파종시기 처리의 효과가 상쇄되어 양파의 생육에 영향이 없었던 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 미국에서 개발되어 IBSNAT(International Benchmark Site Network for Agrotechnology Transfer) 사업에 의해 국제적으로 널리 보급된 DSSAT 패키지(CERES-Rice 모형)의 최근 윈도우 버전(DSSAT v4)을 국내에 도입하여, 우리나라 벼 품종과 기상요소, 그리고 국립농업과학원의 정밀농업토양자료 등을 적용하여, 출수생태형별 품종유전모수를 추정한 후, GCM 기후시나리오에 따른 벼 생육 및 생산량의 변동을 시뮬레이션 방법으로 평가하였다. 온도가 상승함에 따라 출수 기간은 단축하는 것으로 조사되었다. 온도가 $2^{\circ}C$ 상승하였을 때는 7~8일 단축되는 것으로 모의되었고, $5.2^{\circ}C$ 상승하는 UKMO 기후시나리오를 적용하면 최대 16~18일 단축되는 것으로 추정되었다. 출수 기간은 출수생태형의 구분 없이 온도 상승에 따라 비슷하게 단축되는 것으로 분석되었지만, 벼 등숙 기간의 변화는 출수생태형에 따라 다른 경향을 나타내었다. 즉, 생육 기간이 길은 중만생종의 출수 기간은 온도 상승 정도에 따라 14~18일 짧아졌는데 반하여, 생육 기간이 짧은 조생종의 경우에는 1~3일 짧아져, 단축 정도가 상대적으로 적은 것으로 조사되었다. 온도가 30년 평년 기후(1971~2000년)보다 $2^{\circ}C$와 $3^{\circ}C$ 상승하는 조건에서, 전국적인 평균 벼 수량은 평년 기후에 의해 추정된 것보다 각각 4.5%와 8.2% 감소하는 것으로 전망되었고, $CO_2$ 배증에 따라 온도 상승을 가장 높게 예측하는 UKMO 전지구 기후변화모델을 적용하여, 전국적으로 벼 수량을 모의하였을 때는 평년기후에 적용하여 추정한 수량보다 전국 평균 14.9% 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 온난화로 인한 등숙 기간의 단축뿐 아니라 고온에서의 임실율 저하, 그리고 야간고온에 의한 호흡손실 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 지역별 정밀농업기후 추정과 이에 근거한 최적 품종의 선택, 이앙기 및 수확기 등 생육 기간의 조절 등 온난화 대응기술의 개발이 필요하다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1985

The wall shear stress in the vicinity of end-to end anastomoses under steady flow conditions was measured using a flush-mounted hot-film anemometer(FMHFA) probe. The experimental measurements were in good agreement with numerical results except in flow with low Reynolds numbers. The wall shear stress increased proximal to the anastomosis in flow from the Penrose tubing (simulating an artery) to the PTFE: graft. In flow from the PTFE graft to the Penrose tubing, low wall shear stress was observed distal to the anastomosis. Abnormal distributions of wall shear stress in the vicinity of the anastomosis, resulting from the compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery, might be an important factor of ANFH formation and the graft failure. The present study suggests a correlation between regions of the low wall shear stress and the development of anastomotic neointimal fibrous hyperplasia(ANPH) in end-to-end anastomoses. 30523 T00401030523 ^x Air pressure decay(APD) rate and ultrafiltration rate(UFR) tests were performed on new and saline rinsed dialyzers as well as those roused in patients several times. C-DAK 4000 (Cordis Dow) and CF IS-11 (Baxter Travenol) reused dialyzers obtained from the dialysis clinic were used in the present study. The new dialyzers exhibited a relatively flat APD, whereas saline rinsed and reused dialyzers showed considerable amount of decay. C-DAH dialyzers had a larger APD(11.70$\pm$1.32mmHg/min)compared to CF dialyzers(4.32$\pm$0.55mmHg/min)(p<0.05). However, there was no observable difference in the UFR between the two dialyzers. Neither APD nor UFR showed any significant increase with an increasing number of reuses for up to more than 20reuses. A substantial number of failures observed in APD(larger than 20mmHe/min)on the reused dialyzers(2 out of 40 CP and S out 26 C-DAK) were attributed to the Possible damage on the fibers. The CF 15-11 HFDs which failed APD test did not show changes in the UFR compared to normal dialyzers indicating that APD is a more sensitive test than UFR test to evaluate the integrity of the fibers. 30527 T00401030527 ^x For quantitative measurement of reflected light from a clinical diagnostic strip, a prototype old reflectance photometer was designed. The strip loader and cassette were made to obtain more accurate reflectance parameters. The strip was illuminated at 45˚c through optical fiber and the intensity of reflected light was determined at rectanguLat angle using a photodiode. The kubelka-munk coefficient and reflection optical density were determined ar four different wavelengths(500, 550, 570 and 610nm) for blood glucose strip. For higher concentration than 300mg/41 about glucose, a saturation state of abforbance was observed at 500, 550 and 570nm. The correlation between glucose concentration and parameters was the best at 610nm. 30535 T00401030535 ^x Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma tumors were grown on the flanks of C3H mice. The mice were divided into two groups. One group was injected with Photofrin II, intravenously (2.5mg/kg body weight). The other group received no Photofrin II. Mice from both groups were irradialed for approximately 15 minutes at 100, 300, or 500 mW/cm2 with the argon (488nm/514.5 nm), dye(628nm) and gold vapor (pulsed 628 nm) laser light. A photosensitizer behaved as an added absorber. Under our experimental conditions, the presence of Photolfrin II increased surface temperature by at least 40% and the temperature rise due to 300 mW/cm2 irradiation exceeded values for hyperthermia. Light and temperature distributions with depth were estimated by a computer model. The model demonstrated the influence of wavelength on the thermal process and proved to be a valuable tool to investigate internal temperature rise. 30536 T00401030536 ^x We investigated the structural geometry of thirty-eight Korean femurs. The purpose of this study is to identify major geometrical differences between Korean femurs 3nd others that we believe belong to Caucasians so that we would be able to get insights into the femoral component design that fits Asians including Koreans. We utilized computerized tomography (CT) images of femurs extracted from cadavers. The CT images were transformed into bitmap data by using a film scanner, and then analyzed by using a commercially available software called Image v.1.0 and a Macintosh IIci computer.The resulting data were compared with already published data. The major results show that the geometry of the Korean femurs is significantly different from that of Caucasians: (1) the anteversion angle and the canal flare index are greater by the amount of approximately 8˚ and 0.5, respectively, (2) the shape of the isthmus cross section is more round, and (3) the distance between the teaser trochanter and the proximal border of the isthmus is shelter by about 15 mm. The results suggested that the femoral component suitable for Asians should be different from the currently-used components designed and manufactured mostly by European or American companies. 30537 T00401030537 ^x It is well known that nonlinear propagation characteristics of the wave in the tissue may give very useful information for the medical diagnoisis. In this paper, a new method to detect nonlinear propagation characteristics of the internal vibration in the tissue for the low frequency mechanical vibration by using bispectral analysis is proposed. In the method, low frequency vibration of f0( = 100Hz) is applied on the surface of the object, and the waveform of the internal vibration x (t) is measured from Doppler frequency modulation of silmultaneously transmitted probing ultrasonic waves. Then, the bispectra of the signal x (t) at the frequencies (f0, f0) and (f0, 2f0) are calculated to estimate the nonlinear propagation characteristics as their magnitude ratio, w here since bispectrum is free from the gaussian additive noise we can get the value with high S/N. Basic experimental system is constructed by using 3.0 MHz probing ultrasonic waves and the several experiments are carried out for some phantoms. Results show the superiority of the proposed method to the conventional method using power spectrum and also its usefulness for the tissue characterization. 30541 T00401030541 ^x This paper describes the implementation of a computerized radial pulse diagnosis by aids of a clinical expert. On this base, we composed of the radial pulse diagnosis system in korean traditional medicine. The system composed of a radial pulse wave detection system and a radial pulse diagnosis system. With a detection system, we detected Inyoung and Cheongu radial pulse wave and processed it. Then, we have got the characteristic parameters of radial pulse wave and also quantified that according to the method of Inyoung-Cheongu Comparison Radial Pulse Diagnosis. We defined the jugement standard of radial pulse diagnosis system and then we confirmed the possibility for realization of automatic radial pulse diagnosis in korean traditional medicine. 30545 T00401030545 ^x Microspheres are expected to be applied to biomedical areas such as solid-phase immunoassays, drug delivery systems, immunomagnetic cell separation. To synthesize microspheres for biomedical application, "two stage shot growth method" was developed. The uniformity ratio of synthesized microspheres was always smaller than 1.05. And the surface charge density (or the number of ionizable functional groups) of the microspheres synthesized by "two stage shot growth method" was 6~13 times higher than that of the microspheres synthesized by conventional seeded batch copolymerization. As a previous step for biomedical application, adsorption experiments of bovine albumin on microspheres were carried out under various conditions. The maximum adsorbed amount was obtained in the neighborhood of pH 4.5. Isoelectric point of bovine albumin is pH 5.0, so experimental result shows that it shifted to acid area. The adsorption isotherm was obtained, the plateau region was always reached at 2.Og/L (bulk concentration of bovine albumin).The effect of the kind and the amount of surface functional group was also examined. 30575 T00401030575 ^x A medical image workstation was developed using multimedia technique. The system based on PC-486DX was designed to acquire medical images produced by medical imaging instruments and related audio information, that is, doctors' reporting results. Input information was processed and analyzed, then the results were presented in the form of graph and animation. All the informations of the system were hierarchically related with the image as the apex. Processing and analysis algorithms were implemented so that the diagnostic accuracy could be improved. The diagnosed information can be transferred for patient diagnosis through LAN(local area network). 30592 T00401030592 ^x In the conventional infrared imaging system, complex infrared lens systems are usually used for directing collimated narrow infrared beams into the high speed 2-dimensional optic scanner. In this paper, a simple reflective infrared optic system with a 2-dimensional optic scanner is proposed for the realization of medical infrared thermography system. It has been experimentally proven that the intfrared thermography system composed of the proposed optic system has the temperature resolution of 0.1˚c under the spatial resolution of lmrad, the image matrix size of 256 X 240, and tile imaging time of 4 seconds. 30593 T00401030593 ^x In this paper, MIIS (Medical Image Information System) has been designed and implemented using INGRES RDBMS, which is based on a client/server architecture. The implemented system allows users to register and retrieve patient information, medical images and diagnostic reports. It also provides the function to display these information on workstation windows simultaneously by using the designed menu-driven graphic user interface. The medical image compression/decompression techniques are implemented and integrated into the medical image database system for the efficient data storage and the fast access through the network. 30594 T00401030594 ^x In this paper, computerized BEAM was implemented for the space domain analysis of EEG. Trans-formation from temporal summation to two-dimensional mappings is formed by 4 nearest point inter-polaton method. Methods of representation of BEAM are two. One is dot density method which classify brain electrical potential 9 levels by dot density of gray levels and the other is colour method which classify brain electrical 12 levels by red-green colours. In this BEAM, instantaneous change and average energy distribution over any arbitrary time interval of brain electrical activity could be observed and analyzed easily. In the frequency domain, the distribution of energy spectrum of a special band can easily be distinguished normality and abnormality. 30608 T00401030608 ^x Laboratory information system (LIS) is a key tool to manage laboratory data in clinical pathology. Our department has developed an information system for routine hematology using down-sized computer system. We have used an IBM 486 compatible PC with 16MB main memory, 210 MB hard disk drive, 9 RS-232C port and 24 pin dot printer. The operating system and database management system were SCO UNIX and SCO foxbase, respectively. For program development, we used Xbase language provided by SCO foxbase. The C language was used for interface purpose. To make the system use friendly, pull-down menu was used. The system connected to our hospital information system via application program interface (API), so the information related to patient and request details is automatically transmitted to our computer. Our system interfaced with fwd complete blood count analyzers(Sysmex NE-8000 and Coulter STKS) for unidirectional data tansmission from analyzer to computer. The authors suggests that this system based on down-sized computer could provide a progressive approach to total LIS based on local area network, and the implemented system could serve as a model for other hospital's LIS for routine hematology. 30609 T00401030609 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. To use as the structural matrix of the composite, collagen was purified from human umbilical cord. The obtained collagen was treated by pepsin to remove telopeptides, and finally, the immune-free atelocollagen was produced: The cross linked atelocollagen was highly resistant to the collagenase induced collagenolysis. The cross linked collagen demonstrated an improved tensile strength. 30618 T00401030618 ^x This paper is a study on the design of adptive filter for QRS complex detection. We propose a simple adaptive algorithm to increase capability of noise cancelation in QRS complex detection with two stage adaptive filter. At the first stage, background noise is removed and at the next stage, only spectrum of QRS complex components is passed. Two adaptive filters can afford to keep track of the changes of both noise and QRS complex. Each adaptive filter consists of prediction error filter and FIR filter The impulse response of FIR filter uses coefficients of prediction error filter. The detection rates for 105 and 108 of MIT/BIH data base were 99.3% and 97.4% respectively. 30619 T00401030619 ^x To develop an artificial bone substitute that is gradually degraded and replaced by the regenerated natural bone, the authors designed and produced a composite that is consisted of calcium phosphate and collagen. Human umbilical cord origin pepsin treated type I atelocollagen was used as the structural matrix, by which sintered or non-sintered carbonate apatite was encapsulated to form an inorganic-organic composite. With cross linking atelocollagen by UV ray irradiation, the resistance to both compressive and tensile strength was increased. Collagen degradation by the collagenase induced collagenolysis was also decreased. 30620 T00401030620 ^x We have developed a monoleaflet polymer valve as an inexpensive and viable alternative, especially for short-term use in the ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. The frame and leaflet of the polymer valve were made from polyurethane, To evaluate the hemodynamic performance of the polymer valve a comparative study of flow dynamics past a polymer valve and a St. Jude Medical prosthetic valve under physiological pulsatile flow conditions in vitro was made. Comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure drop, regurgitation volume and maximum valve opening area. The polymer valve showed smaller regurgitation volume and transvalvular pressure drop compared to the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. The results showed that the functional characteristics of the polymer valve compared favorably with those of the mechanical valve at higher heart rate. 30621 T00401030621 ^x Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained. 30622 T00401030622 ^x N1 and N2 gross neural action potentials were measured from the round window of the guinea pig cochlea at the onset of the acoustic stimuli. N1-N2 audiograms were made by means of regulating stimulant intensities in order to produce constant N1-N2 potentials as criteria for different input tone pip frequencies. The lowest threshold was measured with an input tone pip I5 dB SPL in intensity and 12 KHz in frequency when the animal was in normal physiological condition. The procedure of experimental measurements is explained in detail. This experimental approach is very useful for the investigation of the Cochlear function. Both noN1inear and active functions of the Cochlea can be monitored by N1-N2 audiograms. 30623 T00401030623 ^x In electrical impedance tomography(EIT), we use boundary current and voltage measurements toprovide the information about the cross-sectional distribution of electrical impedance or resistivity. One of the major problems in EIT has been the inaccessibility of internal voltage or current data in finding the internal impedance values. We propose a new image reconstruction method using internal current density data measured by NMR. We obtained a two-dimensional current density distribution within a phantom by processing the real and imaginary MR images from a 4.77 NMR machine. We implemented a resistivity mage reconstruction algorithm using the finite element method and sensitivity matrix. We presented computer simulation results of the mage reconstruction algorithm and furture direction of the research. 30624 T00401030624 ^x A new method of digital image analysis technique for discrimination of cancer cell was presented in this paper. The object image was the Thyroid eland cells image that was diagnosed as normal and abnormal (two types of abnormal: follicular neoplastic cell, and papillary neoplastic cell), respectively. By using the proposed region segmentation algorithm, the cells were segmented into nucleus. The 16 feature parameters were used to calculate the features of each nucleus. A9 a consequence of using dominant feature parameters method proposed in this paper, discrimination rate of 91.11% was obtained for Thyroid Gland cells. 30625 T00401030625 ^x An electrical stimulator was designed to induce locomotion for paraplegic patients caused by central nervous system injury. Optimal stimulus parameters, which can minimize muscle fatigue and can achieve effective muscle contraction were determined in slow and fast muscles in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stimulus patterns of our stimulator were designed to simulate electromyographic activity monitored during locomotion of normal subjects. Muscle types of the lower extremity were classified according to their mechanical property of contraction, which are slow muscle (msoleus m.) and fast muscle (medial gastrocneminus m., rectus femoris m., vastus lateralis m.). Optimal parameters of electrical stimulation for slow muscles were 20 Hz, 0.2 ms square pulse. For fast muscle, 40 Hz, 0.3 ms square pulse was optimal to produce repeated contraction. Higher stimulus intensity was required when synergistic muscles were stimulated simultaneously than when they were stimulated individually. Electrical stimulation for each muscle was designed to generate bipedal locomotion, so that individual muscles alternate contraction and relaxation to simulate stance and swing phases. Portable electrical stimulator with 16 channels built in microprocessor was constructed and applied to paraplegic patients due to lumbar cord injury. The electrical stimulator restored partially gait function in paraplegic patients. 30626 T00401030626 ^x Two-Dimensional modelling of the Cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. The Laplace partial differential equation which represents the fluid mechanics of the Cochlea has been transformed into two-dimensional electrical transmission line. The procedure of this transformation is explained in detail. The comparison between one and two dimensional models is also presented. This electrical modelling of the basilar membrane (BM) is clearly useful for the next approach to the further. Development of active elements which are essential in the producing of the sharp tuning of the BM. This paper shows that two-dimension model is qualitatively better than one-dimensional model both in amplitude and phase responses of the BM displacement. The present model is only for frequency response. However because the model is electrical, the two-dimensional transmission line model can be extended to time response without any difficult. 30627 T00401030627 ^x A method has been proposed for the fully automatic detection of left ventricular endocardial boundary in 2D short axis echocardiogram using geometric model. The procedure has the following three distinct stages. First, the initial center is estimated by the initial center estimation algorithm which is applied to decimated image. Second, the center estimation algorithm is applied to original image and then best-fit elliptic model estimation is processed. Third, best-fit boundary is detected by the cost function which is based on the best-fit elliptic model. The proposed method shows effective result without manual intervention by a human operator. 30628 T00401030628 ^x The intelligent trajectory control method that controls moving direction and average velocity for a prosthetic arm is proposed by pattern recognition and force estimations using EMG signals. Also, we propose the real time trajectory planning method which generates continuous accelleration paths using 3 stage linear filters to minimize the impact to human body induced by arm motions and to reduce the muscle fatigue. We use combination of MLP and fuzzy filter for pattern recognition to estimate the direction of a muscle and Hogan's method for the force estimation. EMG signals are acquired by using a amputation simulator and 2 dimensional joystick motion. The simulation results of proposed prosthetic arm control system using the EMf signals show that the arm is effectively followed the desired trajectory depended on estimated force and direction of muscle movements. 30638 T00401030638 ^x A new neural network architecture for the recognition of patterns from images is proposed, which is partially based on the results of physiological studies. The proposed network is composed of multi-layers and the nerve cells in each layer are connected by spatial filters which approximate receptive fields in optic nerve fields. In the proposed method, patterns recognition for complicated images is carried out using global features as well as local features such as lines and end-points. A new generating method of matched filers representing global features is proposed in this network. 30659 T00401030659 ^x An implementation scheme of the magnetic nerve stimulator using a switching mode power supply is proposed. By using a switching mode power supply rather than a conventional linear power supply for charging high voltage capacitors, the weight and size of the magnetic nerve stimulator can be considerably reduced. Maximum output voltage of the developed magnetic nerve stimulator using the switching mode power supply is 3, 000 volts and switching time is about 100 msec. Experimental results or human nerve stimulations using the developed stimulator are presented. 30768 T00401030768 ^x In this paper, we describe the design methodology and specifications of the developed module-based bedside monitors for patient monitoring. The bedside monitor consists of a main unit and module cases with various parameter modules. The main unit includes a 12.1" TFT color LCD, a main CPU board, and peripherals such as a module controller, Ethernet LAN card, video card, rotate/push button controller, etc. The main unit can connect at maximum three module cases each of which can accommodate up to 7 parameter modules. They include the modules for electrocardiograph, respiration, invasive blood pressure, noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, and SpO2 with Plethysmograph.SpO2 with Plethysmograph.