• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.202-208
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• 2001

Under the constant daylength of 13 hours and growth temperatures of 15$^{\circ}C$ to 27$^{\circ}C$, the final number of loaves (FNL) on the main culm was constant as 15 regardless of temperature in rice variety 'Kwanganbyeo'. Leaf appearance rate (LAR) increased with rising temperature and decreased with phenological development. Threshold temperature (T$_{o}$) was not constant across growth stages, but increased with phenological development. Effective accumulated temperature (EAT), which is calculated by the summation of values subtracting T0 from daily mean temperature, is closely related with number of leaves appeared (LA). LA was fitted to bilinear, quadratic, power and logistic function of EAT. Among the functions, logistic function had the best fitness of which coefficient of determination was $R^2$=0.995. Therefore, LAR prediction model was established by differentiating this function in terms of time: (equation omitted). where dL/dt is LAR, T$_1$ is daily mean temperature, L is the number of leaves appeared, and a, b, and c are constants that were estimated as 41.8, 1098.38, and -0.9273, respectively. When predictions of LA were made by LAR prediction model using data independent of model establishment, the observed and predicted LA showed good agreement of $R^2$$\geq$0.99.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.127-141
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the effects of Gamichangbaek-san(Jiaweichangbai-san) on anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-febrile and immune response on the arthritis of carrageenan-induced animals. Methods and Materials : Rats were classified into control and sample groups which are 7 individuals each for the experiments about anti-inflammatory and anti-febrile. Each of the 7 mice were classified into normal, control, sample groups for the analgesic experiments. Gamichangbai-san(Jiaweichangbai-san) was administered to sample group and normal saline was administered to normal and control groups. Arthritis was induced by injection of 1% carrageenan $0.1m{\ell}$ and Gamichangbaek-san(Jiaweichangbai-san) was administered after 30 minutes. The change of edema in Carrageenan-induced Arthritic Rats' Paws was measured after 1 hour and 5 hours from the injection of carraqeenan with Plethysmometer(7150, UGO BASILE, ltaly) by Winter' method. WBC, Lymphocyte and ESR were measured by heart puncture and CD4+ T cell, CD8+ T cell and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio were measured from the spleen tissue. Writhing syndrom was measured with Tail flick unit(UGO BASILE, Italy) in the experiments conducted to check the analgesic activity. The temperature of the paws of carrageenan-induced arthritic rats was measured by Laser thermometer. Rectal temperature was measured by Yeast's method in anti-febrile experiments. Immune response was measured by CD4+, CD8+ T cell ratio and CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio. Results : 1. It was recognized that Gamichangbaek-san(Jiaweichangbai-san) decreased the increase rate of Paw Edema effectively with statistical significance. 2. It was recognized that Gamichangbaek-san(Jiaweichangbai-san) decreased WBC, Lymphocyte and ESR with statistically high significance. 3. It was recognized that Gamichangbaek-san(Jiaweichangbai-san) did not show significant analgesic effect, but the Pressure pain threshold of the paws was increased with statistical significance. 4. It was recognized that Gamichangbaek-san(Jiaweichangbai-san) decreased rectal temperature effectively and had an anti-febrile effect about the febrile of a joint with statistical significance. 5. It was recognized that Gamichangbaek-san(Jiaweichangbai-san) increased CD4+ T cell ratio with statistically high significance and increased CD+8 T cell ratio with statistical non significance but increased CD4+/CD8+ T cell ratio effectively with statistical significance, too. Conclusions : According to the above results, it can be concluded Gamichangbaek-san(Jiaweichangbai-san) showed the treatment effects on the artificial arthritis resulted from carageenan in rats and it is suggested that more interest and study in the security for the clinical use were needed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.556-564
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• 2008

Response surface methodology was used to monitor the optimization of fermentation conditions for red ginseng wine. A central composite design was applied to investigate the effects of independent variables, fermentation temperature ($X_1$), fermentation time ($X_2$) and initial pH ($X_3$) on dependent variables, physicochemical characteristics and effective ingredients. Alcohol and total sugar content were significantly affected both by fermentation temperature and time. Crude saponin content was greatly affected by fermentation time, and pH was significantly affected by initial pH. Fermentation time and initial pH had a greater effect on ginsenoside content than fermentation temperature. Ginsenoside content increased along with fermentation time and initial pH. We elicited a regression formula for each variable, and superimposed the total optimum points of fermentation conditions for physicochemical characteristics and the effective constituents. The predicted values at the optimum fermentation conditions were at $21{\sim}27^{\circ}C$ for $15{\sim}20$ day in initial pH $4.6{\sim}5.2$.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.75-83
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• 2003

Diode laser absorption system is advantageous of their non-invasive nature, fast response time, high sensitivity and real-time measurement capability. Furthermore, recent advances in room-temperature, near-IR and visible diode laser sources for telecommunication, optical data storage applications are enabling combustion diagnostics system based on diode laser absorption spectroscopy. So, combined with fiber-optics and high sensitive detection strategies, compact and portable sensor system are now appearing for a variety of applications. The objective of this research is to take advantage of distributed feed-back diode laser and develope new gas sensing system. It experimentally found out that the wavelength, power characteristics as a function of injection current and temperature. In addition to direct absorption and wavelength modulation spectroscopy have been demonstrated in these experiments and have a bright prospect to this diode laser system.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1997.06a
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• pp.223-228
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• 1997

The gas dynamics in a stagnation point upflow OMVPE reactor were studied by Raman spectroscopy. The gas temperature was measured as a function of inlet gas velocity and aspect ratio for both H$_2$ and N$_2$ carrier gases. The centerline temperature gradient was latger at higher inlet velocities and with the use of N$_2$, and only weakly dependent on the aspect ratio. a tracer molecule, CH$_4$, was used to investigate the steady state behavior of reactants in the reactor, and the use of a sweeping flow was found to be a suitable method for preventing wall deposition. The transient switching response of the gas manifold was also investigated. Under certain conditions (low velocities, unmatched flows) recirculation flows were apparent. Numerical calculations of the reactor gas dynamics gave reasonable agreement with experimental results when detailed thermal boundary conditions were included.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.09a
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• pp.243-244
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• 2008

The Velocity Autocorrelation Function (VAF) of the sodium ions is calculated for a range of temperature from 250K to 1000K and converted into the linear ac-conductivity and ac-susceptibility response via Fourier transformation. A peak is found in the conductivity around $6{\times}10^{12}Hz$ that has some of the character of a Poley absorption. Here it is shown to be due to an harmonically coupled site vibrations of the sodium atoms, which extend only over a limited range. At frequencies below the peak the conductivity tends towards a constant i.e. dc value corresponding to a constant flow of ions through the simulation cell. At high temperatures the conductivity due to this ion transport process behaves like a metal with an insulator to metal transition occurring around a specific temperature.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1433-1438
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• 2007

Characteristics of a phase change type micro actuator have been studied. The micro actuator has been designed for a micro-pump in an active direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC), consisting of an actuating chamber, a membrane, an electric heater, and a sensor of resistance temperature detector (RTD). In the present study, researches have been focused on the response of the actuator to control algorithm of the heater. The experiments demonstrated that the displacement of the membrane increase with temperature variation which is a function of applied voltage, duty ratio, and operating frequency of heating. The results also showed that operation of the actuator with high voltage at small duty of heating is more efficient than the same power consumption of heating with low voltage at large duty.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.38-42
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• 2002

An apparatus was developed to repetitively apply a $-196^{\circ}C$ thermal load to coupon-sized mechanical test specimens. Using this device, IM7/5250-4 (carbon / bismaleimide) cross-ply and quasi-isotropic laminates were submerged in liquid nitrogen ($LN_2$) 400 times. Ply-by-ply micro-crack density, laminate modulus, and laminate strength were measured as a function of thermal cycles. Quasi-isotropic samples of IM7/977-3 (carbon / epoxy) composite were also manually cycled between liquid nitrogen and an oven set at $120^{\circ}C$ for 130 cycles to determine whether including elevated temperature in the thermal cycle significantly altered the degree or location of micro-cracking. In response to thermal cycling, both materials micro-cracked extensively in the surface plies fellowed by sparse cracking of the inner plies. The tensile modulus of the IM7/5250-4 specimens was unaffected by thermal cycling, but the tensile strength of two of the lay-ups decreased by as much as 8.5%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.494-499
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• 2003

This paper concerns the static, dynamic and thermal characteristics analysis of a high-speed spindle system for horizontal machining centers with 45mm x50,000rpm. The spindle system is designed based on the angular contact ceramic ball bearings, built-in motor, oil-air lubrication method and oil jacket cooling method. The structural and thermal analysis models of spindle system are constructed by the finite element method. The static and dynamic characteristics are estimated based on the static deformation, modal parameter, mode shape and frequency response function, and the thermal characteristics are estimated based on the temperature rise, temperature distribution and thermal deformation. The analysis results illustrate that the designed spindle system has excellent structural and thermal stabilities

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.151-155
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• 2003

An apparatus was developed to repetitively apply a -196 $^{\circ}C$ thermal load to coupon-sized mechanical test specimens. Using this device, IM7/5250-4 (carbon / bismaleimide) cross-ply and quasi-isotropic laminates were submerged in liquid nitrogen (L$N_2$) 400 times. Ply-by-Ply micro-crack density, laminate modulus, and laminate strength were measured as a function of thermal cycles. Quasi-isotropic samples of IM7/977-3 (carbon / epoxy) composite were also manually cycled between liquid nitrogen and an oven set at 120 $^{\circ}C$ for 130 cycles to determine whether including elevated temperature in the thermal cycle significantly altered the degree or location of micro-cracking. In response to thermal cycling, both materials micro-cracked extensively in the surface plies followed by sparse cracking of the inner plies. The tensile modulus of the IM7/5250-4 specimens was unaffected by thermal cycling, but the tensile strength of two of the lay-ups decreased by as much as 8.5 %.