• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.256-259
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• 2010

Impacted supernumerary anterior teeth (mesiodens) usually are removed surgically with drug sedation and local anesthesia. After extraction of mesiodens, the wound are sutured and removable resin plate is then applied. In this operation, the postoperative bleeding and infection is likely to occur owing to postoperative accumulation of hematoma & seroma, psychologic stress and other contaminated factors (resin plate, poor oral hygiene, etc). So, the authors established the immediate rubber & iodoform gauze drainage into the sutured wound of mesiodens extraction for the prevention of postoperative bleeding and infection. The removable resin splint are not used because of the poor oral hygiene and economic factor. The results were more favorable without the postoperative blood oozing & wound infection in the dentistry (OMFS) of Wonju Christian Hospital.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.17-21
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the patient- and treatment-related etiologic factors of external root resorption. Materials and Methods : This study consisted of 163 patients who had completed orthodontic treatments and taken the pre- and post-treatment panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs. The length of tooth was measured from the tooth apex to the incisal edge or cusp tip on the panoramic radiograph. Overbite and overjet were measured from the pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalometric radiographs. The root resorption of each tooth and the factors of malocclusion were analyzed with an analysis of variance. A paired t test was performed to compare the mean amount of root resorption between male and female, between extraction and non-extraction cases, and between surgery and non-surgery groups. Correlation coefficients were measured to assess the relationship between the amount of root resorption and the age in which the orthodontic treatment started, the degree of changes in overbite and overjet, and the duration of treatment. Results : Maxillary central incisor was the most resorbed tooth, followed by the maxillary lateral incisor, the mandibular central incisor, and the mandibular lateral incisor. The history of tooth extraction was significantly associated with the root resorption. The duration of orthodontic treatment was positively correlated with the amount of root resorption. Conclusion : These findings show that orthodontic treatment should be carefully performed in patients who need the treatment for a long period and with a pre-treatment extraction of teeth.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 1971

Serial extraction procedure, when cautiouly practiced in severe discrepancy case, can be a good clinical approach, but the treatment planning must always be based on accurate analysis of all conditions, especially patient's individual growth pattern and his family development. It is most difficult to determine the timing and selection of most effective sequence of deciduout extraction. It is the best candidate that patient is with class I malocclusion with harmony of the skeletal and muscular system and severe discrepancy of the tooth system. The authors have observed a female, who has complained of the malalignment of mandibular permanent incisor teeth. Serial extraction has been performed to relieve it through adequate various informations and resulted in a fairly good prognosis.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.25 no.5 s.52
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• pp.525-541
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• 1995

This study was designed to investigate force systems and tooth movements produced by retraction archwire during retraction of four maxillary incisors after the maxillary canine retraction into the maxillary first premolar extraction space using the computer-aided three-dimensional finite element method. A three-dimensional finite element model, consisting of 2248 elements and 3194 nodes, was constructed. The model consisted of maxillary teeth and surrounding periodontal membranes, .022'$\times$.028'-slot brackets, and 5 types of retraction archwires(.019'$\times$.025' stainless steel archwire) modeled using the beam elements. The contact between the wire and the bracket slot was modeled using the gap elements because of the non-linear elastic behaviors of the contact between them. The forces and moments, End displacements produced by retraction archwire were measured at various conditions to investigate the difference according to types of loops, magnitudes of activation force, gable angle, and anterior lingual root torque. The results were expressed quantitative and visual ways in the three-dimensional method. The following conclusions can be drawn from this study.1. When the tear-drop loop archwire was activated, the mesio-distal and lingual translational movements of the teeth helped to close the extraction space, but unwanted movements of the teeth including intrusions and extrusions, and rotational movements in each direction occurred. 2. Activation of T-loop archwire compared with those of other types of retraction archwires produced the least translational movements of the teeth helped to space closure and also the least unwanted movements of the teeth. 3. Increasing amount of activation in the tear-drop archwire led not only to increase of translational movements of the teeth helped to space closure, but also to increase of unwanted movements of the teeth. 4. Addition of gable bend in the tear-drop archwire helped anterior teeth to translational movements in the mesio-distal direction, but increased unwanted movements of the teeth 5. Addition of anterior lingual root torque in the tear-drop archwire helped central and lateral incisor to improve their facio-lingual inclination, but increased unwanted movements of the teeth.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.47-59
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in occlusal force after loss of the lower first molar depending on the inclination and extrusion of the adjacent and opposing teeth by using a strain gauge. Materials and Methods: Anatomic teeth were used to reconstruct the normal dental arch with loss of the lower right first molar. A uniformly thick layer of silicone was applied to the root to mimic the periodontal ligament. Four stages of dies with varying degrees of inclination and extrusion of the adjacent and opposing teeth were constructed and attached to master model interchangeably by using a CAD/CAM fabricated customized die system. The strain gauges were attached to teeth and a universal testing machine was used to determine the changes in occlusal force. An independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were performed (${\alpha}=.05$). Results: While simulating chewing food, the upper first, second premolar and lower second molar showed greater occlusal force than before extraction. When the change of adjacent teeth's occlusal force with their progressive movement after molar loss was evaluated, the difference among four die models was significant and was in the decreasing aspect (P < 0.05). Conclusion: When the lower first molar was lost and the adjacent teeth did not move yet, the occlusal force in adjacent teeth was higher than that when the lower first molar still existed. In addition, the occlusal force in the upper premolars and lower second molar decreased significantly with the progressive movement of adjacent teeth.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.429-447
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• 1995

This study was designed to determine the most effective concentration of fluoride and levels of laser irradiation for the remineralization of decayed teeth. After irradiation with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser and the topical application of fluoride, phosphate and fluoride concentration in enamel were measured. And then the changes on surface enamel using an scanning electron microscope were observed. Samples by extraction healthy, permanent, mandibular bovine teeth with no caries were obtained. Among them 371 healthy samples were selected and artificial carious lesions were made. 20 samples were assigned to each experimental group. After irradiation with a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with total energy densities of 10J/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 20J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ for each group. On the teeth, 2% NaF, 1.9% NH4F, 1.6% TiF4 Elmex gel(amine fluoride) and 1.23% APF gel were applied. After pH circulatory procedures, concentrations of fluoride with and Ionalyzer (Orion Research, Model 901, USA) and phosphates with an Uv/V is spectrophotometer (Uvikon 860, Kontrom Co, Switzerland) were measured. By etching the teeth in layers and measuring fluoride concentrations, a profile of fluoride penetration according to depth could be developed. And also the changes on the surface of the enamel using an electron scanning microscope were observed. The comparative analysis yielded the following results : 1. Phosphate concentration was low in all groups compared with the control group except for teeth treated Elmex gel, irradiated with 10J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 30J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ energy densities. Teeth treated with APF gel and 30J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ irradiation gad the lowest phosphate concentration. 2. Among all groups, fluoride concentrations in tooth enamel were highest in APF gel and NaF groups irradiated at 30J/$\textrm{cm}^2$. The APF gel group had the highest fluoride concentrations across all energy densities. 3. In the APF gel group, and the NaF group, the greater the energy density of the laser, the higher the fluoride concentrations in the enamel. 4. In all groups, the concentration of fluoride in the enamel by depth tended to decrease with depth. 5. Under the scanning electron microscope, under the condition of irradiation with 20J/$\textrm{cm}^2$, enamel crack was detected for the first time. In the NH4F group, spherical deposits were found on the surface of the enamel, and in the TiF4 group the surface of enamel was covered with an irregular, thin membranous mass in places. In the APF gel and NaF groups irradiated with 10J/$\textrm{cm}^2$, spherical and irregular particles covered the teeth. When these groups were irradiated at 20J/cm2, they were covered with amorphous crystals. These results suggest that one could obtain more effective anticariogenic effects without damage to teeth when less than 20J/$\textrm{cm}^2$ energy densities and APF gel are used.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.131-147
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to observe the color matching of lining or filling materials according to the remaining tooth material. Twenty-seven freshly extracted human central incisors were used in this experiments. The teeth were stored in saline solution at room temperature after extraction. All teeth were cut parallel to the tangent to height of contour on labial surface from the lingual surface until the pulp were completely removed. Then 27 teeth were devided into 0.5mm, 1.0mm and 1.5mm reduction groups according to the thickness of cutting the lingual surfaces of teeth. The specimens of control group were three teeth of 27 teeth with cutting the lingual surface same mode as above described. In the specimens of experimental groups, 8 kinds of lining and filling materials; FUJI IONOMER TYPE II (G-C Co. Japan), LINING CEMENT (G-C Co. Japan), Dycal (Caulk, U.S.A.), CLEARFIL F II (Kuraray Co. Japan), Crown Bridge & Inlay Cement (G-C Co. Japan), Copalite (Harry J. Bosworth Co. U.S.A.), HY-BOND (G-C Co. Japan) and LIV-CENERA (G-C Co. Japan); applied on the back of 24 teeth with 0.5mm, 1.0mm and 1.5mm cut thickness of lingual surfaces. Three teeth of control group did not applied linging or filling materials on the back of 3 kinds of different thickness of cutting the lingual surfaces. The absorbances of total 27 specimens were obtained by reflection spectrophotometer. (Cary 17 D, Varian Co, U.S.A.) The following conclusions were drawn from above the results; 1. The absorbance patterns in both experiment and control groups were gradually decreased with increasing wavelength of spectra. 2. The absorbance patterns were not decreased in relation to the kinds of lining or filling materials, but the amount of the remaining tooth materials. 3. In 0.5mm reduction group, FUJI IONOMER TYPE II, LINING CEMENT, LIV-CENERA and Copalite applied on the back of cut lingual surface showed similar absorbance patterns as control group. 4. The specimens which were reduced up to 1.0mm thickness and lined with FUJI IONOMER TYPE II and LINING CEMENT showed the comparable absorbance patterns to the control group. 5. In case of HY-BOND application after 1.5mm reduction were observed the similar absorbance pattern as compared with control group. 6. When Dycal, CLEARFIL and Crown Bridge & Inlay Cement were applied to cut teeth surfaces, there were much differences of absorbance between control groups and experimental groups.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.129-133
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• 2008

Dental caries is the first disease to cause the pathological extraction of teeth in children. The complete prevention of dental caries is not achieved by toothbrushing alone. The use of fluoride and pit and fissure sealant is regarded as key tools to prevent dental caries. Fluoride-containing tablets or multi-vitamins and community water fluoridation can be used as systemic application techniques. Professional fluoride application, fluoride iontophoresis on teeth, fluoride mouth rinsing and fluoride-containing toothpaste can be used as local application techniques. Pit and fissure sealant is mainly used to prevent dental caries on occlusal surfaces of premolars and molars. Sweeteners not to occur dental caries has been developed to substitute sucrose. Dental erosion increases according to the high consumption of acidic soft drink or beverages. The appropriate use of fluoride and pit and fissure sealant are recommended to prevent dental caries effectively and the education is required to reduce the consumption of acidic soft drinks or beverages to decrease dental erosion.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.809-822
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• 1998

Adequate root preparation in the treatment of periodontal disease often involves mechanical instrumentation to remove plaque, calculus perhaps contaminated cementum. Although meticulous scaling and root planing may remove some cementum, the use of aggressive root planing to remove cementum does not appear warranted. So ultrasonic device and rotary instrument appear to be replacing hand instrument. But it is not clear those instruments make smooth root surface as hand instrument. The roghness of the root surface were evaluate with SEM following instrumentation with Gracey curette, Perio Clean and piezo ultrasonic device(Setlec) with various tip. 20 extracted teeth were used in vitro experiment, and 9 teeth of a patient destined for extraction for periodontal reasons were utilized in vivo experiment. It was demonstrated that hand curette created the smoothest surface, while diamond tip tended to roughen the root surface. But the hand curette, Perio Clean, and piezo ultasonic device with scaler tip tend to remove cementum completely. Piezo ultrasonic device with curette-like tip made the desirable smooth surface with partial removal of cementum.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.38 no.6 s.373
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• pp.567-569
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• 2000

Many teeth have been mistakenly extracted or endodontically treated because of an incorrect diagnosis of orofacial pain including toothache, A case report of persistent toothache originating from a malignant lymphoma of left maxilary sinus is presented. Root canal therapy and extraction of left upper quadrant teeth from canine to second molar did not resolve the chief complaint. The patient was referred to a neurologist and was diagnosed with a malignant lymphoma, a rare lesion of the maxillary sinus. The case stresses the importance of malignant neoplasms of maxillary sinus as a potential etiologic factor in the differential diagnosis of orofacial pain.