• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.5-62
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• 2018

Over the last 10 years, the fight against occupational diseases of semiconductor workers led by SHARPS(the Supporters for the Health And Rights of People in the Semiconductor industry, NGO) has accomplished considerable achievements, especially in the legal and institutional aspects. First, the court and the government accepted the claims that 24 injured workers respectively filed, recognizing their 10 types of diseases as occupational illness. The court not only expanded the list of work places and diseases that it recognized, but also presented more progressive logic of recognition. The most remarkable achievement among them is the case ruled by the Supreme court in July, 2017. In terms of 'worker's right to know', which is the most important factor in preventing occupational diseases, there have been significant legislative bills, court rulings and government guidelines. The revised bill of the Industrial Safety and Health Act to strengthen workers' rights to know and to introduce the pre-review system on trade secret is currently under review by the National Assembly. The court recently ruled that the government should disclose its inspection results on safety and health management at semiconductor factories. The ministry of labor has drawn up internal guidelines to more actively open its safety and health data to public. This study looks over recent developments in such rulings, bills and guidelines and then, analyzes their implications, laying the groundwork for future actions for worker health in the electronic industry.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.901-908
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• 2020

This paper describes a method for scalable hardware implementation of modular inversion. The proposed scalable architecture has a one-dimensional array of processing elements (PEs) that perform arithmetic operations in 32-bit word, and its performance and hardware size can be adjusted depending on the number of PEs used. The hardware operation of the scalable processor for modular inversion was verified by implementing it on Spartan-6 FPGA device. As a result of logic synthesis with a 180-nm CMOS standard cells, the operating frequency was estimated to be in the range of 167 to 131 MHz and the gate counts were in the range of 60,000 to 91,000 gate equivalents when the number of PEs was in the range of 1 to 10. When calculating 256-bit modular inverse, the average performance was 18.7 to 118.2 Mbps, depending on the number of PEs in the range of 1 to 10. Since our scalable architecture for computing modular inversion in GF(p) has the trade-off relationship between performance and hardware complexity depending on the number of PEs used, it can be used to efficiently implement modular inversion processor optimized for performance and hardware complexity required by applications.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.507-517
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• 2010

This study estimated the amount of carbon stocks in harvested wood products (HWP) using accounting approaches suggested by 2006 IPCC guidelines and analyzed the impacts of different approaches on national greenhouse gas inventory and the forest sector in Korea. The change in carbon stocks was calculated at the level of semi-finished wood products, which cover sawnwood, wood-based panels, other industrial wood, paper and paperboard. An estimation of the changes in carbon stocks in HWP in use for the period 1970~2008 varied between -9,023 Gg $CO_2$/yr and 4,052 Gg $CO_2$/yr depending on the accounting approach used. The stock-change approach provided the most favorable results because Korea was a net importer of wood products. However, each approach generates different impacts on harvest, trade, the use of wood for energy production and recycling. When deciding its position on accounting approach, thus, the Government should consider future direction of national forest policies as well as the effect on national greenhouse gas inventory for the minimization of negative impacts resulting from its selection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.1054-1060
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• 2017

Objective: This study was aimed at evaluating effects of cattle breed resources and alternative mixed-feeding practices on meat productivity and emission intensities from household farming systems (HFS) in Daklak Province, Vietnam. Methods: Records from Local $Yellow{\time}Red$ Sindhi (Bos indicus; Lai Sind) and 1/2 Limousin, 1/2 Drought Master, and 1/2 Red Angus cattle during the growth (0 to 21 months) and fattening (22 to 25 months) periods were used to better understand variations on meat productivity and enteric methane emissions. Parameters were determined by the ruminant model. Four scenarios were developed: (HFS1) grazing from birth to slaughter on native grasses for approximately 10 h plus 1.5 kg dry matter/d (0.8% live weight [LW]) of a mixture of guinea grass (19%), cassava (43%) powder, cotton (23%) seed, and rice (15%) straw; (HFS2) growth period fed with elephant grass (1% of LW) plus supplementation (1.5% of LW) of rice bran (36%), maize (33%), and cassava (31%) meals; and HFS3 and HFS4 computed elephant grass, but concentrate supplementation reaching 2% and 1% of LW, respectively. Results: Results show that compared to HFS1, emissions ($72.3{\pm}0.96kg\;CH_4/animal/life$; least squares $means{\pm}standard$ error of the mean) were 15%, 6%, and 23% lower (p<0.01) for the HFS2, HFS3, and HFS4, respectively. The predicted methane efficiencies ($CO_2eq$) per kg of LW at slaughter ($4.3{\pm}0.15$), carcass weight ($8.8{\pm}0.25kg$) and kg of edible protein ($44.1{\pm}1.29$) were also lower (p<0.05) in the HFS4. In particular, irrespective of the HSF, feed supply and ratio changes had a more positive impact on emission intensities when crossbred 1/2 Red Angus cattle were fed than in their crossbred counterparts. Conclusion: Modest improvements on feeding practices and integrated modelling frameworks may offer potential trade-offs to respond to climate change in Vietnam.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.231-237
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate characteristics of the red peppers for Kimchi preparation. Four cultivars of Korean red pepper with different color value, ten brands of commercial red pepper powder produced at different areas and paprika with imported from Spain were collected. These sample were analyzed for proximate composition, color, capsaicinoid and sensory evaluation, etc. Proximate composition was moisture of 12.6-17.13%, ash of 5.11-8.93%, crude lipid of 7.68-12.81% and crude protein of 11.35-16.72%. Free sugar content showed two-times among samples, the lowest sample was 11.35%(Shintaein), whereas the highest sample was 21.06% (Koisan). Capsaicinoid content of cultivars showed the highest value Dabok with 75.49 mg% and the lowest value Gusung with 18.77 mg%. American Spice Trade Association(ASTA) value, it was indicated redness of red pepper, showed very wide range of values with 47.3-144.7. Correlation coefficient($R^2$) of ASTA value and $a^* $was 0.87, while $R^2$ of 0.05 between of ASTA value and capsaicinoid contents. In sensory attributes, Dongbang(0.87 mg%) and Gusung(0.43 mg%) were not significantly different, while Dabok(1.74 mg%) was significantly different from other smaples in lag time, overall intensity and duration. The difference threshold of hot taste and ASTA value was over 1.0 mg%(capsaicinod content), 70(ASTA value), respectively.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.411-443
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• 2012

The Changes in management environment in SMEs such as rapid development of information communication technology, worldwide expansion of FTAs, enlargement of global outsourcing, etc have changed various aspects in industry-academy or industry-academy-government cooperation. It has been away from the cooperation focused on research and development and industrial training, and advanced to the cooperation focused on the business fields and practices where the executive ability and professionalism are required to commercialize major products of local SMEs. Compared with the existing model, the new model of industry-academy-government cooperation can provide effective and customized supports to local SMEs and expect better performance than ever before through the choice and focus. However, the existing support programs of government and related organizations are just top-down pattern to SMEs. In addition to the development of industrial technology, education and training for labor force and knowledge interchange between industry and university, the new cooperation model would also provide practical tasks such as enhancement of business competences and abilities to cultivate foreign markets. This study deals with Gyeongbuk PRIDE Products support project that is the new model of industry-academy-government cooperation and evaluates the effectiveness of this support project by empirically analyzing the survey results from the target SMEs.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.253-265
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• 2011

A number of organizations have had big interests in studies concerning leadership and not only academia but also psychological areas do also. Until now, leadership has been accentuated by managers or team leaders especially. Recently, however, the concept of self-leadership directing one's own activities through self-control or self-management is being focused on in practices and in academia. This study is to investigate the influence between self-leadership strategies as predictors and learning performance in IT classes as dependents variables mediated by attitude of attendance focused on the social science students in two universities (Korea(116 samples) and India(36 samples)). And this research tried to compare difference between two university students. As a result of empirical analysis, Korean learners making an effort by themselves show a tendency to think constructively. Namely, even though the level of difficulty may be high, by positive self-talk, respondents usually make an effort to get high academic performance. In case of Indian respondents, students who are in behavior-oriented show higher academic performance. Research results can give us direction of task-taking attitudes in firms or learning attitudes in teaching organizations and implications to human resource managers who are in charge of improving learning performance or productivity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.318-329
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• 2016

There has been a growing interest on the effect of volcanic eruption on the aviation safety, air travel and economy especially after the eruption of Eyjafjallajokull in Iceland. Since volcanic eruption is influential on a large geographic region, the effect usually extends to other neighboring countries. Korea also has an active volcano named Mountain Baekdu. Hence, the need to estimate in advance the quantitative impact of the potential eruption of Mt. Baekdu on South Korean air transportation system. However, previous studies with quantitative estimation were confined to the calculation of the direct economic loss from shut down of the airports, grounding of airlines, and trade deficits caused by the eruption. Therefore, this paper introduces a new approach to assess more accurate impact simultaneously considering volcanic ash dispersal and aviation routes. This approach is then applied to a virtual scenario to predict the damage to air traffic. With further development, this method can help estimate the damage in the air transportation industry in more accurate and faster ways. Prediction outcomes can also be utilized in setting up the emergency response plan for the air transportation industry and contribute to the creation of more proactive and predictive measures in the future.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.25-53
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• 2007

The Expectation Confirmation Model (ECM) of information systems investigates the continued information systems usage behavior. This paper expands the original post-adoption beliefs and searches the applications in the emerging hedonic information systems. Previous IS researches focused on the organizational environments. However as the information technology (especially internet) evolves, information systems have not only emerged for the organizations but also for the individual users, such as internet portals, internet communities, on-line games etc. These information systems so called Hedonic Information Systems aims to provide self-fulfilling value rather than instrumental value to the users. Researches in other disciplines, including marketing and consumer behavior research, illustrate that the hedonic and utilitarian perspective of goods and services have different influence on the consumer behavior. Goods and services used to be classified into either hedonic or utilitarian aspect but now they may belong to both aspects simultaneously. Moreover consumer's goals or tasks have both hedonic utilitarian aspects. When a consumer makes a decision to purchase or repurchase goods or services, he/she compares the hedonic and utilitarian perspectives of goods to find most suitable ones to satisfy their goals/tasks. Finally, consumer's behavior is determined by the trade-off between what the goods can provide to the consumers and in what extent the goods fulfill consumer's purchase behavior. Consumer also shows that the salience of hedonic perspective is relatively greater when consumer decides which of several items to give up (forfeiture choices) than the time when they decide which item to acquire (acquisition choices). Some researches in MIS discipline have found out that the information systems also have both hedonic and utilitarian perspectives. The decision process of whether to use information systems or not is similar to that of a consumer's decision of purchasing or repurchasing goods or services. However most of researches in MIS tend to focus on the extrinsic motivation variables which only cover the utilitarian perspective of information systems. It is only recent that researches start to investigate the intrinsic motivation variable - Perceived Enjoyment - for the hedonic perspective. Considering the consumer's purchasing decision process, users of information systems evaluate the systems through balancing between intrinsic (hedonic) and extrinsic (utilitarian) variables according to their main tasks or tendencies. This paper proposes a model that is based on the ECM of IS Continuance model modified from Expectation Confirmation Model to fit into the continued usage of information system. It first started from the decision process regarding hedonic and utilitarian perspectives in the consumer behavior literatures. The model deals with continued usage of information systems beyond the mere technology adoption as in most of the previous MIS researches. This research is particularly important to the hedonic information systems, because their business model depends on the frequent usages rather simple adoption at the beginning. Because the basic model only considered the extrinsic motivations (perceived usefulness) to explain the users' behavior and as the information systems can have both hedonic and utilitarian dimensions, it should consider both perspectives. Therefore, this newly proposed model considers intrinsic variable (perceived enjoyment) as well. Since the individual user can have a preference on either aspects that is between the hedonic and utilitarian perspective depending on his/her main tasks or goals, some variables (Hedonic Orientation and Utilitarian Orientation) meaning the extents of users' pursuing from the information system were additionally studied.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.694-699
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to observe the effect of bovine colostral whey fractions on proliferation of Th1 cells and to verify the effect of whey fractions that are directly related to growth of Th1 cells on macrophages activation. Whey was fractionated into 3 fractions depending on by ultrafiltration (fraction (Fr.) I; molecular weight (Mw.) 10 kDa and more, Fr. II; Mw. $1\;kDa{\sim}10\;kDa$, Fr. III; Mw. less than 1 kDa) and examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fr. II stimulated and proliferated Th1 cells most at 1 mg/mL concentration and the percentage of cell proliferation was 67.1%. The secretive induction of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ $(TNF-{\alpha})$ by whey, Fr. II, protein fraction (Fr. P) and oligosaccharide fraction (Fr. O) after fractionating Fr. II into Fr. P and Fr. O on the basis of Th1 cells growth was that Fr. O had more 80% secretive induction of $TNF-{\alpha}$ than that of $1\;{\mu}g/mL$ lipopolysaccharide that was positive control. So confirmed that Fr. O induced $TNF-{\alpha}$ secretion by activating macrophages.