• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.650-656
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• 2012

The aims of the experiment, conducted over three years in the Central Europe field conditions, were (1) to investigate the effect of growing period (plantings in the middle and at the end of August: $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ term, respectively) on yield and chemical composition of the non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) cultivars 'Taisai', 'Pak Choy White', and 'Green Fortune', and (2) to develop regression models to evaluate the changes in crop yields as a function of weather conditions. A highest marketable yield was obtained from 'Taisai' (65.71 and 77.20 $t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$), especially in the $2^{nd}$ term of production. Low yield, observed for 'Pak Choy White' was due to its premature bolting. Almost 39% ($1^{st}$ term) and 70% ($2^{nd}$ term) of plants of this cultivar formed inflorescence shoots before harvest. The highest dry matter level was observed in the leaf petioles of 'Taisai', while 'Green Fortune' was the most abundant of carotenoids and L-ascorbic acid. The content of soluble sugars was the lowest for 'Pak Choy White'. In a phase of harvest maturity, more of the analyzed constituents were gathered by plants from earlier plantings, and differences were as follows: 4.7% (dry matter), 26.3% (carotenoids) and 22.1% (L-ascorbic acid), in comparison to $2^{nd}$ term of production. Significant increase of soluble sugars level was observed for plants from later harvest. The regression model for marketable yield of Chinese cabbage cultivar 'Taisai' as a function of maximum air temperature can predict the yield with accuracy 68%. The models for yield or bolting of 'Pak Choy White', based on extreme air temperatures and sunshine duration, were more precise (98%). It should be pointed out that Taisai could be recommended for later growing period in Central Europe conditions with regard to maximum yield potential. 'Green Fortune' was notable for its uniform yielding. To obtained plants of higher nutritional value, earlier time of cultivation should be suggested. Described models can be successfully applied for an approximate simulation of Chinese cabbage yielding.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2006

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of harvesting date on the forage yield and quality of different rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivars. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications. The main plots consisted of two harvesting dates 20th and 30th April. The subplots consisted of five rye cultivars from different maturity groups such as 'Kodiak (Late)'. 'Koolgrazer (Early)', 'Danko (Late)', 'Homil22 (Medium)' and 'Olhomil (Early)' Dry matter (DM) contents of 17.8% at early harvesting were lower 2.2% than at late harvesting. But crude protein (CP) of 18.9% and total digestible nutrients (TDN) contents of 65.5% at early harvesting were higher 2.3% and 3.0% than those at late harvesting, respectively. There were significant differences in DM, CP and TDN contents among the rye cultivars tested (p<0.05). The contents of fiber components at early harvesting were lower than those at late harvesting. The acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), cellulose and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents at early harvesting were lower than those at late harvesting, and hemicellulose contents at early harvesting was higher than that at late harvesting. The fiber component of early maturing cultivars such as 'Koolgrazer' and 'Olhomil' were higher than those of the others. Dry matter, CP, in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) and TDN yields at early harvesting were lower than those at late harvesting, and the yield of early maturing cultivars were higher than those of the others. In this study, the results of this study indicate that forage production technology in combination with early maturing rye cultivar and late harvesting could enhance both production and quality of rye.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.31.1-31.12
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• 2019

Background: The black-chinned tilapia, Sarotherodon melanotheron, is the most abundant fish species in the Nakwa (an open lagoon) and Brenu (a closed lagoon) in the Central Region of Ghana. Aspects of the life history characteristics and the ecology of the fish populations in both lagoons were studied to assess the bio-ecological status of this important resource. Methods: Fish samples were obtained from fishermen that fish on the Nakwa and Brenu lagoons using cast, drag and gill nets. The age of the fish was assessed from otoliths analysis and its growth modelled following the von Bertalanffy growth function. Morphometric characteristics of the fish populations were analysed using power regression and ANOVA for parameters comparisons, and Student's t test to determine whether species grew isometrically. The percentage occurrence method was used to analyse the stomach contents of the fish. Results: A total of 382 fish samples from both lagoons were measured, comprising 209 from Nakwa lagoon and 176 from Brenu lagoon. The size and weight of fish samples ranged between 3.9-11.5 cm total length and 1.0-27.3 g for Nakwa Lagoon and 5.6-12.8 cm total length and 3.2-29.8 g for the Brenu Lagoon. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters were L∞ = 12.04 cm and K = 2.76/year for the Nakwa Lagoon samples and L∞ = 13.44 cm and K = 3.27/year for Brenu Lagoon samples. Daily otolith incremental rate ranged from 0.01-0.03 mm per day to 0.01-0.02 mm per day for Nakwa and Brenu lagoons, respectively. Stomach content analysis of the fish samples revealed that the species are planktivorous and the range of food varied between the lagoons. Green algae were the most prevalent food item in the stomachs of the fish samples from Nakwa with the frequency of 69% whilst diatoms (80.5%) were most prevalent phytoplanktonic food item for the fish in Brenu lagoon. Conclusions: The estimates of asymptotic length for the species in both lagoons are close to known values of the species length at first sexual maturity and points to intensive fishing pressure. As a consequence, a comprehensive sample-based survey is required in both lagoons to derive estimates of management reference points. The results of the stomach content analysis are beneficial to the construction of diet matrix for ecosystem models of the two systems.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.151-157
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• 2017

Recently, the retail industry has created efficient store operations, and has differentiated customer service through the future store. The intelligence of these stores is being applied by using technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), and the business process is being improved through this. The process also focuses on efficient store operations and service developments to provide customers with shopping convenience. The change in trends in the industry means that domestic distribution has already reached maturity. Even in countries where retail industries are mature, such as the U.S. and Europe, recent trends are moving toward maximizing operational efficiency and customer service. The reason is that many retailers have already reached saturation and survived the competition. This paper is a study of a drive-through service for automation and efficiency in receiving service after ordering by a customer of the distribution store. When ordering a product being purchased by a customer, the product picking process is done in a timely fashion through a picking scheduling agent. When the customer enters the store parking lot, a service supports the entry of information and finding a parking place so the customer can quickly pick up the goods. The proposed service can be applied to a retail store drive-through system, the distribution store's delivery system, the digital picking system, and indoor/outdoor large parking management systems, and it is possible to provide one-dimensional customer service through the application of IoT technology.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.15
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• pp.7-16
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• 1997

The effects of liming and inoculation of nodule bacteria on the growth and yield of soybeans in the 1st and 3rd year paddy-upland rotated paddy fields was investigated. Compared with the 1st rotated field, the degree of nodulation was much higher in the 3rd rotated one with greater difference at flowering stage than at the early stage of soybean growth. At the same time, greater difference in the degree of nodulation was also recognized between soybean varieties. In the 3rd year rotated field, a great deal of nodulation effect was recognized in the no-limed field but not in the limed one. The growth of soybean was not much affected by liming and nodulation at early stage but it was much increased by liming at flowering stage, especially in Williams 79, indeterminate type variety. Most of yield components and yield of soybean at maturity was much increased by liming with greater in Williams 79 than in Namhaekong. Nodulation effect on the yield components and yield was great in the no-limed filed but not in the limed one for both varieties. The yield and yield components of soybean, without no relation with liming and nodulation, was much great in the 3rd year rotated paddy fields than in the 1st year one, which was inferred that the more rotated fields the more yield and better growth of soybeans could be possible in the paddy-upland rotatonal soybean croppings.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.55-61
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• 2018

Purpose - It suggests that making a policy and strategies for a way of Dubai has a strong priority strategy on science and technology by using much oil dollars to prepare risk when oil dollar's decrease. This has been now investigated how the leading innovator has changed the periphery countries. Research design, data, and methodology - Analyze policy, status, what other neighbouring Middle East countries also want to benchmark a successful case of a leading Dubai strategy. Higher manpower is needed absolutely to develop S&T. and etc. Dubai and Arab countries establish university to nurture as well as invite the talented manpower from overseas to recover deficient manpower. Dubai built totally academy city and invited branch of the overseas famous university, and Saudi Arabia built university(KAUST) and invite faculty and support good scholarship for students. Abrab countries especially, This is studied the process of differentiating and integrating the migrant workers of these cities into the globalized cities. This has resulted in large-scale employment for foreign and local companies in these cities and the spread of science and innovation. Results - Dubai supports venture or SMEs by using a strong priority strategy and attracts foreigner's investor, with which the neighbouring countries have been preparing together for 4th wave. It demonstrates that the gravitational model has been activated from neighboring countries of innovation science to create Dubai's hub. The maturity of long-term urban innovation is related to innovation capability through the national response and review. As a result, the flow of skilled international migration has been localized because of the mutual intersection with the local employment structure, and the development has spread as it spreads to neighboring countries. Conclusion - For the exploiting of new Distribution market in the neighbouring countries, Middle East countries' a strong priority strategy on S&T and education system give an influence on economic situation of the 4th wave in the world and world order of leading by USA, Japan, or EU, and etc. This is due to the creation of clusters in the form of SEZs, friendly industrial policies and world-class infrastructure and innovation development. Its neighbours benchmark the cases of distribution of science innovation and centralizes the surrounding people.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2005

The antioxidant capacity of yield-type mulberry leaves and fruits (Morus alba L., M. bombycis Koidz, and M. Lhou (Ser). Koidz) collected from In-je, Won-ju and Yang-yang regions, Kang-won province, Korea, was investigated with minium L-100 device and ARAW-KIT (anti-radical ability of water-soluble substance), in comparison to the ascorbic acid. The results indicated that total antioxidant capacity of yield-type mulberry leaves was 2711.2 nmol (ascorbic acid equivalents). The highest stage of antioxidant capacity (3587.6 nmol) was opening stage of five leaves in spring. Especially, antioxidant capacity of mulberry leave collected from In-je region was high than that of other regions. No. 7 mulberry leave showed the strongest antioxidant capacity (6184.9 nmol) at opening stage of five leaves in spring. Also, fluit growing condition including fruit size and yield was good, too. Therefore, No. 7 mulberry three from In-je region, possessed not only high antioxidant capacity but also considerable fruit quality, was selected as potent resource for mulberry breeding and functional material development.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.253-288
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• 2010

Production innovation capabilities are critical to the survival and growth of firms. This paper investigates industrial dynamics and dynamic capabilities of firms by looking at how an industry evolution process influences firms' product innovation strategy and how dynamic capabilities affect firms' product innovation process. Korea Wireless Internet industry shows a full cycle of industry evolution process including introduction phase, growth phase, maturity phase, and decline phase using by dynamic technological and market changes. 7 listed companies in Korea Wireless Internet industry were selected. We have conducted multiple case studies based upon in depth interviews. Empirical results show that different phases of industry evolution influence firms' strategy of product innovation. Dynamic capabilities are also appears to be very important to the survival and growth of a firm.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.5-20
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• 2006

Purpose: This study examines the degree of empowerment recognized by the 1st paramedics and the trend of their critical thinking, analyzes correlations between empowerment and critical thinking to reveal whether there is statistically significant difference between them and then is to provide basic materials necessary for research on empowerment and critical thinking. Method: This study distributes 105 structured self-report questionnaires to the 1st emergency medical technicians working at fire fighting police boxes, general hospitals, clinics and emergency medical information centers in G Metropolitan City and J province from April 29 to May 28, 2006, collects their responses directly and analyzes results with t-test, F-test(ANOVA) and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. Result: 1. First, average score of empowerment of subjects was 4.68 out of 6 and according to scores by area, capacity 5.98 was highest, followed by significance 5.41, self- determination 4.44 and effectiveness 3.79. 2. degree of empowerment according to general characteristics of subjects showed statistically significant differences in final education(F=2.714, p= .049), level of salary (F=3.298, p= .014) and satisfaction of current job (F=5.399, p= .001). 3. average score of critical thinking of subjects was 3.28 out of 7 and according to areas, no bias 3.95 was highest, followed by maturity 3.68, structure 3.35, inquisitiveness 3.11, pursuit of truth 3.07, critical thinking and self-confidence 3.00, analyticity 2.98. 4. degree of critical thinking by general characteristics of subjects showed statistically significant differences in age(F=2.577, p= .041), final education (F=7.877, p= .000), current workplace (F=3.513, p= .018), level of salary(F=4.628, p= .002), satisfaction with current job(F=6.879, p= .000) and intention to transfer current job(t=15.21, p=.000). 5. as a result of correlations between empowerment and critical thinking of subjects, Pearson correlation coefficients between whole empowerment and critical thinking were r= .21, p=.013. Conclusion: It is considered that the 1st paramedic managers must seek how to keep and manage empowerment and development of education and training program which can enhance critical thinking is needed. Further, emergency educators must develop educational program based on the concept of empowerment to establish early awareness of a desirable organization culture and increase understanding of empowerment in the process of education.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2014

Oriental melon (Cucumis melo var. makuwa) should be cultivated on the soil and be harvested. It is difficult to find because it is covered with leaves, and furthermore, it is very hard to grip it due to its climbing stems. This study developed and tested oriental melon harvesting robots such as an end-effector, manipulator and identification device. The end effector is divided into a gripper for harvest and a cutter for stems. In addition, it was designed to control the gripping and cutting forces so that the gripper could move four fingers at the same time and the cutter could move back and forth. The manipulator was designed to realize a 4-axis manipulator structure to combine orthogonal coordinate-type and shuttle-type manipulators with L-R type model to rotate based on the central axis. With regard to the identification device, oriental melon was identified using the primary identification global view camera device and secondary identification local view camera device and selected in the prediction of the sugar content or maturity. As a result of the performance test using this device, the average harvest time was 18.2 sec/ea, average pick-up rate was 91.4%, average damage rate was 8.2% and average sorting rate was 72.6%.