• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.507-521
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to explore in depth and deeply the nature and meaning of the academic experience that married nursing graduate students have experienced in their Convergence roles. Methods: Giorgi(2004) method was used the four-step data analysis procedure following the technological phenomena. Participants were four nursing doctoral students who were involved in work, child-care. and education. Data collection was conducted through two in-depth interviews with participants from October to November 2017. Results: Data analysis was structured into 12 concepts and 5 categories, centered on thinking, feelings, and changes in life for study before and after entering graduate school. The five categories are 'I enjoy flying more than anyone', 'I am different from them', 'A solitary journey toward a dream', 'Family is my strength' and 'I have a dream.' Conclusions: In order to help married nurses improve their professionalism, it is necessary to build a support system for the family, improvement of the organizational culture, and a socially practical support system.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.75 no.1
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• pp.33-47
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• 2020

In this paper the dynamic behavior of an isolated building subjected to idealized near-fault pulses is investigated. The building is represented with a simple 2-DOF model. Both linear and non-linear behavior of the isolation system is considered. Using dimensional analysis, in conjunction with closed form mathematical idealized pulses, appropriate dimensionless parameters are defined and self-similar curves are plotted on dimensionless graphs, based on which various conclusions are reached. In the linear case, the role of viscous damping is examined in detail and the existence of an optimum value of damping along with its significant variation with the number of half-cycles is shown. In the nonlinear case, where the behavior of the building depends on the amplitude of the excitation, the benefits of dimensional analysis are evident since the influence of the dimensionless 𝚷-terms is easily examined. Special consideration is given to the normalized strength of the non-linear isolation system that appears to play a complex role which greatly affects the response of the 2-DOF. In the last part of the paper, a comparison of the responses to idealized pulses between a linear fixed-base SDOF and the respective isolated 2-DOF with both linear and non-linear damping is conducted and it is shown that, under certain values of the superstructure and isolation system characteristics, the use of an isolation system can amplify both the normalized acceleration and displacement of the superstructure.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.4389-4411
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• 2018

High dynamic range (HDR) images are becoming pervasive due to capturing or rendering of a wider range of luminance, but their special display equipment is difficult to be popularized because of high cost and technological problem. Thus, HDR images must be adapted to the conventional display devices by applying tone mapping (TM) operation, which puts forward higher requirements for intellectual property protection of HDR images. As the robustness presents regional diversity in the low dynamic range (LDR) watermarked image after TM, which is different from the traditional watermarking technologies, a concept of watermarking activity is defined and used to distinguish the essential distinction of watermarking between LDR image and HDR image in this paper. Then, a novel robust HDR image watermarking algorithm is proposed against TM operations. Firstly, based on the hybrid processing of redundant discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition, the watermark is embedded by modifying the structure information of the HDR image. Distinguished from LDR image watermarking, the high embedding strength can cause more obvious distortion in the high brightness regions of HDR image than the low brightness regions. Thus, a perceptual brightness mask with low complexity is designed to improve the imperceptibility further. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is robust to the existing TM operations, with taking into account the imperceptibility and embedded capacity, which is superior to the current state-of-art HDR image watermarking algorithms.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.19-27
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• 2016

Advance in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is intensely influenced to increase importance of Software on global ICT industries. The trend of technological development has been transformed from hardware-oriented environment to software-oriented environment. This industrial transformation brought novel trend to Software market. Open Source Software (OSS) has been widely distributed for private uses. At the same time, many governmental offices are planning to expand the use of OSS. In this paper, we analyze the strength and weaknesses of OSSs for both Web and WAS servers based on 4 types of testing environments which are created by the combination of 5 selected OSSs. We anticipated to learn the optimal system architecture design for the next generation of V-World through this research.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2014

The organic-inorganic composite membrane in polymer exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have several fascinating technological advantages such as a proton conductivity, thermal stability and mechanical properties. As the inorganic filler, silicon carbide (SiC) fiber have been used in various fields due to its unique properties such as thermal stability, conductivity, and tensile strength. In this study, composite membrane was successfully fabricated by modified-silicon carbide fiber. Modified process, as a novel process in SiC, takes reaction by phosphoric acid after oxidation process (generated homogeniusly $SiO_2$ layer on SiC fiber). The mechanical property which was conducted by tensile test of the 5wt% modified-$SiO_2@SiCf$ composite membrane was better than that of Aquivion casting membrane as well as ion cxchange capacity(IEC) and proton conductivity. In addition, the single cell performance was observed that the 5wt% modified-$SiO_2@SiCf$ composite membrane was approximately $0.2A/cm^2$ higher than that of a Aquivion casting electrolyte membrane and electrochemical impedance was improved with the charge transfer resistance and membrane resistance.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.464-484
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• 2001

When restoring a tooth, the dentist tries to choose the ideal material for existing situation. One criterion that is considered is its suitability for restoring coronal strength. As more tooth structure is removed, the cusps are weakened and susceptible to fracture. Further, this increased deformation may cause the formation of intermittent gaps at the margin between the hard tissue and the restoration, facilitating marginal leakage. The improvements in ceramic materials now make it possible for alternatives to amalgams, composites, and cast metal to be of offered for posterior teeth. Of the materials used, ceramics most closely approximates the properties of enamel. The introduction of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture(CAD/CAM) systems to restorative dentistry represents a major technological breakthrough. It is possible to design and fabricate ceramic restorations at a single appointment. Additionally, CAD/CAM systems eliminate certain errors and inaccuracies that are inherent to the indirect method and provide an esthetic restoration. The aim of this investigation was to study the loading characteristics of CAD/CAM ceramic inlay and to compare the stress distribution and displacement associated with different designs of cavity(the isthmus width and cavity depth). A human maxillary left first premolar was prepared with standard mesio-occlusal cavity preparation, as recommended by the manufacturer Ceramic inlay was fabricated with CEREC 2 CAD/CIM equipment and cemented into the prepared cavity. Three dimensional model was made by the serial photographic method. The cavity width was varied $\frac{1}{3}$, $\frac{1}{2}$ and $\frac{2}{3}$ of intercuspal distance between buccal and lingual cusp tip. The cavity depth was varied 1.5mm and 2.3mm. So six models were constructed to simulate six conditions. A point load of 500N was applied vertically onto the first node of the lingual slope from the buccal cusp tip. The stress distribution and displacement were solved using ANSYS finite element program(Swanson Analysis System). (omitted)

• Biomedical Engineering Letters
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.337-344
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• 2018

Additive manufacturing (AM) is an alternative metal fabrication technology. The outstanding advantage of AM (3D-printing, direct manufacturing), is the ability to form shapes that cannot be formed with any other traditional technology. 3D-printing began as a new method of prototyping in plastics. Nowadays, AM in metals allows to realize not only net-shape geometry, but also high fatigue strength and corrosion resistant parts. This success of AM in metals enables new applications of the technology in important fields, such as production of medical implants. The 3D-printing of medical implants is an extremely rapidly developing application. The success of this development lies in the fact that patient-specific implants can promote patient recovery, as often it is the only alternative to amputation. The production of AM implants provides a relatively fast and effective solution for complex surgical cases. However, there are still numerous challenging open issues in medical 3D-printing. The goal of the current research review is to explain the whole technological and design chain of bio-medical bone implant production from the computed tomography that is performed by the surgeon, to conversion to a computer aided drawing file, to production of implants, including the necessary post-processing procedures and certification. The current work presents examples that were produced by joint work of Polygon Medical Engineering, Russia and by TechMed, the AM Center of Israel Institute of Metals. Polygon provided 3D-planning and 3D-modelling specifically for the implants production. TechMed were in charge of the optimization of models and they manufactured the implants by Electron-Beam Melting ($EBM^{(R)}$), using an Arcam $EBM^{(R)}$ A2X machine.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 2019

A pavement construction process consists of series of lay-down operation for pavement materials to form a designated thickness and compaction operation for the lay-down layer to form a designated strength. A technological breakthrough in pavement compaction equipment was made in last 15 years in western countries: intelligent compaction roller, that is equipped with GPS along with other pavement response sensors is becoming a game-changer in pavement construction. This paper introduces AR system that may be used in asphalt pavement compaction operation using intelligent compactor. Since AR technology is very new concept in road construction society, a suggestion for accompanying education program was also made for specific task group in pavement compaction operation. Since AR technology has not been introduced in asphalt pavement compaction operation, the AR compaction management would lead the construction quality of asphalt pavement to the beyond level.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.333-338
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• 2022

Planning activity is complex process assuming the term "complexity" as a group of elements interconnected each other. The common knowledge about city planning underlines its main aim as: figuring the present, imaging the future, governing every day the territory and the way people use and live it at different scales. When considering the strength of technological opportunities and the spreading of ICT and IoT devices within everyday life, that mean within the life of cities, the complex nature of the urban system increases with the intensification of information and their connections. Recent orientations about urban and regional planning try to carry the discipline to a more flexible approach in respect to the hyperdeterminant role of direct technical applications. This passage is a fundamental aspect considering the faster and faster modifications of social and economic assets at the global and local scale. At the same time, the "environment question" became more and more relevant at the worldwide scale within the 2015 UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Another relevant aspect about the recent urban planning orientations regards the role of the different subjects that are part of the planning process. Approaching the government of smart cities means to define how every subject, with different roles (public or private), could enrich the knowledge of the functioning of the "urban machine" and the awareness of participation of people and city users in the quality of urban life. In the paper author starts defining recent approaches in urban planning, then the nature of the city as a complex system is analyzed from the point of view of planners and of the different subjects that act in the city. Then the smart city is introduced as a further level of complexity and finally author propose the basic element of a Planning Support System.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity and Cryogenics Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.339-339
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• 2002

In the RABiTS approach to coated conductor development, successful (both economic and technological) depends on the refinement and optimization of each of three important components: the metal tape substrate, the buffer layer(s), and the HTS layer. Here we will report on the ORNL approach and progress in each of these areas. - Most applications will require metal tapes with low magnetic hysteresis, mechanical strength, and excellent crystalline texture. Some of these requirements are competing. We report on progress in obtaining a good combination of these characteristics on metal alloys of Ni-Cr and Ni-W. - The deposition of appropriate buffer layers is a crucial step. Recently, base research has shown that the presence of a stable sulfur superstructure present on the metal surface is needed for the nucleation and epitaxial growth of vapor-deposited seed buffer layers such as YSZ, CeO$_2$ and SrTiO$_3$. We report on the details and control of this superstructure for nickel tapes, as well as recent results for Cu and Ni-13%Cr. - Processes for deposition of the HTS coating must economically provide large values of the figure-of-merit for conductors, current x length. At ORNL, we have devoted efforts to a precursor/post-annealing approach to YBCO coatings, for which the deposition and reaction steps are separate. We describe motivation for and progress toward developing this approach. - Finally, we address some issues for the implementation of coated conductors in real applications, including the need for texture control and electrical stabilization of the HTS coating.