• 제목/요약/키워드: Technical Reference Model

검색결과 153건 처리시간 0.022초

No-Touch vs. Conventional Radiofrequency Ablation Using Twin Internally Cooled Wet Electrodes for Small Hepatocellular Carcinomas: A Randomized Prospective Comparative Study

  • Yun Seok Suh;Jae Won Choi;Jeong Hee Yoon;Dong Ho Lee;Yoon Jun Kim;Jeong Hoon Lee;Su Jong Yu;Eun Ju Cho;Jung Hwan Yoon;Jeong Min Lee
    • Korean Journal of Radiology
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    • 제22권12호
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    • pp.1974-1984
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    • 2021
  • Objective: This study aimed to compare the efficacy between no-touch (NT) radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and conventional RFA using twin internally cooled wet (TICW) electrodes in the bipolar mode for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Materials and Methods: In this single-center, two-arm, parallel-group, prospective randomized controlled study, we performed a 1:1 random allocation of eligible patients with HCCs to receive NT-RFA or conventional RFA between October 2016 and September 2018. The primary endpoint was the cumulative local tumor progression (LTP) rate after RFA. Secondary endpoints included technical conversion rates of NT-RFA, intrahepatic distance recurrence, extrahepatic metastasis, technical parameters, technical efficacy, and rates of complications. Cumulative LTP rates were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier analysis and the Cox proportional hazard regression model. Considering conversion cases from NT-RFA to conventional RFA, intention-to-treat and as-treated analyses were performed. Results: Enrolled patients were randomly assigned to the NT-RFA group (37 patients with 38 HCCs) or the conventional RFA group (36 patients with 38 HCCs). Among the NT-RFA group patients, conversion to conventional RFA occurred in four patients (10.8%, 4/37). According to intention-to-treat analysis, both 1- and 3-year cumulative LTP rates were 5.6%, in the NT-RFA group, and they were 11.8% and 21.3%, respectively, in the conventional RFA group (p = 0.073, log-rank). In the as-treated analysis, LTP rates at 1 year and 3 years were 0% and 0%, respectively, in the NT-RFA group sand 15.6% and 24.5%, respectively, in the conventional RFA group (p = 0.004, log-rank). In as-treated analysis using multivariable Cox regression analysis, RFA type was the only significant predictive factor for LTP (hazard ratio = 0.061 with conventional RFA as the reference, 95% confidence interval = 0.000-0.497; p = 0.004). There were no significant differences in the procedure characteristics between the two groups. No procedure-related deaths or major complications were observed. Conclusion: NT-RFA using TICW electrodes in bipolar mode demonstrated significantly lower cumulative LTP rates than conventional RFA for small HCCs, which warrants a larger study for further confirmation.

DEA 모형을 이용한 TV홈쇼핑기업의 상대적 효율성 연구 (Efficiency Analysis for TV Home Shopping Companies Using DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis))

  • 김순홍;안영효;오승철
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제12권8호
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    • pp.5-15
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    • 2014
  • Purpose - The method of TV home shopping is a kind of retail method that provides the viewer with information about products and, further, sells the products to consumers through the media of television. The domestic home-shopping industry has been expanding since 1995, and there are six companies in this arena as of 2012. In this study, we evaluate the management efficiency of TV home-shopping companies and provide suggestions for improving efficiency, using the DEA (data envelopment analysis) model. Hence, we expect to contribute to the progress of the companies' efficiency and the development of the TV home-shopping industry, where deepening competition is inevitable because it is experiencing the maturing market stage in its life cycle. Research design, data, and methodology - Efficiency is the ratio of the quantity of input to the quantity of output of a product or service. It is necessary to estimate aggregate inputs and aggregate outputs, which are calculated by applying a weighting to a number of input and output factors, to measure the efficiency. The DEA model is divided into the CCR model and the BCC model. The CCR model is a basic model that assumed constant returns to scale (CRS), and the BCC model extends the CCR model to accommodate technologies exhibiting variable returns to scale (VRS), and concerns only the technical efficiency without considering the efficiency of returns to scale. In this study, we consider six companies each year from 2008 to 2012 as a DMU (Decision Making Unit) and analyze the differences in efficiency for each company in each year. Furthermore, we evaluate the operating characteristics of TV home-shopping companies, using three models, in accordance with the overall performance, profitability, and marketability of the business. Results - The result of the analysis, using DEA models, shows that Hyundai Home Shopping (2009, 2010, 2011), GS Home Shopping (2011), NS Home Shopping (2011) and CJ O Shopping (2012) possess MPSS (most productive scale size), with a score 1.0 in CCR, BCC, and scale efficiency. Particularly, Hyundai Home Shopping is shown to be the most efficient in terms of overall business performance, marketability, and profitability. The overall efficiency of the home shopping industry has displayed an increasing trend since 2008, even though it decreased marginally in 2012; further, we can observe that home shopping companies operate with increasing efficiency with the passage of time. Conclusions - Home shopping companies have focused on market expansion rather than profits, as they displayed better efficiency in marketability than increase in profitability during the period 2008-2012. In addition, the main reason for the increased efficiency in the home shopping industry is the market expansion through the revenue increase of each home shopping company. This study can be used as a reference when home shopping companies attempt to devise future strategies, as it suggests efficiency benchmarks and development levels for each home shopping company.

관로 노후도 평가결과를 이용한 상수도 관로의 잔존수명 평가 기법의 개발 (Development of techniques for evaluating residual life of water pipes based on pipe deterioration evaluation results)

  • 박수완;김기민
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제50권10호
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    • pp.673-679
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    • 2017
  • 본 논문에서는 상수관로의 효율적인 유지 관리를 위해 상수도 기술진단에서 점수평가법으로 도출된 관망성능평가결과를 이용한 상수도 관로의 내구연수 및 잔존수명 산정 방법을 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 잔존수명은 '모델에 의해 추정된 매설 후 최적교체시기까지 경과년수'를 의미하는 '내구연수'와 매설 후 경과년수의 차이로 정의하였으며, 내구연수는 관망성능평가기준으로 제시된 노후관로 판정기준 점수에 도달하는 시점으로 정의하였다. 연구대상지역의 관망성능평가에 사용된 평가항목들과 노후도 점수를 상수도 관로의 잔존수명 추정을 위한 다중회귀모델의 변수로 사용하였다. 잔존수명의 산정에 필요한 내구연수를 추정하기 위하여 구축된 회귀모델에 독립변수로 사용된 노후도 점수를 나타내는 변수의 값으로 노후관로 판정기준 점수에 해당하는 값을 대입하였다. 개발된 회귀모델을 이용하여 연구대상지역 상수도 관로의 내구연수 및 잔존수명을 산정하였으며 그 결과를 지방공기업법에서 제시하고 있는 내용연수와 비교하여 분석하였다.

국내 기록보존 연구동향 분석: 2000~2021년 학술논문을 중심으로 (A Study on the Research Trends of Archival Preservation Papers in Korea from 2000 to 2021)

  • 나연휘;박희진
    • 한국기록관리학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.175-196
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    • 2022
  • 본 연구는 연구자가 부여한 논문의 키워드 분석을 통해 기록보존 분야의 연구동향을 밝히고 시간의 경과에 따른 기록보존 분야 연구 주제의 변천과정을 파악하고자 하였다. 2000년부터 2021년까지 국내 학술지에 게재된 기록보존 연구 463편을 중심으로 NetMiner V.4를 통해 연결 중심성 분석과 매개 중심성 분석을 수행하였다. 수집한 연구논문을 학술지 게재 시기에 따라 제1구간(2000년~2007년), 제2구간(2008년~2014년), 제3구간(2015년~2021년)으로 나누어 분석하였다. 분석결과 전 구간에서는 '전자기록'과 '장기보존', 제1구간에서는 'OAIS참조모형', 제2구간에서는 '전자기록', 제3구간에서는 '기록관리기준표'과 '장기보존'이 핵심 주제 키워드로 영향력과 확장성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 제1구간에서 '디지털 보존', '디지털화', 'OAIS참조모형' 등 기록보존을 위한 개념적 틀과 이론 중심 연구, 제2구간에서 '전자기록', '평가', 'DRAMBORA' 등 보존 활동과 관련된 절차와 실제 적용 중심 연구, 제3구간에서 '데이터세트', '행정정보시스템', '소셜미디어' 등 기록관리 환경 변화에 따른 기술적 구현 연구 주제로 진행되는 과정을 확인하였다.

2D LAY-OUT을 통한 자동차 실내디자인 계획 방법 연구 (A Study on Planning Car Interior Design through Two Dimensional Lay-Out)

  • 유연식
    • 디자인학연구
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    • 제11권2호
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    • pp.215-226
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    • 1998
  • 80년대 중반까지만 해도 신형 차라고 하면 정형화된 팩키징 레이아웃을 전제로 하여 구형보다는 큰 바디이거나 거의 비슷한 레이아웃으로 형태를 조금씩 바꾸어 스타일 이미지 변형을 시도하는 방법이 주류를 이루었다. 이후 연비절감과 승차 감 향상을 위한 공역학적 바디 스타일 경쟁 시기에서도 정형화된 팩키징 레이아웃은 크게 변하지 않고 엔지니어링 부분의 고출력, 고 효율화를 통하여 상품성을 향상시키고자 하였다. 이제는 일상생활 전체에 대한 모터라이제이션의 급격한 진행과 함께 자동차 산업의 발달로 공급과잉 및 기술의 평준화가 이루어져 가고 있다. 이러한 기술 평준화 현상은 자동차 디자인에서의 혁신의 개념이 과거와는 다른 양상으로 발전되어 어떤 의미로는 진정한 의미의 자동차 디자인을 요구하는 시대에 이르렀다. 자동차 디자인에서는 외형보다는 실내의 디자인 계획이 훨씬 중요하다. 자동차 승 원의 거주 이동 목적에 맞는 컴포터빌러티 향상 노력이 자동차 디자인의 본질이기 때문이다. 본 연구는 외형 결정의 선행요소인 자동차 실내의 디자인 계획방법을 연구하여 보고 디자인 혁신을 통하여 소비자들에게 좋은 평가를 얻은 차종의 실내디자인 계획에 대한 분석적 접근을 통한 데이터 추출, 자료화로 미래지향적, 본질적 의미이 자동차 디자인 활동의 참고자료로 활용하고자 한다.

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미래 인터넷 보안 연구 동향 분석 : FIA를 중심으로 (Study on Trends of the Future Internet Security : FIA Work)

  • 전은아;이도건;이상우;서동일;김점구
    • 융합보안논문지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.79-87
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    • 2012
  • 미래인터넷은 현 인터넷 구조의 한계를 극복하여 미래의 새로운 요구사항을 수용하기 위해 Clean-slate에 기반을 둔 설계와 개발이 국내 외에서 활발히 이행되고 있다. 미래인터넷 관련 연구개발은 이미 미국, 유럽 등의 선진국에서 정부의 대규모 투자와 지원이 이루어져 미래인터넷 연구 프로그램이 추진되어 진행되고 있다. 미래인터넷의 세부 기술의 특성을 기준으로 인프라 기술, 아키텍처, 그리고 서비스 기술 분야로 구분된다. 우리나라는 특히, 인프라기술과 서비스 기술은 우위에 있는 분야이다. 이러한 기반 서비스를 미래 인터넷에 접목하기 위한 신뢰통신에 대한 연구 및 기술 개발은 경쟁력을 가질 수 있는 분야이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 미래인터넷을 위한 신뢰통신 참조모델 검증 기술 연구를 위해 미국 NSF 4개 과제에서 보안 기술 분석과 각 구조에서 보안 기능 분석에 대하여 설명한다.

An optimal discrete-time feedforward compensator for real-time hybrid simulation

  • Hayati, Saeid;Song, Wei
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • 제20권4호
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    • pp.483-498
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    • 2017
  • Real-Time Hybrid Simulation (RTHS) is a powerful and cost-effective dynamic experimental technique. To implement a stable and accurate RTHS, time delay present in the experiment loop needs to be compensated. This delay is mostly introduced by servo-hydraulic actuator dynamics and can be reduced by applying appropriate compensators. Existing compensators have demonstrated effective performance in achieving good tracking performance. Most of them have been focused on their application in cases where the structure under investigation is subjected to inputs with relatively low frequency bandwidth such as earthquake excitations. To advance RTHS as an attractive technique for other engineering applications with broader excitation frequency, a discrete-time feedforward compensator is developed herein via various optimization techniques to enhance the performance of RTHS. The proposed compensator is unique as a discrete-time, model-based feedforward compensator. The feedforward control is chosen because it can substantially improve the reference tracking performance and speed when the plant dynamics is well-understood and modeled. The discrete-time formulation enables the use of inherently stable digital filters for compensator development, and avoids the error induced by continuous-time to discrete-time conversion during the compensator implementation in digital computer. This paper discusses the technical challenges in designing a discrete-time compensator, and proposes several optimal solutions to resolve these challenges. The effectiveness of compensators obtained via these optimal solutions is demonstrated through both numerical and experimental studies. Then, the proposed compensators have been successfully applied to RTHS tests. By comparing these results to results obtained using several existing feedforward compensators, the proposed compensator demonstrates superior performance in both time delay and Root-Mean-Square (RMS) error.

Modelling of tension-stiffening in bending RC elements based on equivalent stiffness of the rebar

  • Torres, Lluis;Barris, Cristina;Kaklauskas, Gintaris;Gribniak, Viktor
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제53권5호
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    • pp.997-1016
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    • 2015
  • The contribution of tensioned concrete between cracks (tension-stiffening) cannot be ignored when analysing deformation of reinforced concrete elements. The tension-stiffening effect is crucial when it comes to adequately estimating the load-deformation response of steel reinforced concrete and the more recently appeared fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced concrete. This paper presents a unified methodology for numerical modelling of the tension-stiffening effect in steel as well as FRP reinforced flexural members using the concept of equivalent deformation modulus and the smeared crack approach to obtain a modified stress-strain relation of the reinforcement. A closed-form solution for the equivalent secant modulus of deformation of the tensioned reinforcement is proposed for rectangular sections taking the Eurocode 2 curvature prediction technique as the reference. Using equations based on general principles of structural mechanics, the main influencing parameters are obtained. It is found that the ratio between the equivalent stiffness and the initial stiffness basically depends on the product of the modular ratio and reinforcement ratio ($n{\rho}$), the effective-to-total depth ratio (d/h), and the level of loading. The proposed methodology is adequate for numerical modelling of tension-stiffening for different FRP and steel reinforcement, under both service and ultimate conditions. Comparison of the predicted and experimental data obtained by the authors indicates that the proposed methodology is capable to adequately model the tension-stiffening effect in beams reinforced with FRP or steel bars within wide range of loading.

Shape memory alloy (SMA)-based Superelasticity-assisted Slider (SSS): an engineering solution for practical aseismic isolation with advanced materials

  • Narjabadifam, Peyman;Noori, Mohammad;Cardone, Donatello;Eradat, Rasa;Kiani, Mehrdad
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • 제26권1호
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    • pp.89-102
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    • 2020
  • Shape memory alloy (SMA)-based Superelasticity-assisted Slider (SSS) is proposed as an engineering solution to practically exploit the well-accepted advantages of both sliding isolation and SMA-based recentering. Self-centering capability in SSS is provided by austenitic SMA cables (or wire ropes), recently attracting a lot of interest and attention in earthquake engineering and seismic isolation. The cables are arranged in various novel and conventional configurations to make SSS versatile for aseismic design and retrofit of structures. All the configurations are detailed with thorough technical drawings. It is shown that SSS is applicable without the need for Isolation Units (IUs). IUs, at the same time, are devised for industrialized applications. The proof-of-concept study is carried out through the examination of mechanical behavior in all the alternative configurations. Force-displacement relations are determined. Isolation capabilities are predicted based on the decreases in seismic demands, estimated by the increases in effective periods and equivalent damping ratios. Restoring forces normalized relative to resisting forces are assessed as the criteria for self-centering capabilities. Lengths of SMA cables required in each configuration are calculated to assess the cost and practicality. Practical implementation is realized by setting up a small-scale IU. The effectiveness of SSS under seismic actions is evaluated using an innovative computer model and compared to those of well-known Isolation Systems (ISs) protecting a reference building. Comparisons show that SSS seems to be an effective IS and suitable for earthquake protection of both structural and non-structural elements. Further research aimed at additional validation of the system are outlined.

u-City 서비스 구현을 위한 GMA 기반의 CIM 설계에 관한 연구 (A Study on the GMA-based CIM Design for u-City Service Implementation)

  • 옥영석;안창원;김민수
    • 한국전자거래학회지
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.287-297
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    • 2009
  • 유비쿼터스 도시(u-City)의 구축과 관련한 연구에 많은 관심을 집중되고 있지만, 여전히 많은 연구가 도시건설과 관련된 건축 측면과 기반 ICT 기술의 구현 측면으로 서로 개별적으로 다루어 지고 있다. u-City에는 다양한 서비스와 기술요소들이 혼재하기 때문에, 이러한 개별적인 접근은 효과적인 u-City의 구현을 어렵게 만드는 원인이 된다. 특히, u-City의 다양한 구성요소들이 지속적으로 변화하고 확장된다는 점에서 u-City 인프라에 대한 종합적인 연구가 더욱 다양한 측면에서 체계적으로 진행될 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 u-방재 참조 인프라에서 개념적으로 제시한 WBEM/CIM 표준과 그리드 모니터링 아키텍처(GMA)의 결합을 더욱 구체화하여 모델링 함으로써 WBEM/CIM 개발 도구를 활용하여 구현이 가능하도록 하였다. 기존의 u-City 인프라에 대한 연구가 여전히 추상적인 상태에 머물러 있는 현실에서, u-City 통합 인프라 모델을 구체화하여 구현에 더욱 다가선 모델을 제시했다는 점에서 향후 u-City 인프라에 대한 다른 연구에도 많은 참고가 될 수 있을 것이다.

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