• 인문언어
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• 제7집
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• pp.57-92
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• 2005

The main driving force behind Chomskyan theory of language that is gaining ground under the title of the "minimalist program" has been the urge to reduce the variety of natural languages to a minimal number of theoretical concepts and devices and to formulate the strongest possible hypothesis about linguistic structures. This has led to a long series of proposals of ever greater abstractness, with concomitant modifications in a number of theoretical constructs. The minimalist approach is the latest development of these constant changes, for which there is really "only one computational system and one lexicon," the differences among languages being reducible to parametric variation in "nonsubstantive parts of the lexicon"(Chomaky 1995:169-70). Chomsky thus differs, now more than ever, from other linguists by his sweepingly programmatic, rather than empirical, approach to language. The proposals he makes are too complicated to discuss here in any technical details. We rather focus on a series of lectures delivered by an ardent adherent of the minimalist program, with the view to demonstrating how this theory may mislead and distort the whole prospect of linguistic investigation. The rationale of the so-called 'minimalism' per se will be called into question.

• 오토저널
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1989

This short report describes the trend of exhaust emission control of the diesel engine vehicles in Korea, which originally was motivated from the newly proposed Emission Control Regulation of Diesel Engine Vehicles possible to be activated in 1991 by Korean Environmental Protection Agency. This short survey report has been prepared by the special working group of The Korea Society of Automotive Engineers (KSAE) on this particular subject. This report includes (1) estimation of portions of contribution of diesel engine vehicle emission to total air pollution, (2) comparison of proposals of new articles/regulations/laws in Korea with those of other selected countries such as USA, European countries, and Japan, (3) comparison of vehical emission control regulations in Korea with those in other selected countries, (4) technical aspects of possibilities of reduction of diesel engine vehicle emissions, (5) additional administrational aspects of technology development program, (6) social impact resulted from the severe emission control regulation on diesel engine vehicles, and (7) proposals, prepared by the special working group of the KSAE, on the emission control regulation of diesel engine vehicles, which can possibly bring better cleaner air released from the air pollution resulted from diesel engine exhaust emissions in real sense with minimal financial contribution, with optimal technological efforts, with less social impacts, within five to ten year period.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.42-49
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• 2022

In recent years, Owner, Architects, and Contractor are increasingly collaborating with each other from pre construction phase in construction projects, which is called Early Contractor Involvement (ECI). In Japan, the ECI method has been introduced in several public building projects since 2015. The purpose of this study is mainly to clarify the characteristics of the ECI method in Japan and to compare the contract clauses of the ECI method in the UK and the USA. The results of the survey are as follows. (1) the ECI method was supposed to make it possible to achieve appropriate quality, cost, and construction period by reflecting Contractor's technology and know-how in the design documents and specifications. (2) According to the database, there were 27 cases of the ECI method in Japan from 2015 to 2021, of which 13 cases for which bidding information could be obtained had a variety of technical proposals, mainly VE proposals, depending on the project characteristics. (3), Japan's ECI method has very much in common with SBC + PCSA in the UK. On the other hand, ECI Method in Japan differs from in the UK in that Owner, Architect, and Contractor enter into a partnership agreement, which is similar to ConsensusDocs CD541 in the USA. (4) The ECI method in Japan has the following problems: Owner depends on Contractor for cost control, the division of roles among project members is complicated, and more work from Owner than the DBB method are required.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2008

A selection technique for innovative projects on the beginning stage has been presented in this article. It can be applied in projects assessment in HEI, enterprises, development institutes, etc. It is rather difficult to assess the project quality on the beginning stage of R&D due to the uncertainty in the technical and economic indices but the new development analysis on this stage is of a great interest. By innovative project quality as a management object we will mean those characteristics relating to the results capacity of the projects and its realization process to satisfy the requirements to the innovative products competitiveness and their innovative attractiveness for investors. The most important question in the innovative projects management is the determination of its quality level under modern conditions. The aim of the research is to analyze and evaluate the decision making during the project management process. The objectives and hypotheses are assessment of an innovative project with the application of McKinsey's model is better to realizes by 3 stages: a) selection of optimal criteria; b) determination of weighing coefficients; c) projects positioning in a matrix.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2021

In the case of domestic medical device advertisements, it is possible to proceed with the advertisement after medical device certification, and pre-deliberation is possible based on the medical device technical document. However, there are some medical device advertisements that stakeholders in administrative procedures have no choice but to misunderstand in customs and laws that do not consider users. In addition, medical equipment and the pre-deliberation system were judged to be unconstitutional, and unconstitutional decisions were made in accordance with the principle of prohibiting pre-censorship based on the Constitution. This is because in domestic medical device advertisements, structural contradictions and user damage occur in the central structure of each stakeholder. It is necessary to reestablish stakeholder relationships, increase water solubility from customs and laws, and seek new policy proposals. In this study, we reestablish relationships with stakeholders by applying the Autopoiesis theory, and present the grounds and directions that can prevent hype and misidentified advertisements through the establishment of user-centered policies, and the measures to be taken by the Constitutional Court unconstitutional decision.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.136-145
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• 2008

공공건설사업의 발주방식을 다양화하려는 차원에서 재정경제부는 2007년 10월 $\ulcorner$국가계약법시행령$\lrcorner$ 개정을 통해 기술제안형 입찰인 '기술제안입찰', '설계공모 기술제안입찰'을 새로이 도입하였다. 이러한 입찰은 사업의 특성 및 목적에 맞게 입찰자들에게 기술제안서를 요구한 후 이를 평가하여 낙찰자를 선정하는 방식이다. 본 연구는 국내에 처음 적용되는 기술제안형 입찰제도의 효과적인 운영을 위한 가이드라인을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 국내외 관련 문헌 및 사례를 분석하여 운영모델의 틀을 구축하였으며, 이후 수차례의 전문가 자문을 통해 표준적인 운영 프로세스, 기술제안서 작성기준, 기술제안서 평가기준, 그리고 낙찰자 결정방법을 개발하였다. 발주자의 중요한 의사결정 요소인 낙찰자 결정방법은 가상 사례를 이용한 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 '기준적합최저가', '가중치', '가격조정입찰', '기술조정점수'의 4가지 낙찰방식이 갖는 정량적 인 특성과 적용기준을 시사점으로 도출하여 제시하였다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.71-83
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• 2012

최근 행정중심복합도시와 혁신도시, 미군기지 이전사업을 중심으로 건설공사에서의 비용절감 및 품질향상, 기술개발 및 가치구현을 목적으로 기술제안입찰방식 적용이 확대되고 있다. 이로 인하여 기술제안입찰에서 중요 평가항목 중의 하나인 '생애주기비용 개선방안'에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며, 특히 건축물 생애주기비용에 대한 신뢰성 확보 및 객관적인 평가를 수행할 수 있는 방안을 마련하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 하지만 기술제안입찰에서의 생애주기비용 개선방안에 대한 적용사례의 부족, 원안에 대한 초기공사비의 왜곡, 불변가와 현재가의 혼재, 입찰업체간 산정기준의 모호성, 용어의 불명확성, 작성양식의 미흡 등의 문제점이 지적되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기술제안입찰에서의 평가항목 중 생애주기비용 개선방안에 대한 참여업체별 변별력을 확보하고 체계적인 생애주기비용 평가를 수행하기 위하여 작성지침 및 분석기준, 작성양식에 대한 개선방안을 제시하였다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.249-263
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• 2015

Standardization work for the ocean data produced by a variety of national oceanographic research projects was conducted in order to establish a national ocean data sharing system. For this work, we first prepared standard proposals for the national research ocean data by reviewing and analyzing of existing international and domestic ocean-data standards. The proposed standards were reviewed and revised by experts in the field of oceanography and academic societies for documentation. The 125-page technical report on the standards of 25 data items was prepared as an output of this research work, which is available free of charge for the public and interested parties. This paper explains the proposed standards of metadata and codes regarding the common properties of all the oceanographic data items. Especially, the standards for the metadata, codes and data formats of 4 physical data items were described in detail. In order to be adopted as the national standards for ocean data, however, the standards suggested here require further development and/or modification based on additional reviews of and ample feedbacks from the relevant academic and technical communities.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2005년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.252-255
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• 2005

현재 IMO(International Maritime Organization)에서는 기존에 비효율적이며 사용이 제한된 NBDP를 대체할 새로운 무선설비를 채택할 계획이다. 그러므로 여러 국가에서는 디지털을 사용하는 신기술을 채택한 무선설비를 제안하고 있다. 그러나 데이터 통신을 사용하기 위해서는 기존 스펙트럼 할당을 수정해야 한다. 이외에도 신기술 채택에 따른 기존 통신 설비와 간섭 및 공유 문제 등도 분석되어야 한다. IMO는 이를 위해서 ITU(International Telecommunications Union)에 기술적분석을 요구했으며 ITU-SG8B에서는 관련무선설비에 대한 제안과 스펙트럼 및 간섭관련 무선규칙/권고를 검토하고 있다. 본 고에서는 IMO 및 ITU에 제출된 NBDP를 대체할 신기술들을 분석했으며, IMO 및 ITU 그리고IEC(International Electro-technical Commission)의 관련 표준 및 권고 개발 현황에 대해서 분석하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.363-372
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• 2000

For any particular development project or environmental regulations, decision-making criteria is required and conflicts among criteria should be resolved. It is necessary to investigate criteria that government agencies employ in making decisions that influence the environment. The evaluation of alternative development proposals and regulatory measures involves much more than environmental issues. Economic, technical, and social factors should be considered along with environmental impacts when making evaluations. Evaluation should be based on values of all individuals who may be affected by public or private decisions. There are many evaluation methods for determining how individuals and groups value alternative public actions. Numerous weighting-scaling methodologies can be used in such evaluations. These methodologies represent adaptations of multiple-criteria or multiple-attribute decision-making techniques. Environmental risk assessment which accounts for uncertainties in choosing among alternative policies and projects is increasingly used.