• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2003

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of internal fibrillation on the pulp and paper properties. The internal fibrillation was introduced into the SwBKP and recycled SwBKP by the mechanical treatment with Hobart mixer. WRV and physical properties of SwBKP were improved by the internal fibrillation. However the mechanical treatment of recycled SwBKP resulted in the decrease of strength properties of paper except for the tear index, although it was observed that WRV was somewhat increased by the mechanical treatment. The decrease of strength properties of recycled SwBKP might be caused by the hornification of fiber and the decrease of fiber strength.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.543-560
• /
• 2011

In structural engineering there are randomness inherently exist on determination of the loads, strength, geometry, and so on, and the manufacturing of the structural members, workmanship etc. Thus, objective and constraint functions of the optimization problem are functions that depend on those randomly natured components. The constraints being the function of the random variables are evaluated by using reliability index or performance measure approaches in the optimization process. In this study, the minimum weight of a space truss is obtained under the uncertainties on the load, material and cross-section areas with harmony search using reliability index and performance measure approaches. Consequently, optimization algorithm produces the same result when both the approaches converge. Performance measure approach, however, is more efficient compare to reliability index approach in terms of the convergence rate and iterations needed.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제36권2호
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2004

The effects of refining consistency and plate gap on the specific energy consumption and physical properties of liner were investigated. Higher refining consistency and narrower plate gap brought about the reduction of specific energy consumption to decrease the freeness. Refining consistency and plate gap did not affect the bulk, Taber stiffness and compression index. The reduction of freeness and/or the increase of specific energy consumption caused the decrease of bulk and Taber stiffness, but increased the compression index. The effect of grammage on bulk was not observed, but Taber stiffness and compression index were increased with grammage. The bulk was decreased with the reduction of freeness rapidly at the above 400 mL CSF, and then levelled off. It is expected that the reduction of energy consumption could be obtained from the application of higher refining consistency and narrower plate gap during refining.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.34-40
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of enzymatic treatment on the characteristics of KOCC. Novozym 342 and Pulpzyme HC were used for this purpose. Enzymatic treatment greatly increased the freeness of KOCC and Novozym 342 was more effective. WRV was improved only when KOCC was treated with 0.1% Pulpzyme HC. Pulpzyme HC was more effective to improve the flexibility of fiber(conformability angle) than Novozym 342. Coarseness of fiber was decreased with the enzymatic treatment. Fines content greatly decreased with 0.01% addition of enzymes. Novozym 342 was more effective than Pulpzyme HC for this purpose. Apparent density, tensile index and tear index decreased with enzymatic treatment, but stiffness increased. Especially the decrease of apparent density, tensile index and tear index by the treatment with Novozym 342 was significant than those of Pulpzyme HC. Therefore Novozym 342 will be suitable for the removal of fines and for bulky sheet, otherwise Pulpzyme HC will be good.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.483-487
• /
• 2008

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제35권5호
• /
• pp.1413-1416
• /
• 2014

A novel topological index (TG Index) has been introduced. The graphical matrix representation of the TG index includes the use of directed subgraphs for the first time in graph theory literature. The application of the TG index on certain properties of polyenes yielded very well correlation data.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2014

This study analyzed the effects of specific factors on the fluorescence index of the fluorescent whitening agent (FWA) that is used for internal addition. The specific factors were identified by the literature review, and a statistical survey was carried out to analyze the effects of those factors on the fluorescence index. Bulk, grammage, fillers and internal sizing agents were selected as the specific factors. The paper samples were prepared with internal FWA in a laboratory. The fluorescence indices of the model papers were measured, and p-values of the specific factors on the fluorescence index were calculated by the SPSS program. Most of p-values were greater than 0.05, so the specific factors do not have a significant impact on the internal FWA fluorescence index.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.9-17
• /
• 2001

The floc characteristics of base paper stock for coating by the retention aid system consisting of polyacrylamide (high molecular weight low charge density, HMLC) and PEI without and with anionic inorganic oxide (IO) were investigated under various shear conditions of MDDA (modified dynamic drainage analyzer). The floc size was increased with cationic electrolytes dosage whatever inorganic oxide is applied or not. The effect of inorganic oxide on the floc size showed the different result between PAM and PEI. The smaller floc was obtained by PAM without inorganic oxide, but larger floc was obtained by PAM with inorganic oxide. However, the effect of shear force was not observed. Floc formation index was decreased by the addition of cationic electrolytes with or without inorganic oxide. Floc formation index had better correlation format formation index than floc size. The relationships between wet web permeability and mat air permeability showed the significant linear correlation ($R^2$=0.97~0.98) for HML PAM and PEI. Floc formation index gave more useful information than the retention measurement when the performance of retention aids is evaluated at the laboratory before applying at the paper mill.

• 펄프종이기술
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2012

The crystallinity index is an important characteristic of cellulose. The crystallinity value is different depending on the adopted instrument. In this study, we determined a crystallinity index of cotton and wood celluloses using wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), powder X-ray diffractometer (PXRD), and cross polarization/magic angle spinning solid-state $^{13}C$ nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CP/MAS solid-state $^{13}C$ NMR). The specimen was prepared in forms of powder, sheet and pallet. With the comparison of the obtained crystallinity indices of the cellulose, the effects of the analysis instrument, the sample preparation and analysis method were investigated. Among three instruments, the crystallinity indices by PXRD and NMR had a good relationship and reproducibility, and WAXS gave the crystallinity index with poor reproducibility. In the case of analysis methods of crystallinity indices, the Segal method showed higher value than that of the Ruland-Vonk method. We expect that this study would be applicable to evaluate the crystallinity index of various cellulose materials with accuracy and reproducibility.

• 경영과학
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.1-18
• /
• 2007

This paper presents a consolidated patent index to measure national technology innovation and science technology activation, as well as index for the main constituent such as corporation, research organization by comprehensive analysis of existing patent index. It is classified by macroscopic index and analytical index in the consolidated patent index, in which macroscopic index is to present a degree of innovation in national scientific innovation and is divided into the Consolidated Patent Index and Index for comparison between countries. The analytical index basically designed to measure R&D activity by the main constituent is divided to present by quantitative index utilizing bibliographical data in patent and other technical publication related therein, and qualitative index for analysis of bibliographical data. In this paper, the Consolidated Patent Index is presented by adding Creation Index representing for patent by developing excellent technology, Evaluation Index representing valuable technology thereof, and Utility Index representing applicability diffused.