• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2002

Inguinal hernia is a major surgical disease in pediatric surgery, occurring in 3.5% to 5% of all mature newborns and 9% to 11% of all premature babies. The objective of this study is to analyze the predisposing factors in association with recurrences of inguinal hernias in infants and children. In the period from January 1995 to September 2001, 1,575 infants and children who had primary inguinal hernias or recurrent inguinal hernias operated on at the Department of Pediatric Surgery at Seoul National University Hospital were evaluated retrospectively. We evaluated the data by medical records and by telephone interview. The sex, age, location of hernia, comorbidity, prematurity, incarceration, interval to operation after incarceration, postoperative complications were analyzed as predisposing factors in associated with hernia recurrence. Operative findings of recurrent inguinal hernia were reviewed. The data were statistically analyzed with Pearson Chi-Square test and Fisher-exact test. A total of eighteen (1.14%) out of 1,575 patients underwent an operation due to recurrent inguinal hernia. In 5 (27.8%) out of 18 recurred patients, institution of the primary herniorrhaphy was our hospital and in the other 13 (72.2%) was outside hospital. No impact on the development of recurrences was seen for sex, age, interval to operation after incarceration, and postoperative complications. The significant predisposing factors of recurrent inguinal hernias were left inguinal hernias (p=0.002), comorbidity (p=0.002), prematurity (p=0.006), incarceration (p=0.017) and technical error of first herniorrhaphy. We expect that knowledge for predisposing factors of recurrent inguinal hernias and experienced skill of pediatric surgeons will decrease recurrence rate in primary inguinal hernia.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.185-197
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• 1999

In the family life cycle, the most important task the families with school children should perform is ‘child education’ and ‘socialization’ However, economic stress on poor families with school children presents multiple problems through the shortage of resources necessary for child education and socialization, inappropriateness of family appraisal, and the insufficiency of the control channels for the efficient management of these confined resources and appropriate appraisal. The objectives of this article are : First, to report research on the actual conditions of the poor families in one area of Cheju and on the relevant health welfare policy, and to examine the appropriateness of the direction and the substance of this policy in terms of the intervention in economic stress on the poor families under the categories of resource management and control of appraisal. Second, to analyze qualitative data extracted from the memoirs of single-parent families living in several areas of Korea under the conceptual framework constructed by literature review in order to get a better understanding of the stress which poor families with school children have experienced. And third, to confirm the factors that can be risk factor but, at the same time, strength to these poor families from presented data and to use them as the basic data from which an intervention model can be developed, based on resource management and control of appraisal. The findings of this article are : First, while the number of absolute poor families in one area of Cheju is increasing and, as a result, the danger of the possibility that multiple problems will occur is also growing, the supporting level of the current policy is no more than a direct resource offer and there is no evidence that resource management is being professionally carried out. When it comes to control of appraisal, due to absence of the professional human resources in this matter, policy performances such as technical education training can have a negative impact. Second, a conceptual framework introduced in this article, ; Economic Pressure → Helplessness → Poor self-esteem → Marital Conflict → Parent-Child financial conflict → Inappropriate socialization → Poor child social competence : is partly verified. And third, judging from the results of the qualitative data, it is confirmed that the healing families, having overcome poverty, show several positive characteristics including : hope, strength, and social support. These findings are identified with the factors of resiliency considered above. According to these results, this article suggests the following. The anti -poverty policy in the future should focus not only on a direct resource offer but also on resource management and the control of appraisal that can magnify its effects. In particular, close attention should be paid to school children since they are in the most crucial period for socialization. Moreover, an emotional labor is such an essential resource for intervention that skilled nurses should play pivotal roles.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2016

Recently, overseas plant orders of domestic enterprises are steadily increased, and the amount of orders in the first half of 2014 were 93% increased compared to the previous year. In addition, now which is the third quarter of 2015, overseas plant orders are already over 249.8 billion dollars so the interests of plant industry research has been increased. In the life cycle of the plant project, CM before the construction stage is to complement the uncertainties that are inherent in the early stages of the project, and from the viewpoint of supporting the rational decision-making, the importance of its role is on the rise. Among them, excavating and investing participation plan in the planning stage is an important work that has a large impact force to influence the success and failure of future project. However, the work has become a problem with frequent consultations due to decision-making, continuous modification, and inefficient repetitive tasks. Therefore, it is needed that work process should be changed to effectively accommodate. The purpose of this paper is to derive the major work items for excavating and investing participation plan in the planning stage of the plant project, and establish a standardized work process through the Delphi analysis. The result of this study is expected to be utilized for EPC companies in ensuring the technical competitiveness in planning on overseas markets, and improve the efficiency of work.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.14C no.5
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• pp.417-424
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• 2007

Mesh networks using WLAN technology have been paid attention as a key wireless access technology. However, many technical issues still exist for its successful deployment. One of those issues is the routing problem that addresses the path setup through a WLAN mesh network for the data exchanges between a station and a wired network. Since the characteristics of a WLAN mesh network can be very dynamic, the use of single routing protocol would not fit for all environments whether it is reactive or proactive. Therefore, it is required to develop an adaptive routing protocol that modifies itself according to the changes in the network parameters. As a logical first step for the development, an analytical model considering all the dynamic features of a WLAN mesh network is required to evaluate the performance of a reactive and a proactive routing scheme. In this paper, we propose an analytical model that makes us scrutinize the impact of the network and station parameters on the performance of each routing protocol. Our model includes the size of a mesh network, the density of stations, mobility of stations. and the duration of network topology change. We applied our model to the AODV that is a representative reactive routing protocol and DSDV that is a representative proactive routing protocol to analyze the tradeoff between AODV and DSDV in dynamic network environments. Our model is expected to help developing an adaptive routing protocol for a WLAN mesh network.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.698-705
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• 2014

R&D investment has rised in recent years. Korea's R&D budget is 43.8 trillion won which is 3.74% adjusted gross domestic product in 2010. Technological advances and technical inovation will bring productivity growth to Firm and Firm's productivity growth will increase GDP in sequence. Therefore the importance of study on the Firm's R&D industry is getting growing. In this study we attempt to analyse the economic impact of the Firm's R&D industry through several years using an inter-industry analysis. Specifically, this study analyze production-inducing effect, value added inducing effect, and employ-inducing effect based on demand-driven model. The analysed results of year from 1995 to 2009, the Firm's R&D investment increases production-inducing effect, value added inducing effect, and employ-inducing effect with the course of time. This means that influence of the Firm's R&D industry has increased.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2017

Recently, ammonia leak occurred frequently in the domestic refrigeration manufacturing facilities. Ammonia caused great damage to the environment and human health in the event of an accident as combustible gases and toxic gases. After considering the types of ammonia accidents of domestic refrigeration manufacturing facilities and selected accident scenarios and to analyze the risk analysis through Impact range estimates and frequency analysis and there was a need to establish measures to minimize accident damage. In this study, depending on the method of analysis quantitative risk assessment we analyzed the risk of the receiver tank of ammonia system. Scenario analysis conditions were set according to the 'Technical guidelines for the selection of accident scenario' under the chemicals control act and 'Guidelines for chemical process quantitative risk analysis' of center for chemical process safety. The risk estimates were utilized for consequence analysis and frequency analysis by SAFETI program of DNV, event tree analysis methodology and part count methodology. The individual risk of ammonia system was derived as 7.71E-04 / yr, social risk were derived as 1.17E-03 / yr. The derived risk was confirmed to apply as low as reasonably practicable of the national fire protection association and through risk calculation, it can be used as a way to minimize accidents ammonia leakage accident damage.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.25-53
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• 2009

The purpose of this paper is to analysis sectoral patterns of technological innovation in Korean manufacturing sector. Pavitt(1984) put forward a well-known taxonomy that industries three groups of industries characterized by markedly different innovative modes, namely science-based, production-intensive and supplier-dominated industries. Using Pavitt's taxonomy as a framework, we try to explain similarities and differences among sectors in the sources and impact of innovations. Based on a sample of 2,371 firms in manufacturing industry, this paper investigated its relevance to explain the sources and directions of innovative activities in Korean industries. Empirical study shows that in supplier dominated firms most process innovations come from suppliers of equipment and materials. In science-based firms product innovation is produced internally, based on the rapid development of the underlying sciences in the universities and research institutes. It also shows that production-intensive firms have a positive association between innovativeness and customer collaboration. This explanation has implications for our understanding of the sources and directions of technical changes, the formation of technological advantages at the level of both region and country.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.327-332
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• 2021

Materials used for education include SM20C, Al6061, and acrylic. SM20C materials are used a lot in certification tests and functional competitions as carbon steel, but they are also used in industrial sites. Al6061 is said to be a material that produces a lot of tools because it has lower hardness than carbon steel and is highly flexible. When practical guidance is given to students using acrylic materials, it is a material that causes vibration and tool damage due to excessive cutting. In this process, we examine how impact on the 5-axis equipment 2NC head can affect precision control. The weakest part of a five-axis equipment is the head that controls the AC axis. In the event of precision and cumulative tolerances in this area, the precision of all products is reduced. Thus, a key part of the 2NC head, the spindle housing was carried out using Al7075 T6 (U.S. Alcoasa) material and the entire body using FCD450 (spherical graphite cast iron). In the vibration and cutting process acting on these two materials, the analysis was carried out to determine the value of applying the force as a finite element analysis under extreme conditions. We hope that using these analytical data will help students see and understand the structure of 5-axis machining rather than 5-axis cutting.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.145-178
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• 2020

This paper examines discussions surrounding cognitive liberty, neuro-privacy, and mental integrity from the perspective of Neuro-rights. The right to control one's neurological data entails self-determination of collection and usage of one's data, and the right to object to any way such data may be employed to negatively impact oneself. As innovations in neurotechnologies bear benefits and downsides, a novel concept of the neuro-rights has been suggested to protect individual liberty and rights. In Oct. 2020, the Chilean Senate presented the 'Proyecto de ley sobre neuroderechos' to promote the recognition and protection of neuro-rights. This new bill defines all data obtained from the brain as neuronal data and outlaws the commerce of this data. Neurotechnology, especially when paired with big data and artificial intelligence, has the potential to turn one's neurological state into data. The possibility of inferring one's intent, preferences, personality, memory, emotions, and so on, poses harm to individual liberty and rights. However, the collection and use of neural data may outpace legislative innovation in the near future. Legal protection of neural data and the rights of its subject must be established in a comprehensive way, to adapt to the evolving data economy and technical environment.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.171-181
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• 2019

In order to confirm whether innovation can be realized through the direction that companies pursue, this study empirically analyzed the relationship between strategic directionality and innovation capacity. Specifically, strategic directionality is divided into customer orientation and technology orientation, and innovation capacity is classified into strategic planning capacity, R&D capacity, and technology commercialization capacity based on previous studies. And the effect of customer and technology orientation on each innovation capacity was analyzed. Data collection was carried out by 368 questionnaires from the workers of manufacturing industry in Gyeongbuk area and the proposed hypotheses were tested by using structural equation. As a result, it was confirmed that technology orientation had significant effects on all three innovation capacities. However, the effect of customer orientation on strategic planning capacity and technical commercialization capacity was accepted, but the relationship with R&D capacity was rejected. These results can provide implications for how to draw innovation from the organizational strategic direction and culture perspectives by explaining the impact of organizational orientation on innovation capacity.