• Title/Summary/Keyword: Tear index

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Comparison of Retention of Calcium Carbonate and Mechanical and Optical Properties of Sheets in Various Retention System (여러 가지 보류시스템에서 탄산칼슘의 보류와 종이의 기계적·광학적 특성의 비교)

  • Paik, Ki-Hyon;Ahn, Byoung-Jun;Shon, Sang-Don
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.315-320
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    • 1996
  • In this paper, we investigated the retention amounts(ash contents) according to the addition amounts of retention aid and calcium carbonate and compared the mechanical and optical properties of sheets under the same ash content. As the addition amounts of retention aid increase, the retention of calcium carbonate, that is, ash contents of sheets increase in all retention system. In this case, the sheets included ash content as already expected is produced by adjusting the addition amounts of retention aid and calcium carbonate. Tensile index, burst index, tear index, internal bonding strength of sheets straightly decrease as the ash content of sheets increases. Especially, in the same ash content, all sorts of strength are high in compozil system, low in dual polymer system. Opacity increases along with according to the increase of ash content, and is high in hydrocol system, the worst in dual polymer system. In equal opacity, the strength of paper decreases compozil, hydrocol, and dual polymer system in order. But to judge she superiority or inferiority of retention aids, it should consider the various factors such as the optimum production and process conditions besides the retention amounts of filler and the sheet strength.

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Gemological Comparison between Gwangdong Tektite and Baikdusan Obsidian (텍타이트와 흑요석의 보석학적 특징비교 - 중국 광동 텍타이트와 백두산 흑요석을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Won-Sa
    • Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.181-191
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    • 2007
  • The gemological charateristics of Gwangdong tektites and Baikdusan obsidians were investigated, using microscopy, density and refractive index measurements, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass spectrometry, X-ray powder diffraction, and electron microprobe analysis. The Gwangdong tektites and Baikdusan obsidians are both black in colour and slightly trans-lucent with various shades of brown when cut into a few mm thick. Both the materials yield conchoidal fracture on broken surface. The tektites occur as tear-drop shapes, ranging from 4 to 10 cm long, and in spheres, from 3 to 5 cm in diameter. On the surface numerous shallow pits up to 3 mm in diameter are present. Mohs' hardness and specific gravity are 5 to 5.5 and 2.66, respectively. The tektites are singly refractive, with an refractive index of 1.51. Numerous spherical air bubbles are randomly scattered throughout the tektites, and silica-rich glass inclusions are occasionally seen. X-ray powder diffraction analysis verifies that they are non-crystalline. The Baikdusan obsidians show very similar properties to those of the Gwangdong tektites, especially in hardness, amorphous nature and fracture. Nevertheless, the Baikdusan obsidian can readily be distinguished from the Gwangdong tektites by refractive index ($1.49{\sim}1.50$), specific gravity (2.67 to 2.68), and inclusions (absence of bubbles and presence of sanidine and magnetite crystals).

The Use of Arthroscopic UU Stich for Rotator Cuff Tear and Clinical Results (회전근 개 파열의 관절경하 봉합에서 새로운 봉합 방법의 이용)

  • Ko, Sang-Hun;Shin, Seung-Myeong;Choi, Young-Jin;Cha, Jae-Ryong;Park, Han-Chang
    • Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.67-72
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: There are various known methods for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The purpose of this retrospective study is to report on the clinical results and anatomical results of UU repair surgery, which is a new repair method. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 156 patients (88 men and 68 women) who underwent UU repair for rotator cuff tears from January 2009 to May 2010 in our hospital. Their average age was 55 years old (range: 38~75 years old) and the average follow-up period was 12 months (range: 6~23 months). For determining the results, we evaluated the VAS for pain, the daily living index (ADL) in the ASES scores, the UCLA and KSS scores, and all these tests were conducted at the first hospital visit and 6 months and 1 year after surgery and at the final follow-up. During the follow-up period, MRI was performed 3 and 6 months after surgery only in the patients who consented to MRI scans to confirm the presence of re-rupture. Results: The average scores of the VAS as a pain indicator decreased from 7.0 before surgery to 2.7 after surgery (p<0.05). The UCLA and KSS scores increased from 22.2 to 32.5 and from 83.7 to 91.5, and the changes was significant (p<0.05). For the active joint range of motion, the average forward flexion was improved from 125 to 175 degrees, the average lateral external rotation was improved from 38 to 58 degrees, and the average abduction was improved from 104 to 169 degrees. Out of a total of 156 patients, re-rupture was observed in 4 cases (3%) of 117 cases (75%) for which MRI was performed (with consent) between 3 and 6 months after surgery. Conclusion: UU repair surgery as arthroscopic repair of rotator cuff tear is a good repair method that shows excellent clinical results and a low re-rupture rate.

Clinical and Radiological Results after Arthroscopic Superior Capsular Reconstruction in Patients with Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears

  • Yoon, Jeong Yong;Kim, Paul Shinil;Jo, Chris Hyunchul
    • Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.59-66
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    • 2018
  • Background: Massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are a challenging clinical problem in young patients. In recent years, arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction (ASCR) is a popular treatment in the massive, irreparable RCTs. However, studies reporting clinical results of ASCR are rare in the literature. Methods: Between 2013 and 2015, six patients underwent ASCR. One patient treated with dermal allograft, while five patients with autogenous fascia lata graft. Demographic data, as well as preoperative and last follow-up clinical data including pain, range of motion (ROM), strength, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons system, the Constant system, the University of California at Los Angeles system, the Simple Shoulder Test, and the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index system were obtained. Acromiohumeral distances and Hamada classification were measured on standard anteroposterior x-ray. Results: All patients were men, and the average age was $59.5{\pm}4.18years$ (range, 53-65 years).The minimum follow-up was 18 months with a mean follow-up was $27.33{\pm}7.58months$ (range, 18-36). All patients had postoperative improvement in pain scores and functional scores. The ROM and strength did not improve after surgery. The Hamada score progressed of radiographic stage in 2 patients. In the case of dermal allograft, there was graft failure 6 weeks after ASCR. Conclusions: Our results support the ASCR as a viable treatment for surgical salvage in massive, irreparable RCTs. This treatment option may provide patients with decreased pain and increased function. And studying our case of dermal allograft failure provides opportunities to decrease graft failure in ASCR using dermal allograft.

Minimally Invasive Lumbar Spinal Decompression : A Comparative Study Between Bilateral Laminotomy and Unilateral Laminotomy for Bilateral Decompression

  • Kim, Seok-Won;Ju, Chang-Il;Kim, Chong-Gue;Lee, Seung-Myung;Shin, Ho
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.195-199
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    • 2007
  • Objective : Bilateral laminotomy and unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression are becoming the minimally invasive procedures for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). With the aim of less invasiveness and better preservation of spinal stability. these techniques have been developed. But there are no large randomized studies to show the surgical results between these two techniques. The objective of this study was to examine the safety and efficacy of these two minimally invasive techniques. Methods : A total of 80 patients were included in this study (Group I : bilateral laminotomy, Group II : Unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression). Perioperative parameters and complications were analyzed. Symptoms and scores such as visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, and SF-36 scores of prospectively accrued patients were assessed preoperatively and at 1 month and 12 months after surgery. Paired-t test, two-sample student-t tests, and non parametric tests were used to determine cross-sectional differences between two groups. Results : No major complications such as spinal instability or deaths occurred during follow-up periods. VAS, ODI scores and SF-36 body pain and physical function scores showed statistically significant improvements in both groups (p<0.001). The significant widening of the spinal canal diameter was also noted in both groups. But, in Group II. there were minor postoperative complications such as dural tear (2 cases 5.0%), fracture of ipsilateral inferior facet (1 case 2.5%), and 5 cases of transient leg symptoms of contralateral side. Conclusion : Both bilateral laminotomy and unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression allow achievement of adequate and long-lasting operative results in patients with LSS. But postoperative complications are more frequent in Group II (unilateral laminotomy and bilateral decompression). These results indicate that bilateral laminotomy is the preferred minimally invasive technique to treat symptomatic LSS.

The Immediate Effects of Functional Taping on Pain, Muscle Strength, and Range of Motion of the Shoulder After Surgery in Patients With Rotator Cuff Tears (기능적 테이핑이 어깨둘레근 수술 후 환자의 어깨관절 통증과 근력, 관절가동범위에 미치는 즉각적 영향)

  • Mun, Yu-ri;Kim, Suhn-yeop
    • Physical Therapy Korea
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.19-29
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    • 2017
  • Background: Patients after rotator cuff (RC) surgery experienced pain, weakness and limited of motion of the shoulder. Physical therapists have used heat therapy, electrotherapy, range of motion (ROM) exercise and other methods to treat patients after RC surgery. In addition, functional taping is also used to support joint movement and to increase shoulder joint stability. Objects: The purpose of this study was to determine the initial effects of functional taping using non-elastic tape on pain, strength and ROM of the shoulder following RC surgery. Methods: Forty-eight patients with who underwent RC surgery volunteered for this study. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group (EG, $n_1=25$) and a control group (CG, $n_2=23$). First, non-allergic tape was applied to the shoulder to prevent skin irritation. The EG applied functional taping using non-elastic tape and the CG applied sham taping using elastic tape. Assessment tools included the shoulder pain and disability index for functional activity score, visual analog scale for level of pain, shoulder muscle strength, hand grip strength and ROM testing. Results: Pain score in the both group significantly decreased (p<.05), and change in pain score of in the EG increased significantly than in the CG (p<.05). Shoulder strength and ROM in the both group significantly increased (p<.05). Especially external rotation and extension of the shoulder ROM in the EG increased significantly more than in the CG (p<.05), but the rate of change in the two groups showed no significant difference. Conclusion: These results suggest that functional taping using non-elastic tape was initially effective in decreasing pain score level in patients with RC surgery.

The technical transfer on manufacture technique of environmental-friendly leather for improved effluent in beamhouse process (피혁 폐수의 오염 저감을 위한 피혁 준비 공정 기술 보급 (Hair saving liming agent 제조 기술 및 공정 적용 기술 보급))

  • Yun, Jous-Kuk;Cho, Do-Kwang;Park, Jae-Hyung;Baek, In-Kyu;Kim, Han-do
    • Clean Technology
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.111-120
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    • 2004
  • Manufacturing with a chemical for eco-friendly leather for nitrogen decrease of leather falling hair process waste water and the falling hair process that a number to decrease with sulfuration water decrease, a pollution load of COD, BOD. In this study manufactured lining agent and the unhairing assist product which did urea, mercaptan by basic matter. As a result of having dealt in hair saving process, compared, and was recalled by the existing hair burning process recovered hair, increased approximately 2times. Grain state to influence the yield that was quality of leather and an index of productivity evaluation, an improvement of contraction phenomenon (drawing) were possible. Is increased going seal, tear strength property of matter and softness and touch leather native nature in wet blue. Also, it is possible confirmation with decrease being more possible than about 50% COD, T-N density in a hair saving waste water.

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Work-Related Risk Factors of Knee Meniscal Tears in Korean Farmers: A Cross-Sectional Study

  • Hong, Chae Young;Lee, Chul Gab;Kim, Dong Hwi;Cho, Yong Soo;Kim, Kweon Young;Ryu, So Yeon;Song, Han Soo
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.485-490
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    • 2020
  • Background: Meniscal tears are among the major risk factors for knee osteoarthritis progression. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between meniscal tears and work-related factors in the farming occupation. Methods: The participants included 486 farmers (238 men and 248 women), aged 40-69 years, who were among the 550 farmers registered in the Korea Farmer's Knee Cohort (KFKC). Data such as those on gender, age, body mass index (BMI), mechanical axis, cumulative heavy-lifting working time (CLWT), cumulative squatting working time (CSWT), and previous knee injury history were collected from the questionnaire, along with whole leg radiographic findings. Two radiologists assessed the magnetic resonance images of both knees to confirm the presence of meniscal tears. The factors related to meniscal tears were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: A total of 54.5% of the farmers (48.7% of men and 60.1% of women) had meniscal tears. These tears were associated with gender, age, and BMI. We also identified an association between meniscal tears and CSWT, an especially important factor in farming [10,000-19,999 working hours, odds ratio = 2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14-4.07, ≥20,000 working hours, odds ratio = 2.35, 1.45-3.80]. However, mechanical axis, knee injury history, and CLWT were not significantly related to meniscal tears. Conclusion: This study's findings show that squatting for long periods, as an occupational factor, is related to meniscal tears.

The Effect of Paper Making Methods and Dochim of Handmade Korean Paper(Hanji) on the Strength (수록 한지의 초지방식과 도침이 강도적 성질에 미치는 영향)

  • Jeon, Cheol
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.134-143
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    • 2002
  • According to the result of the experiment, except that Oebal Hanji making, which does not consider the fiber orientation, has a smaller difference between its strength of width and length direction than of Ssangbal Hanii making, there is not a significant difference between Oebal Hanji making and Ssangbal Hanji making. In addition, even though Oebal Hanji making produced indigenous technique is generally felt sturdy because its absolute strength is enhanced by applying fine materials and overlaying several sheets of paper, its relative strength, which is expressed in an index, is not far beyond that of Ssangbal Hanji making Study on the effect of Dochim revealed that Dochim improves remarkably folding endurance and enhances breaking length and the burst strength. Especially, Dochim increase tensile strength. It was also revealed that, indigenous Oebal Hanji making, the higher the number of sheets of paper overlaid is, the higher the tear strength is the increase relatively higher than those of other types of strength. Consequently, Dochim treatment greatly reinforces the imperfect strength of indigenous Hanji. We consider that if we apply Dochim treatment to Ssangbal Hanji making it may bring about abnormal imbalance of strength. We can benefit from the characteristic strength of Oebal Hanji making only when performing paper making and Dochim considering fiber orientation.

안구건조증의 침 치료에 대한 최근 임상 연구 동향 분석 - 2010년 이후 Pubmed, Cochrane Library 검색 중심으로

  • Ji-One Im;Ji-Young Choi;Seon-Young Jee;Min Hwangbo
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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    • v.36 no.2
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    • pp.10-25
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    • 2023
  • Objectives : The purpose of this review is to validate the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment on dry eye syndrome. Methods : Through foreign online databases(Pubmed, Cochrane Library) and domestic online databases(Science On, OASIS) we only searched for Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) that performed acupuncture for dry eye syndrome from January 2010 to December 2022. Results : The most commonly used acupoints were 風池(GB20), 贊竹(BL2) and the most commonly used meridian was the gall bladder meridian of foot-shaoyang. The most commonly used evaluation criteria was Tear Break Up Time(TBUT) followed by Schirmer Test and Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI). In most of 8 studies, acupuncture treatment showed significant therapeutic effects. Conclusions : According to this study results, acupuncture can be suggested to effective way for treating dry eye syndrome. More clinical studies are needed to prove the effectiveness of the acupuncture on dry eye syndrome.