• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2006

목적: 호스피스 완화간호 실무를 향상시키기 위하여 간호사를 위한 호스피스 완화의료 기본 교육과정을 개발하기 위함이다. 방법 간호사를 대상으로 하는 국내외 호스피스 완화의료 7개 교육과정의 내용을 비교하였으며, 전국의 호스피스 완화의료 기관에서 근무하는 간호사 162명에게 우편으로 교육 요구도를 조사하였다. 결과: 1. 국내외 교육과정에서 공통적으로 다루고 있는 내용은 호스피스 완화요법의 이해, 삶과 죽음의 이해, 말기 환자의 통증 및 증상관리, 기관견학 및 실습, 호스피스 병동 운영의 실제, 가정 호스피스, 건강사정(신체사정), 치료적 의사소통, 아동 호스피스, 호스피스 운영관리, 호스피스 완화의료 팀, 호스피스 완화의료의 윤리와 법, 심리적 사회적 영적 돌봄, 임종 관리, 사별가족관리 등이었다. 2. 간호사의 호스피스 완화의료에 대한 교육 요구도가 3.5점 이상인 문항은 34개였다. 교육 요구도가 높았던 문항은 '죽음의 이해 ', '죽음에 대한 태도와 반응', '통증의 이해와 평가' 등이었고, 이전에 교육받은 경험이 많았던 문항은 '통증 및 증상완화', '호스피스의 윤리와 법', '호스피스 협력 및 홍보체계 구축'이었다. 3. 17개 내용을 강의, 토론 및 증례 등의 교육방법을 통하여 이론교육 48시간과 실습교육 30시간, 총 78시간의 기본 교육과정 을 구성하였다. 결론: 앞으로 개발된 교육과정으로 교육을 시행하여 효과를 평가하고, 호스피스 완화의료기관 실무자들의 교육 요구도를 정기적으로 파악하여 실무의 발전에 기여할 수 있는 표준 교육과정을 개발하는 것이 필요하다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.60-82
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• 1977

The purpose of this study is first, to analyse the present nursing education and the curriculum in Korea in view of the changes and the new tendency of nursing education and second, to compare our curriculum with that of America, where nursing activities are actively earring on and, third, to try to find out what we should reconsider and improve in our nursing education. The object of this study is the educational program and the curriculum from 1973 to 1976 by selecting each five from colleges and department of nursing in Korea and America. The results of the study were as fellows : . 1. The aim of nursing education puts impassion the role of leader, knowledge and technology of nursing, welfare of society and service of community in both the America and Korea. In Korea nursing is mainly restricted to the treatment of diseases, while in the America the items of the aim of nursing are mainly extended to the capacity for Self- realization of nurse, in Korea they are restricted to the treatment of diseases. 2. In Korea the rate of credit of the curriculum of nursing education is the highest in professional education, next in general education, next in supporting science and educational subject, while in America the rate of the credit is the highest in general education, next professional education and then supporting Science and educational subject isn′t included in the curriculum. 3. In both Korea and America the role of the animal credit allotment in general education, is the highest in the first year and the rate in supporting science is the highest in the second year. In Korea professional subjects are concentrated in the third year while in America there is a tendency that they are increasing in number in the grade order. 4. There is a tendency that the rate of the credit allotment of the main professional subjects in curriculum is higher in Korea than in America : that is, in Korea the rate of the allotment of the credit is the highest in medical - surgical nursing, next maternal - child nursing, next community - health nursing and the psychiatric nursing and there in a great difference in the rate of the allotment of each credit. While in America the rate of the allotment of the credit is the highest in community - health nursing, next in medical- surgical nursing, next in maternal - child nursing, and then in psychiatric nursing and there is little difference in the rate of tile allotment of each credit. 5. From general education, supporting science and professional education, they have considered the continuity and sequence in the structure of nursing curriculum of Korea and America. While in Korea we have partly made integration in tile content of the subjects. Most of the school in America, they have made integration in the content of subjects especially in all subjects, but in Korea we haven't made it in all subjects. 6. In the system and form of nursing education Problem solving method, Dialectical method and operational method are introduced in some America schools and in others there is a tendency that the whole nursing education has the system based on Preventive frame - work or Health -illness frame work ; while only one college has an attempt for Health - Illness continue in Korea. 7. In Korea nursing education, as the importance of health- nursing and team nursing, the aim which is also comparatively emphasized is about health management and service of collective community. The subject pertaining to the aim is the studies of community health nursing, which are more in number in America. 8. When we consider the association between the social, general aims ?f the nursing education and the formation of the curriculum in Korean nursing school the courses of study concerning "the role of leadership and cooperative personal relation": "nursing care for the group": dynamic nursing care": and "the system of the public health nursing associated with the understanding of the regional community" are insufficient as compared with those of America. Especially, the lack of the behavioral science including the nursing care connected with the care for the group, the basic science on the clinical and developmental psychology, anthropology in known to be a prominent issue.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.127-160
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• 2014

유엔 우주평화적이용위원회는 우주의 평화적 이용을 위한 국제 협력의 촉진, 유엔의 우주 관련 프로그램의 수립, 우주 연구의 독려와 관련 정보의 보급, 그리고 우주의 이용과 탐사로부터 발생하는 법적 문제를 연구하기 위하여 1959년 유엔 총회의 상설위원회로 설립되었다. 우주평화적이용위원회의 회원국은 설립 당시 24개국에서 2014년 현재 76개국으로 확대되었다. 우주활동에 고유한 법적 문제를 다루기 위하여 1962년 설립된 우주평화적이용위원회 법률소위원회는 30여 년간 5개 조약(1967 우주조약, 1968 구조 협정, 1972 책임협약, 1975 등록협약, 1979 달협정)과 5개 원칙 및 선언을 체결 또는 채택하였다. 우주평화적이용위원회의 이러한 노력으로, 관습국제법이 거의 전무하다시피 한 우주 분야에 새로운 국제법 체계를 성립되었다. 그러나 실제 문제에 대한 국제우주법의 적용을 비롯하여 지속적인 기술 발전에 따라 새로운 유형의 우주활동이 등장하자, 기존의 국제우주법에 대한 회의적 시각이 조금씩 표출되었다. 우주평화적이용위원회는, UNISPACE III를 계기로, 법률소위원회의 논의에 활기를 불어놓고 국제사회가 직면한 새로운 법적 이슈에 대응하기 위하여, 의제를 세 가지 유형으로 분류하였다: 정규 의제, 단일 의제, 복수년 의제. 정규 의제는 일단 채택이 되면 기한의 제한 없이 매년 토의하는 의제로서, 영공과 우주의 경계획정, 유엔 5개 우주 관련 조약의 현황과 적용, 우주의 평화적 탐사와 이용에 관한 국내입법 등이 있다. 단일 의제는 논의 기한이 1년이며 다음해 해당 의제를 계속 논의할 것인지의 여부는 당년에 결정된다. 2015년 단일 의제로 우주에서 핵동력원 사용 원칙의 검토와 개정 그리고 우주쓰레기 경감 조치 관련 법 메커니즘에 대한 정보 교류가 있다. 복수년 의제는 상세한 법적 분석이 필요한 의제의 경우 작업반을 설립하여 다년간 논의하는 의제로서, 우주의 평화적 탐사와 이용을 위한 국제협력 메커니즘과 비구속력 국제문서가 있다. 그리고 법률소위원회의 최근 논의는 핵동력원, 우주쓰레기, 국제 협력 등에 집중되어 있으며, 법률소위원회는 비구속력 문서, 즉 연성법을 통해 이러한 문제를 규제하려고 한다. 우리나라는 1994년 말레이시아 그리고 페루와 함께 2년간 순환제로 우주평화적이용위원회에 참여해 오다, 2001년 정식 회원국이 되었다. 그러나 차드, 시에라리온, 케냐, 레바논, 카메룬 등과 같이 오늘날 우주활동을 거의 수행하지 않는 국가들이 1960~70년대 우주평화적이용위원회에 가입하여 유엔 5개 우주 관련 조약과 유엔 총회 결의문의 작성에 참여한 것을 보면 우리나라의 우주평화적이용위원회의 가입은 매우 늦은 편이다. 한편, 법률소위원회는 조약 체결의 어려움과 규제의 시급성을 감안하여 유엔 총회 결의, 가이드라인 등 연성법의 형성에 중점을 두고 있다. 이와 관련하여, 우리나라는 국내의 우주 관련 과학기술, 정책, 법 등을 분석하여 연성법의 논의 과정에 적극 참여하여야 한다. 이러한 참여는 기존의 국제우주법 형성에 있어서 우리나라의 불참을 조금이나마 벌충할 수 있는 기회일 뿐만 아니라, 관습국제법의 중요한 요소인 관행에 우리나라의 관행을 끼워 넣을 수 있는 최선의 방안이기 때문이다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.615-622
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• 2013

배단계와 유통단계에서 멜론의 미생물 위해요소를 조사하기 위하여 전북 익산과 충남 논산에 위치한 멜론 재배지에서 토양과 관개수, 식물체를 채집하였다. 수원시에 위치한 대형마트, 농산물시장, 재래시장으로부터 유통되는 멜론과 시판종자를 채집하여 위생지표세균 3종 (총호기성균, Coliform, E. coli)과 병원성 미생물 4종 (B. cereus, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., S. aureus)을 분석하였다. 멜론 재배과정 중 총호기성균과 대장균군은 각각 0.43~6.65, 0.67~2.91 log CFU $g^{-1}$ 수준으로 검출되었다. Bacillus cereus는 익산지역의 토양과 멜론 잎에서 각각 2.95, 0.73 log CFU $g^{-1}$으로 검출되었고, 논산지역의 토양에서 3.16 log CFU $g^{-1}$로 검출되었다. 농산물시장, 대형마트, 전통시장에서 멜론의 총호기성균은 각각 4.82, 3.94와 3.99 log CFU $g^{-1}$로 확인되었다. 유통중인 멜론에서 대장균군은 0.09~0.49 log CFU $g^{-1}$ 범위였으며, 판매장소에 따라 총호기성균과 대장균군 수준에 유의적인 차이가 나지 않았다. 모든 시료에서 Listeria monocytognes, Salmonells spp., Staphylococcus aureus는 검출되지 않았다. 멜론 종자의 총호기성균은 0.33~3.34 log CFU $g^{-1}$ 수준이었다. 관개수, 토양, 가축분뇨와 수확후 처리를 포함한 다양한 농업 활동이 미생물오염의 잠재적인 원인이기 때문에 토양, 물과 농자재에 대한 위생관리와 모니터링이 안전한 멜론 생산을 위하여 수행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 호스피스학술지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.46-69
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• 2001

Hospice Care is the best way to care for terminally ill patients and their family members. However most of them can not receive the appropriate hospice service because the Korean health delivery system is mainly be focussed on acutly ill patients. This study was carried out to clarify the situation of hospice in Korea and to develop a hospice care delivery system model which is appropriate in the Korean context. The theoretical framework of this study that hospice care delivery system is composed of hospice resources with personnel, facilities, etc., government and non-government hospice organization, hospice finances, hospice management and hospice delivery, was taken from the Health Delivery System of WHO(1984). Data was obtained through data analysis of litreature, interview, questionairs, visiting and Delphi Technique, from October 1998 to April 1999 involving 56 hospices, 1 hospice research center, 3 non-government hospice organizations, 20 experts who have had hospice experience for more than 3 years(mean is 9 years and 5 months) and officials or members of 3 non-government hospice organizations. There are 61 hospices in Korea. Even though hospice personnel have tried to study and to provide qualified hospice serices, there is nor any formal hospice linkage or network in Korea. This is the result of this survey made to clarify the situation of Korean hospice. Results of the study by Delphi Technique were as follows: 1.Hospice Resources: Key hospice personnel were found to be hospice coordinator, doctor, nurse, clergy, social worker, volunteers. Necessary qualifications for all personnel was that they conditions were resulted as have good health, receive hospice education and have communication skills. Education for hospice personnel is divided into (i)basic training and (ii)special education, e.g. palliative medicine course for hospice specialist or palliative care course in master degree for hospice nurse specialist. Hospice facilities could be developed by adding a living room, a space for family members, a prayer room, a church, an interview room, a kitchen, a dining room, a bath facility, a hall for music, art or work therapy, volunteers' room, garden, etc. to hospital facilities. 2.Hospice Organization: Whilst there are three non-government hospice organizations active at present, in the near future an hospice officer in the Health&Welfare Ministry plus a government Hospice body are necessary. However a non-government council to further integrate hospice development is also strongly recommended. 3.Hospice Finances: A New insurance standards, I.e. the charge for hospice care services, public information and tax reduction for donations were found suggested as methods to rise the hospice budget. 4.Hospice Management: Two divisions of hospice management/care were considered to be necessary in future. The role of the hospice officer in the Health & Welfare Ministry would be quality control of hospice teams and facilities involved/associated with hospice insurance standards. New non-government integrating councils role supporting the development of hospice care, not insurance covered. 5.Hospice delivery: Linkage&networking between hospice facilities and first, second, third level medical institutions are needed in order to provide varied and continous hospice care. Hospice Acts need to be established within the limits of medical law with regards to standards for professional staff members, educational programs, etc. The results of this study could be utilizes towards the development to two hospice care delivery system models, A and B. Model A is based on the hospital, especially the hospice unit, because in this setting is more easily available the new medical insurance for hospice care. Therefore a hospice team is organized in the hospital and may operate in the hospice unit and in the home hospice care service. After Model A is set up and operating, Model B will be the next stage, in which medical insurance cover will be extended to home hospice care service. This model(B) is also based on the hospital, but the focus of the hospital hospice unit will be moved to home hospice care which is connected by local physicians, national public health centers, community parties as like churches or volunteer groups. Model B will contribute to the care of terminally ill patients and their family members and also assist hospital administrators in cost-effectiveness.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-43
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• 1970

This study is designed to find out proper nursing activities for the needs of the colostomy patients, i.e., mental and psychological as well as physical needs for rapid recovery, and to help them build up the follow-up care for proper social adjustment. The study is based on 268 cases out of 381 colostomy patient's records kept in Ewha Womans University Hospital, Yonsei Medical Center, and National Medical Center in between the period from Jan. 1953 to Jan. 1970. The items of study are mainly on etiology, sex, age, duration of hospitalization, mortality rate, seasonal frequency, time from the onset of illness to the admission of the hospital, signs and symptoms. 1. Frequency of onset by etiology: Neoplastic disease 112 cases (42%), Inflammatory disease 33 cases (12%), Congenital malformation 30 cases (11%), Intussusception 25 cases (9.3%), Trauma 24 cases (9%), Volvulus 17 cases (6.3%), and Crohn's disease 6 cases (2.2%). 2. By sex: male 167 cases (62.9%), and female 101 cases (37.1%). So the ratio of portion of male and female 2:1. 3. By age: under 1·year·old 27 cases (10.1%) highest, 41-50 yrs 54 cases (20.2%), 51-60 yrs 42 cases (15.5%), above 71 yrs 5 cases (1.9%). 4. Duration of hospitalization: the shortest is 2-days and the longest is 470 days. 1-20-days 52%, 40-60 days 14%. 5. Mortality rate: Under the 10-days-admission 19.5%, and the beyond 30-days-admission 3.9%. 6. Seasonal frequency: Higher in summer (32% ). 7. Signs and symptoms: abdominal pain (56%), abdominal distention (54%), vomiting (40%), bloody mucoid diarrhea (38%) , pain of anal region (18%), abdominal tenderness, anorexia, indigestion, constipation, disuria, tenesmus, high fever and chilling sensation, bile tingled vomiting. Nursing activities for the patient's physical needs are as follows: Skin care for colostomy region, Prevention of colostomy constriction and depression, Removal of an offensive odor, The use of colostomy bag-selection for, and demonstration of the use of inexpensive colostomy irrigation equipment, Personal hygiene, general skin care, care of hair, finger nails and toe-nails, Oral hygiene, sleep and rest, aquate, Daily activities, etc. Measures for regulation of bowl movement. Keeping the instruction of taking food, Preparing the meal and help for anorexia, Constipation and it's solution, Prevention of diarrhea, helping the removal of mucous, and stretch constricted steam as needed. Nursing activities for pt's socio-psychological needs are as follows; Help the patient to make decision for the operation, Remove pt's anxiety toward operation and anesthesia, To meet the pt's spiritual needs at his death bed, Help to establish family and friends cooperation, Help to reduce anxiety at the time of admission and it's solution, Help to meet religious need, Help to remove pt's anxiety for loosing his job and family maintenance, Follow-up studies for 7 cases have been done to implement the present thesis. The items of the personal interviews with the patients are as follows: Acceptability for artificial anus, The most anxious thing they had in mind at the time of discharge, The most anxious thing they hat·e in mind at present, Their friends and family's attitudes toward the patient after operation, Relations with other colostomy patients, Emotional damage from the operation, Physical problem of enema, irrigation, Control of diet, Skin care, Control of offensive odor, Patient's suggestions to nurses during hospital stay and after discharge. In conclusion, the follow-up care for colostomy patients shares equal weight or perhaps more than the post-operative care. The follow-up care should include the spiritual care for moral support of the patient, to drag him out of isolation and estrangement, and make him fully participate in social activities. It is suggested that the following measures would help to rehabilitate the colostomy patients (1) mutual acquaintance with other colostomy patients if possible form a sort of club for the colostomy patient to exchange their experiences in care (2) through the team work of doctor, nurse and rehabilitation specialists, to have a sort of concerted effort for betterment of the patient.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.617-637
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• 1996

Occupational dermatosis is one of the most prevalent occupational disorders. However, the extent of the occupational dermatoses including incidences and prevalencies of each disease entity, and etiologic materials are not yet welt stated in Korea. Authors reviewed the literatures on the statistic data and reports on the occupational dermatoses, and surveyed on the occupational dermatoses in two factories, and surveyed the physicians responsible to the occupational dermatoses with formed questionnaire. The results are as follows; 1. Among medical journals published since 1964, there were 31 articles on the occupational dermatoses. Of 31 articles, 18 were case reports and all others were review articles. Of 18 case reports, 9 were epidemiologic survey. The Workers' Periodic Health Examinations revealed that prevalence of the occupational dermatoses was highest(4.36 per 10,000 workers) in 1974, but number of the cases reported were decreased sharply since 1978 with some tendency to increase since 1981. There were 2,240 reported cases of occupational dermatoses between 1966 and 1992, which is 1.90% of all the reported occupational diseases. Skin infection and injuries due to chemicals were most frequent and there were 6 cases of skin cancer. 2. In an epidemiological survey on the dermatoses among 995 workers in a metal product manufacturing factory and 225 workers in a coal chemical factory, there were 794 with dermatomycosis, 296 workers with acne, 130 workers with scar, 123 workers with deformity of toe nails. Scars, photosensitivity dermatitis, deformity of finger and toe nails, and acne were more prevalent in the metal product manufacturing factory(p<0.05). In the metal prouct manufacturing factory, workers treating organic solvents and oils had more dermatoses than those without treating the materials(p<0.05). On the skin patch performed on 16 workers in the metal product manufacturing factory, there were 8 cases of irritation dermatitis and 5 cases of contact dermatitis. Prevalence of contact dermatitis in the metal product manufacturing factory was 1.3%. 3. On the questionnaire survey, 34 dermatologists, 29 doctors of preventive medicine, and 22 family physician replied. The proportion of occupational etiology among all dermatoses assumed by the physicians were below 9%, and the most important occupational dermatosis in Korea was contact dermatitis. Main etiologic materials related to the occupational dermatosis were organic solvent, acid and alkali, and metals. The reason for the scarcity of report of occupational dermatoses were difficulty in diagnosis and physician's ignorance of the occupational etiology. They replied that to prevent the occupational dermatoses in the workplace, the use of protective devices was most important, and development of diagnostic criteria on the occupational dermatoses is urgent. Above results shows us that there is many workers with occupational dermatoses, but they are mostly unreported. Measures to prevent and manage the occupational dermatoses are not satisfactory at present. Hence, authors suggest measures for the precise diagnosis, report and prevention of the occupational dermatoses. a. Dermatologist, preventive physician, and industrial hygienist should work as a team to examine the high risk group and establish the preventive measures. b. Disease entities, diagnostic criteria of occupational dermatoses should be listed, criteria for the compensation and job fitting at recruitment should be established, and manual for the proper treatment and effective prevention of each occupational dermatosis should be developed. c. Patch test antigens against each occupational category should be developed and it should be available to any physicians responsible. d. To facilitate the diagnosis of occupational dermatoses by the doctors responsible for the Workersr Periodic Health Examination, development of standardized questionnaire, education on the techniques of the patch test, and cooperation with the dermatologist in diagnosis of occupational dermatoses is essential.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2009

목적: 말기 암 환자와 의사를 대상으로 추후 의료적 치료 결정을 내리지 못하는 경우를 대비하여 심폐소생술 거부, 의료적 권한 법정 대리인, 생존시 유언장을 포함한 사전의료지시(서)에 대한 인식을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2007년 5월부터 11월까지 가톨릭대학교 성빈센트병원 호스피스 병동으로 내원한 말기 암 환자와 가톨릭중앙의료원 2, 3, 4년차 내과 전공의(의사)를 대상으로 사전의료지시에 대해 구조화된 설문지를 이용한 조사를 실시하였으며, 환자 134명, 의사 97명으로부터 답변을 받았다. 결과: 환자 128명(95.5%), 의사 95명(97.9%)은 사전의료지시를 찬성하였으며, 환자 79명(59.0%), 의사 96명 (99.0%)은 추후 치료에 반응하지 않는 말기 상태일 경우 무의미한 생명연장을 위한 심폐소생술을 원치 않았고, 환자 85명(63.4%), 의사 75명(77.3%)은 본인이 의사결정을 할 수 없는 상황일 때를 대비한 의료적 권한 법정 대리인 지정에 찬성 하였다. 예로 제시된 유언장 내용에서 설문에 응한 환자 134명(100%), 의사 94명(96.9%)은 말기 상황일 경우, 가능한 편안하게 사망할 수 있도록 자신에게 시행되는 모든 치료를 중단, 보류하기를 원하였다. 결론: 본 연구에서 말기 암 환자와 의사는 인생의 마지막을 결정짓는 도구로 사전의료지시(서)에 대해 긍정적이고 적극적인 태도를 보였다. 하지만, 아직 법적, 사회적 합의가 없어 하나의 체계로 정립되지 못하고 있다. 여러 쟁점이 해결되어 힘들게 투병하고 있는 말기암 환자에게 사전의료지시(서)가 보편적이고 합법적인 의료 체계로 확립된다면 그들 인생의 마지막을 존엄하게 맺을 수 있는 선택이 될 것으로 생각한다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2008

양식 대상 종들에 있어 성장형질에 대한 개량은 선발 육종을 통하여 이루어져 왔다. 북방전복과 둥근전복은 아시아에서는 매우 중요한 전복종이 지만 그동안 이들에 대한 선발 육종연구는 활발하지 못하였으나, 최근 들어 이들 전복에 대한 선발 육종연구가 신중히 수행되고 있다. 본 연구는 12개월 령의 북방전복과 둥근전복에 대한 다형질 개체모형을 이용하여 유전력, 유전상관 및 표형형상관 등 유전모수 추정을 목적으로 수행되었다. 실험에 사용한 한국산 북방전복과 둥근전복은 동해안, 남해안, 서해안 및 제주연안의 전국 11개소로부터 자연산과 양식산으로 구분하여 수집한 후, DNA 분석에 의한 원거리 유연관계를 기초로 F1세대의 전형매 혹은 반형매군을 각각 생산하고 1년간 사육을 실시하였다. 이중 임의로 추출한 북방전복 26가계(1,509 마리), 둥근전복 6가계(297 마리)에 대해 각장(mm), 각폭(mm) 및 중량(g)에 대해 개체별 측정하고, 유전모수 추정은 성장관련형질인 각장, 각폭, 중량, 체형 및 비만도에 대해 각각 실시하였다. 개체의 성장형질에 영향을 미치는 환경효과분석을 위해 animal model에 의한 선형모형을 이용하여 SAS 통계 프로그램 package(ver. 9.1)로 통계분석을 실시하였다. 또한 유전모수 추정을 위해서는 EL-REML(restricted maximum likelihood) method를 전산 프로그램화한 REMLF90(Misztal, 2001)을 이용하여 다형질 혼합모형으로 유전모수 추정을 실시하였다. 분석모형에서 교배 sire와 dam의 자연산 혹은 양식산에 의한 교배타입을 고정효과로 하였다. 분석결과 12개월 령에서의 성장관련 형질은 북방전복에서 평균$\pm$표준편차가 각장 $29.86{\pm}5.89$ mm, 각폭 $20.70{\pm}4.09$ mm 및 중량 $3.47{\pm}2.05$ g, 둥근전복은 각장 $31.80{\pm}6.15$ mm, 각폭 $21.97{\pm}4.13$ mm 및 중량 $4.23{\pm}2.42$ g으로 각각 성장하였다. 12개월 령 북방전복의 유전율은 각장, 각폭, 중량, 체형 및 비만도에서 각각 0.43, 0.43, 0.40, 0.19, 0.09로 추정되었다. 12개월 령 둥근전복의 각장, 각폭, 중량, 체형 및 비만도에 대한 유전율은 각각 0.33, 0.26, 0.51, 0.23, 0.10으로 추정되었다. 이러한 결과로 보아, 북방전복과 둥근전복 모두 각장, 각폭 및 중량에서 중고도의 유전율이 추정되어 높은 육종효과가 기대된다. 한편 북방전복과 둥근전복의 성장관련형질에 대한 유전상관은 각장과 각폭, 각장과 중량 및 각폭과 중량 간에 각각 0.92-0.97, 0.96-0.99로 추정되어 두 종 모두에서 형질들 간의 높은 유전상관을 나타내었으며, 이들 성장관련 형질 중 어느 것을 기준으로 선발을 실시하여도 다른 관련형질에 대한 높은 개량효과가 추정되어졌다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-33
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• 1998

The purpose of this thesis is to study theoretical access to the methods that have been used for the research of occupational stress, thereby providing management methods of occupational stress of hospital workers. With a stress model of hospital workers set up from the viewpoint of organization management, 929 sets of questionnaires were collected from intern doctors, resident doctors, nurses, nursing aides, pharmacists, medical technicians, workers in patient affairs(reception and medical insurance workers), administrators and clerks from the 8 hospitals in Seoul with more than 500 beds. Upon variance analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis of the collected questionnaires, this work examined how differences in stress caused by specific occupations and formulated a method of stress management for the hospital workers. The results are as follows. 1) If some duties of the nurses suffering from role-overloaded stress are transferred to the nursing aides dissatisfied with insufficient role, the two grunting groups can be satisfied at the same time. It is also necessary to transfer some jobs of the overloaded workers in patient affairs to the administrators, or the other way around. To reduce stress of conflict and ambiguity of role caused by the obscure division of roles between the workers, the role of each occupation should be delineated and the clear division of roles should be translated into action strictly according to that delineated. 2) Stress of inefficiency of organization from which the student doctors suffer can be relieved by management of participation. If they have access to the process of decision-making in general hospital affairs and consequently their understanding and the autonomy of job performance are promoted, such stress will be reduced. 3) To cope with stress of career development from which nurses, medical technicians, administrators, workers in patient affairs suffer, it is necessary to establish whether they have a chance to revive their careers, whether there are any ways of remotivation for less contributive workers, and whether they encourage each other to develope their careers. If they are given a chance to develope their careers, such stress will be relieved. 4) Pharmacists, suffering from stresses of living and personal relations, have strong cohesive power among themselves and organize a well-integrated team; thereby reducing the stress of personal relations and increasing productivity. 5) For administrators and student doctors confined to lesser social supports and for nurses and workers in patient affairs whose recognition of stress and job satisfaction are affected by social supports, emotional and informational supports for job performance help alleviate an individual's mental, and physical stress. 6) In addition to the above-mentioned stress-management methods, if an organizational coping strategy is provided according to the types of stress from the general viewpoint of the whole group of hospital workers, it would be of great help to managing stress. For example, the redesign of jobs, the management of objective, the improvement of working environment, the formation of an autonomous working group and various working plans can be set up for those who suffer from stress related to inappropriate role, while career counseling and development of career process can be provided for those dissatisfied with career development. Participation in the process of decision-making and the restructuring of the organization are needed for those who suffer from stress of malfunctioning organization, whereas creation of a supportive organizational atmosphere is desired for those who feel stressed due to personal relations. As well, such organizational coping strategies. as the increase of welfare facilities, seminars and educational programs and provision of health-promotion facilities can be provided.