• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.32-44
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• 2002

The role of radiology department has been greatly increased in the past few years as the technology in the medical imaging devices improved and the introduction of PACS (Picture Archiving and Communications System) to the conventional film-based diagnostic structure is a truly remarkable factor to the medical history. In addition, the value of using digital information in medical imaging is highly expected to grow as the technology over the computer and the network improves. However, the current medical practice, using PACS is somewhat limited compared to the film-based conventional one due to a poor image quality. The image quality is the most important and inevitable factor in the PACS environment and it is one of the most necessary steps to more wide practice of digital imaging. The existing image quality control tools are limited in controlling images produced from the medical modalities, because they cannot display the real image changing status. Thus, the image quality is distorted and the ability to diagnosis becomes hindered compared to the one of the film-based practice. In addition, the workflow of the radiologist greatly increases; as every doctor has to perform his or her own image quality control every time they view images produced from the medical modalities. To resolve these kinds of problems and enhance current medical practice under the PACS environment, we have developed a program to display a better image quality by using the ROI optical density of the existing gray level values. When the LUT is used properly, small detailed regions, which cannot be seen by using the existing image quality controls are easily displayed and thus, greatly improves digital medical practice. The purpose of this study is to provide an easier medical practice to physicians, by applying the technology of converting the H-D curves of the analog film screen to the digital imaging technology and to preset image quality control values to each exposed body part, modality and group of physicians for a better and easier medical practice. We have asked to 5 well known professional physicians to compare image quality of the same set of exam by using the two different methods: existing image quality control and the LUT technology. As the result, the LUT technology was enormously favored over the existing image quality control method. All the physicians have pointed out the far more superiority of the LUT over the existing image quality control method and highly praised its ability to display small detailed regions, which cannot be displayed by existing image quality control tools. Two physicians expressed the necessity of presetting the LUT values for each exposed body part. Overall, the LUT technology yielded a great interest among the physicians and highly praised for its ability to overcome currently embedded problems of PACS. We strongly believe that the LUT technology can enhance the current medical practice and open a new beginning in the future medical imaging.

• 철학연구
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• 제123권
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• pp.309-346
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• 2012

황우석 박사 연구팀의 논문조작 사건은 우리 사회에서 그동안 견고하게 이어져오던 학문 연구자와 그 연구 활동에 대한 신뢰를 크게 흔들어놓았다. 이 사건 이후에 우리의 연구자사회와 과학계는 반성 및 성찰 과정을 통해 많은 변화를 겪었다. 우리는 연구자사회가 먼저 나서서 제기된 의혹을 철저하게 규명하려는 능동적인 노력을 보여줄 때에 연구자사회에 대한 신뢰, 연구 활동에 대한 신뢰는 크게 흔들리지 않았음을 경험해왔다. 하지만 연구부정행위에 대해 소극적으로 대응하는 반대의 경우들이 아직은 더 많기에, 우리 연구자사회가 가야 할 길은 여전히 험난하다. 따라서 학문이나 학습 영역의 연구 및 학습 부정행위 사례가 불필요하게 확대 해석되는 일을 막는 것은 연구자 및 학습자 사회 내부에 정치, 경제, 사회 등 제 분야의 갖가지 이해관계들에서 벗어난 자율적인, 또한 의사결정이 합리적으로 이뤄지는 체계를 얼마나 잘 갖추고 있느냐에, 그리고 사회적 사건으로 비화하기 이전에 먼저 이런 부조리를 미리 예방하려는 세심한 체계를 얼마나 잘 갖추고 있느냐에 달려 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 필자는 사후적 차원이 아니라 사전적 차원, 즉 연구자 및 학습자의 자율적 자정 체계 마련을 위한 방법, 즉 연구 학습윤리의 규범 연구가 왜 중요한 것인지를 탐색할 것이다. 논의의 분명한 진행을 위해서는 우선 연구 학습윤리가 무엇인지를 좀 더 분명하게 규명하고 정의할 필요가 있다.(2) 그리고 이 과정에서 연구 학습윤리가 왜 규범화되어야 하는지를 살펴야 할 것이다.(3) 이어서 만일 연구 학습윤리가 규범화될 수 있는 것이라면, 그것이 왜 정당화되어야 하는지를 논증하면서,(4) 이 글을 마무리할 것이다.(5)

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.393-401
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• 2015

폐암에 대한 방사선치료는 단독치료 또는 병용치료 시에 효과적인 치료이다. 연구에 의하면 최적의 방사선치료 이용률은 61%에서 74% 범위로 추정되고 있으나, 우리나라의 방사선치료 이용률은 낮은 것으로 조사되어 이에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구는 부산, 경남 지역에서 폐암환자의 방사선치료 이용률을 조사하여 방사선 이용의 적절성을 평가하고 방사선치료 이용관련 인자를 밝히고자 하는 것이다. 본 연구는 폐암으로 진단된 부산, 경남 지역 인구를 대상으로 하였다. 연구를 위하여 2개의 병원에 등록된 환자 1,036명의 환자 자료를 수집하여 최종적으로 연구에 적합한 897명을 대상으로 연구를 수행하였다. 연구는 적정 이용비율과 실제 방사선치료 비율을 비교하였고, 방사선치료 이용의 적정성과 관련인자를 확인하고자 하였다. 연구대상자 897명 중에서 503명(56%)은 내과적 치료가 시행되었고, 394명 (44%)는 방사선치료가 시행되었다. 전체 폐암환자의 방사선치료 이용률은 42%이었다. 조직학적 분류에 의한 비소세포 폐암의 비율은 33%이었고, 소세포 폐암은 90%이었다. 폐암의 방사선치료 이용과 관련 인자는 연령, 조직학적 유형, 임상병기, 의뢰의사, 임상검사이었다. 부위(site)별 방사선치료 이용률을 비교했을 때 근치적 흉부치료는 42%이었고, 완화적 치료는 26%이었다. 조직학적 유형의 비교에서 소세포 폐암의 이용률은 낮았고 특히 병기 III기에서 이용률은 가장 낮았다. 부산, 경남지역에서 방사선치료의 이용률은 적정한 이용률 보다 낮게 나타났다. 이용률 차이는 환자요인, 종양요인, 의료 서비스 요인으로 설명할 수 있었다. 이용률 개선을 위해서는 아웃리치 서비스(outreach service) 프로그램의 개발과 다 학제적 팀의 활성화가 필요하다.

• 호스피스학술지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.46-69
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• 2001

Hospice Care is the best way to care for terminally ill patients and their family members. However most of them can not receive the appropriate hospice service because the Korean health delivery system is mainly be focussed on acutly ill patients. This study was carried out to clarify the situation of hospice in Korea and to develop a hospice care delivery system model which is appropriate in the Korean context. The theoretical framework of this study that hospice care delivery system is composed of hospice resources with personnel, facilities, etc., government and non-government hospice organization, hospice finances, hospice management and hospice delivery, was taken from the Health Delivery System of WHO(1984). Data was obtained through data analysis of litreature, interview, questionairs, visiting and Delphi Technique, from October 1998 to April 1999 involving 56 hospices, 1 hospice research center, 3 non-government hospice organizations, 20 experts who have had hospice experience for more than 3 years(mean is 9 years and 5 months) and officials or members of 3 non-government hospice organizations. There are 61 hospices in Korea. Even though hospice personnel have tried to study and to provide qualified hospice serices, there is nor any formal hospice linkage or network in Korea. This is the result of this survey made to clarify the situation of Korean hospice. Results of the study by Delphi Technique were as follows: 1.Hospice Resources: Key hospice personnel were found to be hospice coordinator, doctor, nurse, clergy, social worker, volunteers. Necessary qualifications for all personnel was that they conditions were resulted as have good health, receive hospice education and have communication skills. Education for hospice personnel is divided into (i)basic training and (ii)special education, e.g. palliative medicine course for hospice specialist or palliative care course in master degree for hospice nurse specialist. Hospice facilities could be developed by adding a living room, a space for family members, a prayer room, a church, an interview room, a kitchen, a dining room, a bath facility, a hall for music, art or work therapy, volunteers' room, garden, etc. to hospital facilities. 2.Hospice Organization: Whilst there are three non-government hospice organizations active at present, in the near future an hospice officer in the Health&Welfare Ministry plus a government Hospice body are necessary. However a non-government council to further integrate hospice development is also strongly recommended. 3.Hospice Finances: A New insurance standards, I.e. the charge for hospice care services, public information and tax reduction for donations were found suggested as methods to rise the hospice budget. 4.Hospice Management: Two divisions of hospice management/care were considered to be necessary in future. The role of the hospice officer in the Health & Welfare Ministry would be quality control of hospice teams and facilities involved/associated with hospice insurance standards. New non-government integrating councils role supporting the development of hospice care, not insurance covered. 5.Hospice delivery: Linkage&networking between hospice facilities and first, second, third level medical institutions are needed in order to provide varied and continous hospice care. Hospice Acts need to be established within the limits of medical law with regards to standards for professional staff members, educational programs, etc. The results of this study could be utilizes towards the development to two hospice care delivery system models, A and B. Model A is based on the hospital, especially the hospice unit, because in this setting is more easily available the new medical insurance for hospice care. Therefore a hospice team is organized in the hospital and may operate in the hospice unit and in the home hospice care service. After Model A is set up and operating, Model B will be the next stage, in which medical insurance cover will be extended to home hospice care service. This model(B) is also based on the hospital, but the focus of the hospital hospice unit will be moved to home hospice care which is connected by local physicians, national public health centers, community parties as like churches or volunteer groups. Model B will contribute to the care of terminally ill patients and their family members and also assist hospital administrators in cost-effectiveness.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-43
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• 1970

This study is designed to find out proper nursing activities for the needs of the colostomy patients, i.e., mental and psychological as well as physical needs for rapid recovery, and to help them build up the follow-up care for proper social adjustment. The study is based on 268 cases out of 381 colostomy patient's records kept in Ewha Womans University Hospital, Yonsei Medical Center, and National Medical Center in between the period from Jan. 1953 to Jan. 1970. The items of study are mainly on etiology, sex, age, duration of hospitalization, mortality rate, seasonal frequency, time from the onset of illness to the admission of the hospital, signs and symptoms. 1. Frequency of onset by etiology: Neoplastic disease 112 cases (42%), Inflammatory disease 33 cases (12%), Congenital malformation 30 cases (11%), Intussusception 25 cases (9.3%), Trauma 24 cases (9%), Volvulus 17 cases (6.3%), and Crohn's disease 6 cases (2.2%). 2. By sex: male 167 cases (62.9%), and female 101 cases (37.1%). So the ratio of portion of male and female 2:1. 3. By age: under 1·year·old 27 cases (10.1%) highest, 41-50 yrs 54 cases (20.2%), 51-60 yrs 42 cases (15.5%), above 71 yrs 5 cases (1.9%). 4. Duration of hospitalization: the shortest is 2-days and the longest is 470 days. 1-20-days 52%, 40-60 days 14%. 5. Mortality rate: Under the 10-days-admission 19.5%, and the beyond 30-days-admission 3.9%. 6. Seasonal frequency: Higher in summer (32% ). 7. Signs and symptoms: abdominal pain (56%), abdominal distention (54%), vomiting (40%), bloody mucoid diarrhea (38%) , pain of anal region (18%), abdominal tenderness, anorexia, indigestion, constipation, disuria, tenesmus, high fever and chilling sensation, bile tingled vomiting. Nursing activities for the patient's physical needs are as follows: Skin care for colostomy region, Prevention of colostomy constriction and depression, Removal of an offensive odor, The use of colostomy bag-selection for, and demonstration of the use of inexpensive colostomy irrigation equipment, Personal hygiene, general skin care, care of hair, finger nails and toe-nails, Oral hygiene, sleep and rest, aquate, Daily activities, etc. Measures for regulation of bowl movement. Keeping the instruction of taking food, Preparing the meal and help for anorexia, Constipation and it's solution, Prevention of diarrhea, helping the removal of mucous, and stretch constricted steam as needed. Nursing activities for pt's socio-psychological needs are as follows; Help the patient to make decision for the operation, Remove pt's anxiety toward operation and anesthesia, To meet the pt's spiritual needs at his death bed, Help to establish family and friends cooperation, Help to reduce anxiety at the time of admission and it's solution, Help to meet religious need, Help to remove pt's anxiety for loosing his job and family maintenance, Follow-up studies for 7 cases have been done to implement the present thesis. The items of the personal interviews with the patients are as follows: Acceptability for artificial anus, The most anxious thing they had in mind at the time of discharge, The most anxious thing they hat·e in mind at present, Their friends and family's attitudes toward the patient after operation, Relations with other colostomy patients, Emotional damage from the operation, Physical problem of enema, irrigation, Control of diet, Skin care, Control of offensive odor, Patient's suggestions to nurses during hospital stay and after discharge. In conclusion, the follow-up care for colostomy patients shares equal weight or perhaps more than the post-operative care. The follow-up care should include the spiritual care for moral support of the patient, to drag him out of isolation and estrangement, and make him fully participate in social activities. It is suggested that the following measures would help to rehabilitate the colostomy patients (1) mutual acquaintance with other colostomy patients if possible form a sort of club for the colostomy patient to exchange their experiences in care (2) through the team work of doctor, nurse and rehabilitation specialists, to have a sort of concerted effort for betterment of the patient.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2001

The primary aim of this dissertation is to contribute to the improvement of methods in physical examination by providing quality information for the current school system and advice for improving status. Present status, controversial points and possible remedies in physical examination were analyzed on a frequency and percentage basis. An $x^2$-test was used to verify the statistics between the results from the examination and each variable. In case of multiple categories of variables, an $x^2$ cs was adopted. Chronological data as well as both total and sampling physical examination data verified the statistics using an $x^2$-test. This thesis is based both on the data from middle school health care specialists in Gyunggi Province and on the analysis of physical examinations reported from local schools to the municipal education agency from 1997 to 1999. The results of the study are as follows: First, according to the survey, only 29.0% of the total schools had their school doctors examine all the students while most of the educational institutions failed to implement the whole process of physical examination on the list. It also turned out that the more students the schools have, the lower the rate of implementation of physical examination by school doctors(p=0.014). Second, the average time a school doctor spends for checkup turned out to be approximately 1.7 minutes per student This means that the quality of the physical examination is not guaranteed in the process. Third, 47.7% of those surveryed say that a dental examination was performed, each taking 21.24 seconds on average. In addition, it shows that some 31.5% wanted to have a task force team for dental checkups at the local health center. Given the fact that dental caries among students is progressively on the rise, the dental health centers that are now set up in some elementary schools should be expanded to cover the whole educational institution in order to raise awareness of the importance of dental care. Fourth, 48.5% of those surveyed say that a comprehensive physical examination should be adopted to promote the health of high schoolers. Since it takes a lot of public funds to implement a comprehensive method, it is essential to make sure that in-depth studies should be based on the frequency and methods of physical examination. Fifth, regarding such diseases among 3rd year middle school students in 1999, statistics shows that there was a slight difference in the prevalence rate of color blindness, and allergic diseases for male students ; and color blindness, hearing disturbance and allergic disease for female students. For those items, however, it is too little to say that there is a significant difference and accordingly it is assumed to be a problem of the measuring process. Sixth, the result of analysis on the sample physical examination and the total physical examination of the year 1999 shows as follows: For male students in the 3rd year of middle school, a slight difference appeared to those students in 11 items including eye problems and eye disease, otitis media, tonsillar hypertrophy, spinal shape, respiratory urinary allergic disease and other abnormal diseases(p<0.05). Particularly, the prevalence rate between students with and without disease was shown to be two times more in the following: eye problems, otitis media, tonsill hypertrophy, allergic diseases, etc. For female students in the 3rd year, prevalence rate showed little difference in 14 items(p<0.05). For items including eye problem, otitis media, tonsill hypertrophy, allergic disease, etc. it was shown that the rate was two times more between students with and without diseases. Physical examinations under the current school system are not producing any fundamental results for the health of the students. Methods and results are not trustworthy. Accordingly, a drastic overhaul of the current practices is needed in frequency, methods and items on the list in order to promote the health of the students. Cost-benefit studies as well as political considerations to ensure the development of efficient methods for physical examination are urgently needed at this moment.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2019

본 연구는 시뮬레이션을 기반으로 한 전문심장소생술 교육이 병원 전 단계에 구급대원이 환자에게 시행하는 전문심장소생술 직무수행에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 효과적인 전문심장소생술을 시행하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다. 비동등성 대조군 전후 설계를 기초하였으며 연구대상은 K소방학교의 신규 임용된 구급대원 16명이 참여하였다. 평가 도구로 사용된 시뮬레이션 교육 프로그램과 평가지는 ACLS 시뮬레이션 전문가 6인(응급의학 전문의 2명, 전공교수 2명, 전문강사 2명)에게 사전 검토 및 의견을 받아 본 연구에 적합한 도구로 개발하였다. 교육은 이론 30분, 실습 150분으로 구성하여 4인 1조 1개팀으로 구성하였다. 강사가 5분간 시연을 한 후 개인별 실습 후 디브리핑(debriefing)을 통한 교정을 거친 후 개별, 팀별 교육을 실시하였다. 평가척도는 5점 리커트(Likert) 척도로 수행능력 평가 점수를 부여하였다. 자료분석은 Windows용 SPSS 22.0 프로그램을 사용하였으며, 대상자의 일반적 특성은 빈도분석을 하였으며, 실험군과 대조군의 동질성 검증은 t검정을 하였고 두 그룹의 집단의 차이 분석은 대응표본 t 검정(paired t-test)으로 분석하였다. 동질성 검사에 실험군과 대조군의 동질성을 확인 할 수 있었다. 전문심장소생술(ACLS) 수행기술 6가지에 대한 평가에서 시뮬레이션 교육을 받은 실험군이 교육을 받지않은 전통적 교육 방식의 대조군보다 모든 면에서 수행능력이 우수하였음을 증명하였다. 수행기술은 1. 심전도 2. 전문기기 3. 수액처치 4. 리더십과 팀워크 5. 의료지도 6. 이송중 평가 이상 6가지 이다. 일반적인 강의와 실습을 한 구급대원보다 시뮬레이션 교육을 받은 구급대원이 직무수행 능력이 향상된 것이 검증되었다 따라서 종합술기 과정에 있는 학생이나 임상에 종사하는 응급구조사에게 시뮬레이션 훈련과 교육이 확대 적용된다면 더 능숙하게 직무를 수행해 나갈 수 있을 것이며, 심정지 환자에게 제공되는 구급서비스가 향상될 것으로 기대한다.