• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.59-66
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• 2013

Insurance has been preferential treatment than other financial products for risk ensure as a original function in tax law. However, the recent insurance products is being released in a variety of ways combined with investment and savings, as well as risk ensure. In addition, as the insurer's sales approach including to tax avoidance, tax saving strategies, tax policy associated with the tax-free savings-type insurance has been criticized. The government amended Article 25 of the Enforcement Decree of the Income Tax Act 2013 in order to prevent tax avoidance and equity among other financial instruments, but there are still many problems exist. this study looks for the validity of the tax policies of savings-type insurance In terms of the Enforcement Decree of the Income Tax Act as amended in 2013, and derived for ways to improve.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.267-280
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• 2023

The relationship between the state and taxation starts from the establishment of the state. The most important element is the concept of "tax compliance". Tax compliance can be considered as the harmony of state-society relations. However, the concept of tax non-compliance occurs when taxpayers do not fulfill their tax-related tasks as required. Tax noncompliance is just one of the costs that occur in tax systems, and is named "tax compliance cost" in the literature. This study focuses on tax compliance costs because tax compliance costs are the ones taxpayers are personally obliged to deal with. For this purpose, the study investigates costs accruing from tax systems, including efficiency, planning, application, and compliance costs. According to the analysis results, it was concluded that the main reason for fraud in the tax systems is high compliance costs and that tax compliance directly impacts social wealth. Besides, the existence of conditions conducive to tax evasion and tax avoidance in a country, short-term tax policies, belief in the unfairness and inequality of tax systems, inadequacy of audits conducted by tax authorities, insufficiency of pressure and deterrence mechanisms, constantly changing legislation, and the attitudes and perceptions regarding the illegitimacy of the government determine tax compliance.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.197-204
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• 2019

The transfer pricing mechanism is a tool commonly used to transfer the tax base from countries with high taxation in countries with low taxation. In many countries, this financial operations generate significant tax revenue losses. In an attempt to limit tax revenue losses, many public authorities have introduced regulations on transfer pricing, but the effectiveness of these rules has proved limited, and they contributed to the increasing complexity of tax laws and to the appearance of additional costs for companies. Historically, transfer pricing (TP) was not a substantial issue in Mongolia. The tax legislation contains basic TP rules, but there is limited guidance and enforcement in practice. At the moment, Mongolian tax authorities are not conducting specific transfer pricing audits. Nevertheless, tax authorities are starting to pay more attention to transactions between related parties and potential transfer pricing adjustments. This study examines a transfer pricing regulations of Mongolia.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.187-198
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• 2020

This study investigates the determinants of the likelihood of a tax re-audit in Korea. It adopts a researcher-administered questionnaire survey method for data collection. The survey questionnaire is randomly distributed to 1,120 individuals with tax-related knowledge and experience. Using a final sample of 342 responses, we conduct a cross-sectional regression analysis to test our hypotheses. The results show that the level of tax non-compliance significantly affects the likelihood of a tax re-audit. This finding suggests that the increase in re-audits in Korea is attributable to the tendency of the tax authority to conduct a re-audit to detect taxpayers' non-compliance behavior by excessively broadening the scope of re-audits. This study also finds that the level of tax non-compliance is influenced by the perception of procedural unfairness, measured by operational inconsistency and regulatory lack of clarity. Lastly, the results reveal that the level of tax non-compliance mediates the relationship between the perception of procedural unfairness and likelihood of a tax re-audit. This finding indicates that enhancing procedural fairness could fundamentally reduce unnecessary re-audits that infringe on the rights of taxpayers, as the likelihood of a tax re-audit is not solely determined by the level of tax non-compliance but also by perceived procedural fairness.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.15
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• pp.1-18
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• 2004

It was 1976 when the preparation of consolidated financial sheet was first prescribed in this nation. Since then, the prescription has been revised several times. Revised in April 1992, enforcement regulations of the Securities Exchange Act provided that every listed corporation has its consolidated financial sheets and an auditor's opinion about them attached to its business report. In other words, the outside audit of consolidated financial sheets became inevitable. The Act of the Outside Audit of Corporation was revised in December 1993 to provide that all corporations must prepare consolidated financial sheets and receive the outside audit of the documents beginning their settlement of accounts in December 1994. In case of overseas corporations, consolidated financial sheets and the Equity Law have been applied since their settlement of accounts in December 1995. Now those sheets must be prepared by all local and overseas corporations that involve relations of governance or dependence. The preparation and public notification of consolidated financial sheets has been settled as a system. This nation has not yet introduced consolidated tax return using consolidated financial sheets. Such tax return system is already being used by most of the world's economic powers such as U.S., Europe and Japan. This study shows that reduction in corporation tax is the biggest reason for avoiding consolidated tax return system, even though the system can facilitate the settlement of consolidated accounting. Consolidated tax return, which is being implemented in about 20 countries including U.S., needs to be introduced by this nation where consolidated financial sheets are publicly notified.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.339-347
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• 2004

This paper asks the question: what choice of environmental policy instruments is efficient to reduce sulfur dioxide from stationary sources\ulcorner: In Korea, command and control has been a common way of controlling $SO_2-emissions.$ When compared to the non-incentive environmental policy instrument such as command and control, economic incentive environmental policy instrument has been the advantage of making polluter himself flexibly deals with in marginal abatement cost to develop environmental technology in the long view. Therefore, the application possibility of the incentive environmental policy instrument was studied in this research to realize the countermeasure for controlling of $SO_2-emissions.$ As a result, enforcement of the countermeasure such as flue gas desulfurizer by command and control would be suitable because power generation is performed by the public or for the public in source of air pollution and thus, economic principle is not applied to the polluter. In the source of industrial pollution, enforcement of fuel tax is found to be suitable for the countermeasure for the use of low sulfur oil in terms of the flexibility of demand for the price in the long tenn. For the permissible air pollution standards applicable to all air pollutant emitting facilities, enforcement of incentive environmental policy such as bubble, off-set, banking policy or tradeable emission penn its would be ideal in long terms according to the regional characteristics and the number and scale of air pollutant emitting facilities.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.35-55
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• 2008

This paper is written to results of excavated ChungJu ChangDong site located in ChungJu and the article Keumcheonchang in Joseonwangjosilrok. The structure rerics of compositing cornerstone-distance 420cm has been showing to Keumcheonchang of legend in region people. The solution to problems is that the enforcement of the river-shipping service linking Han River and NakDong River. King Taejong commanded the new tax-warehouse of 200 Kan to built at Keumcheon in ChungJu and named Keumcheonchang for the receipt of innner region and KyengSang Province. King Sejo established the foundation of the government owned tax-grain transportation systerm for the strong centralization by the sovereign right. This logistic system is gone the middle and the latter of Joseon Dynasty. Joseon Dynasty is absolutely dependent the national finance for government operation on the tax-grain from HaSamDo(ChungCheong JeonLa KyengSang) region. JoUn(tax-grain transportation by shipping) is the best logistic system in Korea surrounding sea. Joseon Dynasty has refomed the logistics base on GoRyeo's system that the Tax-grain transportation system by shipping. There is the tax-warehouses reducing from 13 numbers to 9 numbers and making up for the weak points in the matter of the Japanese Pirate and the ship wreck in transporting in the sea. The ship wreck in the sea specially make the matters of the reducing tax and political issues. We know that Keumcheonchang is operated ChuaSuCham(the government agency for taxgrain transportation by shipping at a warehouse) from King Taejong 11(1,411)year to King Sejo 11 (1,465)year. There is the result of enforcement the river-shipping service system for social stabilization and forward their new ideal in the first half Joseon Dynasty.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.215-223
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• 2017

This article has tried to analyse the effect of the corporate earning return tax empirically through analysis on the impact of previous internal reservation on the dividends rate of the current year. In addition to this, this article has tried to the effectiveness of government policies with leverage ratio as a moderating variable. Moreover, DRF and GBM model were used to see the effect again. As a result of the actual proof analysis, OCF, ROE, FOR have a significance level of 99% in model1, model2, model3. However, ADV and MSE has appeared not to be meaningful in all models. In the result of DRF and GBM model for convergence was higher than GBM in depth and leaves. However, when it comes to a model explaining capability, GBM high than DRF. The further study will be required to examine the effect of government policy by time series analysis in the period of enforcement of the reflux tax, from 2015 to 2017.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.247-261
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• 2014

In this study, it investigates the highly controversial issue "low carbon car subsidy". Through the policy's intent, purpose, and necessity, it aims to present alternatives for automotive industry development. Introducing the low carbon car subsidy will bring a huge change to the vehicle purchase practices by changing vehicle purchase cost. It expects that this change will reduce greenhouse gas emission from vehicles. For successful settlement of the system, it shall set up the target sections for subsidy and levy appropriately in order to get the nation's consensus. Additionally, it has to conduct sufficient reviews the measures such as adjustment to the existing auto tax, divided payments of burden charge, etc before enforcing the system. In terms of the automobile industry, it must do their level best in technical development in order to meet the carbon dioxide emission level of imported cars until the enforcement. Also, the government has to strengthen its support to the industry.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.49-74
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• 2002

This study examines, from an economic perspective, the reasons for introducing a resource taxe system into the Korean off-shore fisheries and the type of charges that can be introduced. Following a review of the charging systems in other advanced fisheries, we consider the types of charging scheme and some implications for the Korean off-shore fishing industry. Charges could be used for recovering part of fisheries management cost from the industry(i.e. administration, enforcement, research, etc). This can be justified on the grounds that the fishing industry is the main beneficiary of management and that it should therefore bear at least part of the cost involved. It is arguable that publicly-funded management is in effect a subsidy to the industry. Using charges to raise revenue in excess of the cost of management would represent the extraction of a public rent from the fishery resource, but the short-run financial consqquences for the industry would be significant. Results from a qualtitative analysis suggest that while any new charge will have a significant financial impact on the industry in the short run, a landings tax would have a lesser impact on fleet structure in the long run. The study also considers the possibility of a capital gains tax on license sales in order to recover some rent from the industry. Despite any short run-financial consequences, making the fishing industry pay for at least some of the cost of management could benefit the industry as a whole if there were more cooperation between industry and managers as a result. It is acknowledged, however, that there could be disputes over the relative management costs of different sectors of the industry. Even though this study makes few specific recommendations about charging the Korean off-shore fishing industry, it does advise that the issue be reviewed on the basis of the entire Korea fisheries. Finally, the study notes that insufficient data are available on the economic performance of the Korean off-shore fishing vessels and it recommands that a comprehensive system for the collection of costs and earnings data be put in place. It also suggests that MOMAF pay much attention to the permit right market and its transactions.