• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.328-337
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• 2011

For certify job characteristic affecting attitude of employee, this study is to examine the relationship between core job characteristics(skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, feedback) and attitude(job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention) of small business from a 'human resource management' point of view. Concretely, it is confirmed whether how influence of ore job characteristics on attitude and whether there is a moderating effect of growth needs of strength between core job characteristics and attitude of small business. The results of regression analysis using 315 domestic employees are as followings. First, it is confirmed that the skill variety and task significance has influence on job satisfaction positively, skill variety and feedback has influence on organizational commitment positively, and skill variety and feedback has influence on turnover intention negatively. Second, there is moderating effect only the relationship between task significance and turnover intention. On the basis of these study results, it suggested strategic implications to job design and business strategy for heightening attitude of small business employees.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.466-478
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• 2020

Background: Job training influences the overall working environment and worker's well-being. The purpose of this study is to find the relationship between job training and subjective well-being in accordance with occupations and understand the influence of task characteristics-work creativity and task variety (WCTV)-on the effect of training. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey was conducted on 50,205 workers in the Republic of Korea. The World Health Oorganization-5 well-being index was used to measure their subjective well-being. The relationship between job training and subjective well-being was divided in accordance with the level of WCTV. Results: Training paid for by employer showed a negative effect on subjective well-being when received for more than 3 days (OR 0.88, p<0.01) in the last 12 months. Training paid for by oneself showed a positive linkage with well-being when the level of training was 1-3 days (Odds ratio = 1.55, p<0.001). This result showed different aspects in accordance with the level of WCTV. For the high WCTV group, the aforementioned results were reaffirmed, but for the group with low WCTV, job training did not show a statistically significant result on well-being. On-the-job training was not related to subjective well-being regardless of the level of WCTV. Conclusion: Job training had different effects on subjective well-being depending on the type and frequency of training, as well as the WCTV. It is imperative to comprehensively apply different types of job training in accordance with the characteristics of occupations to uplift workers' well-being.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.44 no.1 s.108
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• pp.15-40
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• 2005

This study basically investigates the meaning and properties of performance task applicable to mathematics classroom and it finds out how to run effectively performance task activities included in the present mathematics textbooks. To accomplish this, this study deals with twelves kinds of mathematics textbooks for ninth graders and is proceeded on the basis of textbook analysis and teacher interview. Considering a situation that in future mathematics textbook would be developed, according to the analytic results of this study, common understanding of performance task and qualified performance task are needed, a variety of tasks classified by differentiated level are needed. In addition, each task should be dealt with the contents related to curious and interesting real-life situations. Furthermore, fairness of checking and recording should be established and teachers' positive attitudes to applying performance tasks to math class are needed.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.51-59
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• 1984

Military personnel encounter a variety of noise environments. During exercises, high intensity noise levels are often encountered. Twenty-four subjects were required to respond to symbols presented under two levels of task difficulty, two levels of presentation rate, two levels of display orientation, and three levels of noise intensity. The purpose of the experiment was to determine whether noise intensity and display orientation had any effect on a short-term memory task. Results showed that continuous white noise at intensity levels of 30, 85, and 105 db had no effect on the shortterm memory task. Presentation rate and task difficulty demonstrated a significant relationship with task performance as did their two-way interaction. This two-way interaction between presentation rate and task difficulty exhibited a different pattern for the two levels of display orientation.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 1999

A real-time control system, composed of the controlled processor and the controller computer(s), may have a variety of task types, some of which have tight timing-constraints in generating the correct control input. The maximum period of those task failures tolerable by the system is called the hard deadline, which depends on not only fault characteristics but also task characteristics. In the paper, we extend a method deriving the hard deadline in LTI system executing single task. An algorithm to combine the deadlines of all the elementary tasks in the same operation-mode is proposed to derive the hard deadline of the entire system. For the end, we modify the state equation for the task to capture the effects of task failures (delays in producing correct values) and inter-correlation. We also classify the type of executing the tasks according to operation modes associated with relative importance of correlated levels among tasks, into series, parallel, and cascade modes. Some examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2011

We consider the problem of assigning tasks to homogeneous nodes in the distributed system, so as to minimize the amount of communication, while balancing the processors' loads. This issue can be posed as the graph partitioning problem. Given an undirected graph G=(nodes, edges), where nodes represent task modules and edges represent communication, the goal is to divide n, the number of processors, as to balance the processors' loads, while minimizing the capacity of edges cut. Since these two optimization criteria conflict each other, one has to make a compromise between them according to the given task type. We propose a new cost function to evaluate static task assignments and a heuristic algorithm to solve the transformed problem, explicitly describing the tradeoff between the two goals. Simulation results show that our approach outperforms an existing representative approach for a variety of task and processing systems.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to introduce a task complexity model combining task design aspects and complexity dimensions and to explain an approach to identifying and organizing task complexity factors based on the model. Background: Task complexity is a critical concept in describing and predicting human performance in complex systems such as nuclear power plants(NPPs). In order to understand the nature of task complexity, task complexity factors need to be identified and organized in a systematic manner. Although several methods have been suggested for identifying and organizing task complexity factors, it is rare to find an analytical approach based on a theoretically sound model. Method: This study regarded a task as a system to be designed. Three levels of design ion, which are functional, behavioral, and structural level of a task, characterize the design aspects of a task. The behavioral aspect is further classified into five cognitive processing activity types(information collection, information analysis, decision and action selection, action implementation, and action feedback). The complexity dimensions describe a task complexity from different perspectives that are size, variety, and order/organization. Combining the design aspects and complexity dimensions of a task, we developed a model from which meaningful task complexity factors can be identified and organized in an analytic way. Results: A model consisting of two facets, each of which is respectively concerned with design aspects and complexity dimensions, were proposed. Additionally, twenty-one task complexity factors were identified and organized based on the model. Conclusion: The model and approach introduced in this paper can be effectively used for examining human performance and human-system interface design issues in NPPs. Application: The model and approach introduced in this paper could be used for several human factors problems, including task allocation and design of information aiding, in NPPs and extended to other types of complex systems such as air traffic control systems as well.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.31-36
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• 2009

Many daily activities require people to complete a motor task while walking. Substantial gait decrements during simultaneous attention to a variety of cognitive tasks have been shown by a group of severely injured neurological patients of mixed etiology. And previous studies have shown that the attentional load of a walking-associated task increased with its level of difficulty. The purpose of this study was to analyze subjects' gait changes are affected by the effects of arithmetic task difficulty and performance level. Participants performed a walking task alone, three different Arithmetic tasks while seated, and among them, two kinds of the simillar Arithmetic tasks in combination with walking. Reaction time and accuracy were recorded for two of the Arithmetic tasks. The mean values of the gait were measured using a Timed Up and Go test among 11 with post-stroke patients while walking with and without forward counting (WFC) and backward counting(WBC).There was significant Arithmetic Task Difficulty level between the 10-forward counting task condition(FC) and the 10-backward counting task condition(BC)(p=0.008). The mean values of T.U.G time were significantly higher under backward counting dual-task condition than during a simple walking task(p=0.009) and WFC(p=0.009). The change in T.U.G time during WFC was higher when compared with the change during a simple walking, but there was no significant difference (p=0.246). This study suggesting that a high interference could be linked with a high level of difficulty, whereas adaptive task enabled participants to perfectly share their attention between two concurrent tasks. Future research should determine whether dual task training can reduce gait decrements in dual task situations in people after stroke. And the dual-task-based exercise program is feasible and beneficial for improving walking ability in subjects with stroke.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.147-169
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• 2003

Individual adoption and sustained usage of information technology(IT) are crucial prerequisites for exploiting IT as integral components of organizational work. Previous studies on technology adoption in workplace suggest that acceptance behavior is influenced by a variety of factors such as individual differences, social influences, beliefs, attitudes, and situational influences. In this paper, we introduce a research model to predict the usage behavior of intranet in workplace and also explain the causal relationships among variables. Based on the survey of 333 intranet users, this study uses structural equation model with LISREL 8.12. This study suggests several major results from surveys and analysis from them. Perceived use is influenced by intranet experience, task equivocality, organizational support, and perceived ease of use, Experience and organizational support determine perceived ease of use. Task equivocality, task interdependence, and organizational support have positive effects on subjective norm. On the other hand, present usage, which is a dependent variable in this model, is influenced by perceived use, experience, task interdependence, and organizational support.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.113-124
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• 2019

Recently, Omni Channel Services has been considered the most innovative business strategy. Omni-Channel sees a variety of channels from all channels viewpoints, organically combining each channel to provide a seamless experience for consumers. In other words, Omni-Channel is not simply a systematic integration of channels, but a means of delivering consistent services to consumers in all processes through a strategy to an organic connection. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive insight into the decision factors affecting the adoption of Omni-channel. For this purpose, an empirical analysis is conducted on the course of acceptanceof the Omni-channel service based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and Task-technology fit (TTF), an effective model frequently selected to describe the acceptance of service in the introduction phase of new information technology. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that the task characteristics and the technical characteristics had a positive effect on the task-technology fit, and the task-technology fit had a positive effect on the performance expectancy. In addition, task-technology fit, performance expectancy, and social influence have a positive effect on the intention to use the Omni-Channel. This study is intended to deliver an experimental meaning by proposing a strategical measure to understand the behaviorsand uses of consumers in the Omni-channel service environment and increase the customer satisfaction for the system.