• Educational Technology International
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.145-166
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate why advance organizers (AO) are effective in promoting comprehension and mental model formation in terms of cognitive load. Two experimental groups: a concept-map AO group and a key-word AO group and one control group were used. This study considered cognitive load in view of Baddeley's working memory model: central executive (CE), phonological loop (PL), and visuo-spatial sketch pad (VSSP). The present experiment directly examined cognitive load using dual task methodology. The results were as follows: central executive (CE) suppression task achievement for the concept map AO group was higher than the key word AO group and control group. Comprehension and mental model construction for the concept map AO group were higher than the other groups. These results indicated that the superiority of concept map AO owing to CE load decrement occurred with comprehension and mental model construction in learning. Thus, the available resources produced by CE load reduction may have been invested for comprehension and mental model construction of learning contents.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.573-590
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 국제공동연구인 DECOVALEX-2023 프로젝트 Task G의 연구 현황과 현재까지 수행된 benchmark 해석 결과를 소개하였다. Task G의 명칭은 'Safety ImplicAtions of Fluid Flow, Shear, Thermal and Reaction Processes within Crystalline Rock Fracture NETworks(SAFENET)'로, 결정질 암반 내 균열의 생성과 성장 메커니즘 및 균열에서 발생하는 열-수리-역학적 복합거동을 해석하기 위한 수치해석기법을 개발하는 데에 목표가 있다. Task G의 첫 번째 연구 테마는 결정질 암석 내 단일 균열의 역학적 거동에 대한 해석해(analytical solution)를 바탕으로 각 연구팀의 수치모델링기법을 개발 및 검증하는 Benchmark 해석이다. 본 연구에서는 3차원 입자기반 개별요소모델을 이용하여 단일 균열을 포함한 암석의 역학적 거동 특성을 모델링하고자 하였다. 이 모델에서는 상호독립적으로 거동하는 개별입자의 집합체를 통해 암석의 구조적 특징을 모사하고, 입자와 입자간 접촉에서 발생하는 역학적 거동을 개별요소해석모델인 3DEC을 통해 계산하게 된다. 해석 결과, 도메인의 경계응력으로 인해 균열에 유도되는 수직응력과 전단응력 수준은 변위 구속과 응력 재배치로 인해 이론적인 수치보다 낮게 나타났다. 그러나 수치모델에서 계산된 수직변위와 전단변위는 실제 균열의 유도 응력을 통해 추정된 해석해와 비교할 때 상당히 유사한 결과를 보였으며 균열의 응력-변위 관계를 합리적으로 재현할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 해석모델은 Task G에 참여하는 국외 연구팀들과의 의견 교류와 워크숍을 통해 지속적으로 개선하는 한편, 향후 다양한 조건의 실내시험에 적용하여 타당성을 검증할 예정이다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.147-169
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• 2003

Individual adoption and sustained usage of information technology(IT) are crucial prerequisites for exploiting IT as integral components of organizational work. Previous studies on technology adoption in workplace suggest that acceptance behavior is influenced by a variety of factors such as individual differences, social influences, beliefs, attitudes, and situational influences. In this paper, we introduce a research model to predict the usage behavior of intranet in workplace and also explain the causal relationships among variables. Based on the survey of 333 intranet users, this study uses structural equation model with LISREL 8.12. This study suggests several major results from surveys and analysis from them. Perceived use is influenced by intranet experience, task equivocality, organizational support, and perceived ease of use, Experience and organizational support determine perceived ease of use. Task equivocality, task interdependence, and organizational support have positive effects on subjective norm. On the other hand, present usage, which is a dependent variable in this model, is influenced by perceived use, experience, task interdependence, and organizational support.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.230-239
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• 1998

Though limited, Model Human Processor (MHP) has been used to explain the complex users' behaviors during human-computer interactions in a simplified manner. MHP consists of perceptual, cognitive and motor systems, each with processors and memories interacting with each other in serial or parallel mode. The important parameters of memory include the storage capacity, the decay time, and the code type of a memorized item. The important parameter of a processor is the cycle time. Using these features of the model, this study developed a computerized cognitive process simulator to predict the cognitive process time of a class match task process. An experimental validity test result showed that the mean prediction time for cognitive process of the class match task simulated 50 times by the simulator was consistent with the mean cognitive process time of the same task performed by 37 subjects. Animation of the data flow during the class match task simulation will help understand the invisible human cognitive process.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2023

Coreference resolution is a task in discourse analysis that links several headwords used in any document object. We suggest pointer networks-based coreference resolution for Korean using multi-task learning (MTL) with an attention mechanism for a hierarchical structure. As Korean is a head-final language, the head can easily be found. Our model learns the distribution by referring to the same entity position and utilizes a pointer network to conduct coreference resolution depending on the input headword. As the input is a document, the input sequence is very long. Thus, the core idea is to learn the word- and sentence-level distributions in parallel with MTL, while using a shared representation to address the long sequence problem. The suggested technique is used to generate word representations for Korean based on contextual information using pre-trained language models for Korean. In the same experimental conditions, our model performed roughly 1.8% better on CoNLL F1 than previous research without hierarchical structure.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.117-121
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• 2015

Construction managers use scheduling methods to improve the outcome of their project. Despite the many obvious advantages of the critical path method (CPM), its use in construction has been limited. Understanding the reasons why CPM is not used as extensively as expected could improve its level of acceptance in the construction industry. The link between construction scheduling methods and the tasks expected to be performed by schedulers has been an on-going concern in the construction industry. This study proposes a task-technology fit model to understand why CPM is not used as extensively as expected in construction scheduling. A task-technology fit model that aims to measure the extent to which a construction scheduling method functionally matches the tasks expected to be performed by the scheduling staff. The model that is proposed is an answer to the lack of proper instruments for evaluating the extent to which scheduling methods are used in the industry.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.196-202
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• 2024

The ability to understand given environments and plan a sequence of actions leading to goal state is crucial for personal service robots. With recent advancements in deep learning, numerous studies have proposed methods for state representation in planning. However, previous works lack explicit information about relationships between objects when the state observation is converted to a single visual embedding containing all state information. In this paper, we introduce graph-based state representation that incorporates both object and relationship features. To leverage these advantages in addressing the task planning problem, we propose a Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based subgoal prediction model. This model can extract rich information about object and their interconnected relationships from given state graph. Moreover, a search-based algorithm is integrated with pre-trained subgoal prediction model and state transition module to explore diverse states and find proper sequence of subgoals. The proposed method is trained with synthetic task dataset collected in simulation environment, demonstrating a higher success rate with fewer additional searches compared to baseline methods.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.3663-3679
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• 2020

Scheduling plays a dynamic role in cloud computing in generating as well as in efficient distribution of the resources of each task. The principle goal of scheduling is to limit resource starvation and to guarantee fairness among the parties using the resources. The demand for resources fluctuates dynamically hence the prearranging of resources is a challenging task. Many task-scheduling approaches have been used in the cloud-computing environment. Security in cloud computing environment is one of the core issue in distributed computing. We have designed a deep learning-based security model for scheduling tasks in cloud computing and it has been implemented using CloudSim 3.0 simulator written in Java and verification of the results from different perspectives, such as response time with and without security factors, makespan, cost, CPU utilization, I/O utilization, Memory utilization, and execution time is compared with Round Robin (RR) and Waited Round Robin (WRR) algorithms.

• 지식경영연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.31-52
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• 2007

Since the introduction of knowledge management systems, many studies have attempted to analyze its performance and identify the success factors. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between KMS technology characteristics and its quality. This paper attempts to categorize KMS technology functions into socialization, externalization, combination and internalization and then find the relationship between these functions and KMS quality. It also attempts to investigate the moderating effect of task characteristics in this relationship. Our research frame is derived from the well known task-technology fit model and the related KMS performance studies. A survey was conducted from 157 KMS users. It is found that both externalization and combination are important for KMS quality and this quality influences the KMS performance. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the task characteristics can moderate between the KMS technology and its quality.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 가상 구멍뚫기 작업의 표현을 위한 햅틱 렌더링 시스템을 제안하였다. 가상 모델을 만들기 위하여 영상 처리기법과 Delaunay 삼각형을 이용하였고, 실시간 어플리케이션에 적용하기 위해 간단하면서도 효율적인 후크의 법칙을 이용하여 힘을 생성하였다. 또한, 직렬형 메커니즘으로 표현하기 어려운 큰 힘을 표현하면서, 병렬형 메커니즘의 특이점 문제를 함께 해결하기 위하여 여유구동 6자유도 병렬형 메커니즘을 햅틱장치로 제안하였고 두 종류의 구멍뚫기 실험을 통하여 큰 힘을 표현할 수 있는 능력을 검증하였다.