• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.704-713
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• 2014

Most natural language processing tasks depend on the outputs of some other tasks. Thus, they involve other tasks as subtasks. The main problem of this type of pipelined model is that the optimality of the subtasks that are trained with their own data is not guaranteed in the final target task, since the subtasks are not optimized with respect to the target task. As a solution to this problem, this paper proposes a consolidation of subtasks for a target task ($CST^2$). In $CST^2$, all parameters of a target task and its subtasks are optimized to fulfill the objective of the target task. $CST^2$ finds such optimized parameters through a backpropagation algorithm. In experiments in which text chunking is a target task and part-of-speech tagging is its subtask, $CST^2$ outperforms a traditional pipelined text chunker. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of optimizing subtasks with respect to the target task.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.277-282
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• 2015

Cryopreservation affects osmotic tolerance and intracellular ion concentration through changes in expression levels of water and ion channels. Control of these changes is important for cell survival after cryopreservation. Relatively little is known about changes in $K^+$ channel expression compared to water channel expression. This study was performed to investigate changes in TASK-2 channel (KCNK5: potassium channel, subfamily K, member 5), a member of two-pore domain $K^+$ channel family, in cryopreserved mouse ovaries. Cryopreservation increased TASK-2 mRNA expression in mouse ovaries. In addition, TASK-2 protein expression was upregulated in vitrified and slowly frozen ovaries. TASK-2 protein was expressed in all area of granulosa cells that surround the oocyte within the follicle, except nucleus. Viability of cells overexpressed with TASK-2 was higher than that of vector-transfected cells. Our results found that TASK-2 expression was increased by cryopreservation and overexpression of TASK-2 decreased cryopreservation-induced cell death. These results suggest that TASK-2 upregulation might reduce cryodamage.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.131-152
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• 1991

The purposes of this study are to investigate the socialization of household task service area and the satisfaction with it, and to find out the factors affecting on them. For these purposes the data are collected by using questionnaire distributed to 450 housewives living in Seoul. The data are analyzed using frequency, percentile, one way anova, pearson's correlation analysis, simple regression analysis, multiple regression analysis. The results of this research are as follow : 1. There are significant differences in the socialization of household task service area according to housewives's education and employment family income, the type of housing the number of household equipment sex role attitude, attitude about household task, and task performance competency. 2. The factors showing significant relation to the satisfaction about socialization of household task service areas are found to be housewife's education and employment family income sex role attitude and task performance competancy. 3. In the result of the independent contribution of the factors, the most influencial factor is the socialization of household task service area and the next is sex role attitude. 4. Housewives are generally satisfacted on the socialization of household task because of the overweight of household task and because they are unable to those household tasks, and on the other hand they are generally dissatisfacted on the socialization of household tasks because of economic weight, because they couldn't know the ability of service export before employing and because the housework practiced by service expert is different from their expects.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.57-69
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the isometric endurance time as percentages of maximum voluntary contraction. Electromyogram(EMG) and Borg's CR-I0 value were measured by push-pull-up-down tasks for 10 healthy males. The normalized EMG value and the MPF(mean power frequency) were used to estimate the muscle recruitment pattern and the development of muscle fatigue. The subjects exerted and maintained 5 levels of %MVC(maximum voluntary contraction) in $90^{\circ}$ shoulder flexion/ 180oelbow extension at sitting posture. The up-task showed the lower endurance time and higher Borg's CR-I0 value than the other task types. Comparing Rohmert's curve with the endurance time of task types. Rohmert's curve overestimated the endurance time of up-task and underestimated the endurance time of push-pull-down tasks. The normalized EMG value showed that muscles recruitment patterns were different from task types. The 4 muscles(biceps brachii muscle, tricep brachii muscle. middle deltoid muscle. trapezius muscle) recruitment patterns of up-task were higher than those of other tasks. The MPF value decreased with the endurance time, and the shift of MPF at up-task was larger than that of the other task types.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.63-72
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• 2002

In order to examine universal design, 1 have developed two analytical methodologies based on 3P(point) task analysis: structured task analysis and task matrix analysis. I also extracted nine universal design items, namely (1) adjustment, (2) redundancy, (3) specification and function transparency, (4) feedback and (5) error tolerance, (6) effective acquisition of information, (7) ease of understanding and judgment, (8) comfortable operation, and (9) continuity of information and operation. Structured task analysis is used to uncover problems in each of the tasks constituting a job for each functionally challenged condition of users, and solutions to the extracted problems are examined in terms of the above-mentioned nine universal design items. Task matrix analysis calls for the production of a table for each task in a job. In each table, nine items form the columns, and the horizontal rows list all disability types. Then, solutions are formulated for each cell formed by the intersecting columns and rows. Using these two analysis methods, 1 have conducted a verification experiment for the universal design of a public bus. The results of the research have enabled me to propose various ,solutions from a system-based perspective, instead of coming up with the superficial and isolated solutions which are normally produced when conventional analytical methods are used.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.144-151
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• 2002

In order to examine universal desist I have developed two analytical methodologies based on 3P(point) task analysis: structured task analysis and task matrix analysis. I also extracted me universal design items, namely (1) adjustment (2) redundancy, (3) specification and function transparency, (4) feedback and (5) error tolerance, (6) effective acquisition of information, (7) ease of understanding and judgment (8) comfortable operation, and (9) continuity of information and operation. Structured task analysis is used to uncover problems in each of the tasks constituting a job for each functionally challenged condition of users, and solutions to the extracted problems are examined in terms of the above-mentioned nine universal design items. Task matrix analysis calls for the production of a table for each task in a job. In each table, nine items from the columns, and the horizontal rows list all disability types. Then, solutions are formulated for each cell formed by the intersecting columns and rows. Using these two analysis methods, T have conducted a verification experiment for the universal design of a public bus. The results of the research have enabled me to propose various solutions from a system-based perspective, instead of coming up with the superficial and isolated solutions which are normally produced when conventional analytical methods are used.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.114-119
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• 2002

In driving situation, driver’s performance can be divided into primary task and secondary task. Many studies of primary task have been in progress, but those of secondary task are not implemented sufficiently. However, the driver’s error is greatly influenced by secondary task. In this study, an experiment was assessed to determine the relationship between the driver's operation time for the secondary task and mental workload due to speed changes in a driving simulation. The time to perform the secondary task was analyzed with Fitts’ Law, and mental workload was analyzed with RNASA-TLX(Revision of NASA-Task Load Index). The results has showed that the higher speed, the weaker the explanation by the use of Fitts' Law and the result of analyzing mental workload using RNASA-TLX was similar to the result of Fitts’ Law.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2000

As the demand for the design of modular manipulators or special purpose manipulators has increased, task based design to design an optimal manipulator for a given task become more and more important. However, the complexity with a large number of design parameters, and highly nonlinear and implicit functions are characteristics of a general manipulator design. To achieve the goal of task based design, it is necessary to develop a methodology to solve the complexity. This paper addresses how to determine the kinematic parameters of a two-degrees of freedom manipulator with parallelogram five-bar link mechanism from a given task, namely, how to map a given task into the kinematic parameters. With simplified example of designing a manipulator with five-bar link mechanism, the methodology for task based design is presented. And it introduces formulations of a given task and manipulator specifications, and presents a new dexterity measure for manipulator design. Also the optimization problem with constraints is solved by using a genetic algorithm that provides robust search in complex spaces.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.38-40
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• 2021

Medical domain has a massive number of data records without the response value. Self-supervised learning is a suitable method for medical data since it learns pretext-task and supervision, which the model can understand the semantic representation of data without response values. However, since self-supervised learning performance depends on the expression learned by the pretext-task, it is necessary to define an appropriate Pretext-task with data feature consideration. In this paper, to actively exploit the unlabeled medical data into artificial intelligence research, experimentally find pretext-tasks that suitable for the medical data and analyze the result. We use the x-ray image dataset which is effectively utilizable for the medical domain.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1992.10b
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• pp.497-502
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• 1992

In this paper, a new design technique called Task Based Design (TBD) is proposed to design an optimal robot manipulator for a given task. Optimal design of a manipulator is difficult because it involves implicit and highly nonlinear functions of many design variables for a complex task. TBD designs an optimal manipulator which performs a given task best, by using a framework called Progressive Design which decomposes the complexity of the task into three steps: kinematic design, planning and kinematic control. An example of TBD is presented to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our framework.