• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.469-490
• /
• 2003

Atmospheric concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were measured at Gosan, Jeju in November 2001 and spring 2002, each time for two weeks. Primary target pollutants were organochlorine pesticides, coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (co- PCBs), and dioxin/furans listed in the Stockholm Convention adopted in May 2001. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were also measured in order to understand the overall characteristics of the POPs distribution as well as PM$_{2.5}$, a potent carrier of POPs. In the latter part of the measurement period of November 2001, almost every pollutant of combustion origin including dioxin/furans went high probably due to influence of emissions in the nearby area. The characteristics of atmospheric environment at Gosan in this period were rather close to urban areas far from those of a background area. A severe dust storm swept for three days at the end of the measurement period of spring 2002. However, changes in pollutant concentrations were relatively small except PM$_{10}$. Nevertheless, increases in particulate PAHs and OCDD (octachlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins), mostly present in fine particles, were observed. Trends in organochlorine pesticide variations were mixed although possible volatilization of DDT residues from soil was inferred from the measurements of spring 2002.2.2.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.486-492
• /
• 2006

In this research, IAQ is measured to evaluate the emission performance of VOCs in three new apartment houses finished by totally EFMs (Environmental Friendly Material), partially installed EFMs and general materials. Among various VOCs, Target pollutants for the IAQ measurement are benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene, 1,4-Dichlorobenzene and formaldehyde. The measurement is conducted one day after each interior finishing material is worked over by construction schedule. The result of this research concluded that (1) Except toluene, the concentration levels of each pollutant did not exceed the national IAQ standards in all test residences, (2) As the interior finishing work schedule, A toluene level peaked when the furniture installing was ended. (3) The toluene concentration level of the house installed general interior materials as the non-EFMs furniture was one and half higher than other houses. Consequently, installing. the furniture made by EFMs is one of effective methods to improve the IAQ for new apartment houses.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.98-108
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate water quality in Hapcheon dam via using the Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) model and applied livestock reduction scenarios. Hapcheon dam watershed input data for the HSPF model were established using the stream, land use, digital elevation map and meteorological data and others. The HSPF model was calibrated and validated using the observed water quality data from 2000 to 2016. For water quality simulation, we calculated the generated and discharge loads of the population, livestock, industry and land use following the guideline provided by the Ministry of Environment. The pollutant data were obtained from National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER). The monthly discharge load were estimated by applying the delivery rate. The calibration and validation results showed that the annual mean BOD had a difference of 0.22 mg/L and an error of ±13 %, T-N had a difference of 0.66 mg/L and an error of ±16 % and T-P had a difference of 0.027 mg/L and an error of ±13 %. In order to evaluate the nonpoint pollutants management effects, we applied livestock reduction scenarios because livestock consists of the largest portion of pollutants. As a result of the 20 % of livestock reduction, BOD, T-N and T-P decreased by 3 %, 1 % and 3 %, respectively. When 40 % of livestock reduction was applied, BOD, T-N and T-P decreased by 5 %, 3 % and 4 %, respectively. Based on the results of this study, effective pollutant management methods can be applied to improve the water quality and achieve the target water quality of Hapcheon dam watershed.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.80-90
• /
• 2000

To determine the effect of air pollutants in Taejon City, we used medical insurance claim data for asthma and the data monitored from telemetry system of Ministry of Environment for air pollutants and meteorological factors. From November 1st, 1997 to October 31th, 1998, 95,629 asthma patients were covered by medical insurance at Taejon City. Subjects were composed of 49,563 males (51.8%) and 46.336 females(48.2%), and among the subjects, the proportion under 15 years old was 62.8% of the total. During the study period, daily mean concentrations of each air pollutants-So2, No2, CO, O3 and TSP-were 9.8 ppb, 17.6 ppm, 1.414 pp, 17.3 ppb and 60.6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥, respectively, which were lower than each of the environmental recommended exposure levels, Through the simple correlation analysis between each air pollutants and meteorological factors, O3 was positively correlated with temperature, but negatively with relative humidity. TSP, SO2, NO2, CO were negatively correlated with meteorological factors, and these air pollutants except O3 were positively correlated with each other, O3 was correlated with TSP positively but the others negatively. Estimating relative risks of each air pollutant with the baseline general additive model, daily mean concentrations of TSP(Lag 0, 1, 4, 5day) were significantly associated with the increase of the asthma admission. Two age subgroups, under 15 and 15~54 have shown various association of all air pollutants concentration with the asthma admission. However, in case of over 54 age subgroup, only TSP(Lag 0 day) among all air pollutants was associated with the asthma admission. Each of ambient outdoor pollutant concentrations in Taejon City are significantly associated with the admission of asthma patients even though all concentrations in Taejon City are significantly associated with the admission of asthma patients even though all concentrations were much lower than the environmental recommended exposure levels. Therefore, continuous effort lowering air pollutant concentration and introducing an active environmental conservation policy should be implanted for preventing hazardous health effects. Considering major proportion of asthma admissions, high susceptibility and less confounding factors among the age subgroup under 15 will be a useful target population for assessing such health effect monitoring.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Environmental Technology
• /
• v.19 no.6
• /
• pp.514-527
• /
• 2018

This study formed a scenario to improve a water quality by expecting and analyzing a water quality of Jeollabuk-do Seomjingang water system, so calculated a result. As a result, it was analyzed that a water quality is improved at 15.32 % of the maximum BOD, 7.17 % of T-N, and 62.86 % of T-P according to domestic and livestock cut amount by reinforcing discharge water of sewage disposal plant and improving pollutant management plans. It was analyzed that supplementing various cut plans such as establishment of efficient cut plans, plans to decrease pollution loading amount, plans to increase sewage disposal efficiently, pollutant decrease through an expansion of sewage disposal area, and energy recovery from animal dung of Total Pollutant Load Management System, and developing a study on more efficient improvement plans of water quality by considering natural increase and economic development are efficient in an improvement in a water quality.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.131-137
• /
• 2010

The stormwater runoff from rest areas in highways are known as more polluted compared to highways because of more vehicle activities. This study is performed to find pollutant characteristics in the rest areas in the magnitude of statistical pollutant concentrations during storms. Washoff characteristics of pollutants from rest areas by monitoring of rainfall, runoff rate and runoff samples were evaluated. High concentrations of pollutants in runoff were observed at the beginning of runoff and rapid decrease thereafter, indicating that first-flush effects are clearly occurred. Event Mean Concentrations(EMCs) of TSS, COD, TN, and TP are estimated to be in the range of 31.04-127.11mg/L, 35.5-369.5mg/L, 2.62-9.86 mg/L, and 0.53-1.96mg/L, respectively. Heavy metals in runoff showed relatively high values, possibly due to the abrasion of brake pad or tire while cars are slowly moving for parking. EMCs of total Pb, total Cu, and total Ni are in the range of $1206-16293{\mu}g/L$, $237-7906{\mu}g/L$, and $53-6372{\mu}g/L$, respectively. Pollutant loading per rest area calculated by using EMC, flowrate and target area is also described for each pollutant.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.433-445
• /
• 2017

In recent years, the United States has used the Load Duration Curve (LDC) method to identify water pollution problems, considering the size of the pollutant load in the entire stream flow condition to effectively evaluate Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). A study on the improvement of the target water quality evaluation method was carried out by comparing evaluations of two consecutive years of water quality and LDC data for 41 unit watersheds (14 main streams and 27 tributaries). As a result, the achievement rate of the target water quality evaluation method, according to current regulations, was 68-93%, and that by the LDC method was 82-93%. Evaluating the target water quality using the LDC method results in a reduction in the administrative burden and the total amount of planning as compared to the current method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
• /
• v.8 no.6
• /
• pp.149-153
• /
• 2008

The pollutant capacity occurred before and after the development of a watershed should be quantitatively estimated and controlled for the minimization of water contamination. The Ministry of Environment suggested a guideline for the legal management of nonpoint source from 2006. However, the rational method for the determination of treatment capacity from nonpoint source proposed in the guideline has the problem in the field application because it does not reflect the project based cases and overestimates the pollutant load to be reduced. So, we perform the standard rainfall analysis by analytical probabilistic method for the estimation of an additional pollutant load occurred by a project and suggest a methodology for the estimation of contaminant capacity instead of a simple rational method. The suggested methodology in this study could determine the reasonable capacity and efficiency of a treatment facility through the estimation of pollutant load from nonpoint source and from this we can manage the watershed appropriately. We applied a suggested methodology to the projects of housing land development and a dam construction in the watersheds. When we determine the treatment capacity by a rational method without consideration of the types of projects we should treat the 90% of pollutant capacity occurred by the development and to do so, about 30% of the total cost for the development should be invested for the treatment facility. This requires too big cost and is not realistic. If we use the suggested method the target pollutant capacity to be reduced will be 10 to 30% of the capacity occurred by the development and about 5 to 10% of the total cost can be used. The control of nonpoint source must be performed for the water resources management. However it is not possible to treat the 90% of pollutant load occurred by the development. The proper pollutant capacity from nonpoint source should be estimated and controlled based on various project types and in reality, this is very important for the watershed management. Therefore the results of this study might be more reasonable than the rational method proposed in the Ministry of Environment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.34 no.11
• /
• pp.720-728
• /
• 2012

In general, nonpoint pollutant of a watershed is drained out in the form of storm water runoff during rainfall events. As the bulk of the nonpoint pollutant is in adsorbed form on particulate matters, in order to understand the behavior of nonpoint pollutant it is essential to grasp the characteristics of particulate matters in rainfall runoff. Though, previous studies for the relationship between the runoff characteristics of pollutants and the size distribution of particulate matters are very rare. In this study, a small non-urbanized area (basin area of 52.8 ha) with various landuse types including paddy, dry fields and forest was selected and investigated in detail for the runoff properties of each pollutant during several rainfall events. The correlation and effects between particulate matters and nonpoint pollutant were analyzed quantitatively. As a result, the significant first flush was observed on each event and it became clear that fine particulate matters ($80{\mu}m$ or less) has contributed in the runoff process of nutrients and heavy metals. Organic matters ($BOD_5$, TOC), nutrients (TN, TP) and several heavy metals (Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg and Zn) represented high correlations with SS (total), VSS, SS (d < $20{\mu}m$) and SS ($20{\mu}m$ $$\leq_-$$ d < $80{\mu}m$). On the other hand, $COD_{cr}$, Cd, Mn and Pb did not show clear correlations with the behavior of particulate matters. Therefore, we have to examine the introduction of nonpoint pollution mitigation facilities considering the facts that nonpoint pollutant runoff process has high correlation with the behavior of particulate matters and is changeable based on the target pollutants.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.39 no.10
• /
• pp.581-590
• /
• 2017

For effective improvement of water quality in Seokmun reservoir, this study implemented various analyses including the tributary water quality and flowrate monitoring, contamination of sediment, investigation of pollution source, selection of priority management target tributary by stream grouping method. The COD concentration of the majority of tributaries in Seokmun reservoir watershed was relatively higher than BOD concentration. The concentration of water pollutants regardless of water quality parameters in Yeokcheon, Dangjincheon, Sigokcheon, Baekseokcheon, small stream in Jinkwanri and Janghangri were higher than the other tributaries. The pollution sources in the Seokmun reservoir watershed were mostly distributed in the population, livestock, and industry. The pollutants, which located in Yeokcheon, Dangjincheon, Baekseokcheon, and small stream in Janghangri selected as priority management target tributary, should be preferentially reduced for improving the water quality in Seokmun reservoir. As the evaluation results of water quality in Seokmun reservoir for the effect of water quality improvement according to various scenarios using water quality model, it was found that the water quality in Seokmun reservoir due to the construction of a wastewater treatment plant for management of pollutants in the watershed would be satisfied the class V of water environment standard in reservoir.