• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2005

There are some critical drawbacks in the use of biomarkers for a global assessment of the toxicological impacts many chemicals and environmental pollutants have, primarily due to an individual biomarker's specificity for an explicit chemical or toxicant. In other words, the biomarker-based assessment methodology used to analyze toxicological effects lacks a high-throughput capability. Therefore, eco-toxicogenomics, or the study of toxicogenomics with organisms present within a given environmental locale, has recently been introduced with the advent of the so-called "-omics" era, which began with the creation of microarray technologies. Fish are comparable with humans in their toxicological responses and thus data from toxicogenomic studies performed with fish could be applied, with appropriate tools and implementation protocols, to the evaluation of environments where human or animal health is of concern. At present, there have been very active research streams for developing expression sequence tag (EST) databases (DBs) for zebra fish and rainbow trout. Even though few reports involve toxicogenomic studies with fish, a few groups have successfully fabricated and used cDNA microarrays or oligo DNA chips when studying the toxicological impacts of hypoxia or some toxicants with fish. Furthermore, it is strongly believed that this technology can also be implemented with non-model fish. With the standardization of DNA microarray technologies and ample progress in bioinformatics and proteomic technologies, data obtained from DNA microarray technologies offer not only multiple biomarker assays or an analysis of gene expression profiles, but also a means of elucidating gene networking, gene-gene relations, chemical-gene interactions, and chemical-chemical relationships. Accordingly, the ultimate target of eco-toxicogenomics should be to predict and map the pathways of stress propagation within an organism and to analyze stress networking.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2010

배아줄기세포를 이용한 형질전환동물의 제조는 유전자의 기능 연구에 필수적이다. 특히 유전자 파괴 생쥐는 유전자의 기능 연구뿐만 아니라 사람 질병 연구에 중요한 모델이 되어 왔다. 유전자 적중법(gene targeting)과 유전자 함정법(gene trapping)은 ES 세포에서 녹아웃(knockout) 생쥐를 제조하는 대표적인 방법이다. 20여 년 전 유전자 적중법과 함정법이 최초로 개발된 이후에 이 기술은 많은 변화를 거쳤다. 특히 상동재조합에 기초한 전통적 유전자 적중법은 대량 제조기반의 조건부 유전자 적중법의 개발로 이어졌고, 유전자 적중법 및 유전자 함정법의 장점 요소의 조합은 유전자를 파괴하는 범위를 넓혔고, 유전자 적중을 더욱 효율적으로 만들었다. 이런 기술은 특정 유전자를 표적으로 하는 다양한 종류의 돌연변이 형질전환동물을 제조할 수 있게 하여 포스트게놈 시대에 요구되는 전체 유전체의 기능 연구를 더욱 효과적으로 진행시켜 줄 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.587-601
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• 2013

During the last few decades, it has become evident that the compatibility of the yeast biochemical environment with the ability to process and translate the RNA transcript, along with its capacity to modify a translated protein, are relevant requirements for selecting this host cell for protein expression in several pharmaceutical and clinical applications. In particular, Pichia pastoris is used as an industrial host for recombinant protein and metabolite production, showing a powerful capacity to meet required biomolecular target production levels in high-throughput assays for functional genomics and drug screening. In addition, there is a great advantage to using P. pastoris for protein secretion, even at high molecular weights, since the recovery and purification steps are simplified owing to relatively low levels of endogenous proteins in the extracellular medium. Clearly, no single microexpression system can provide all of the desired properties for human protein production. Moreover, chemical and physical bioprocess parameters, including culture medium formulation, temperature, pH, agitation, aeration rates, induction, and feeding strategies, can highly influence product yield and quality. In order to benefit from the currently available wide range of biosynthesis strategies using P. pastoris, this mini review focuses on the developments and technological fermentation achievements, providing both a comparative and an overall integration analysis. The main aim is to highlight the relevance and versatility of the P. pastoris biosystem to the design of more cost-effective microfactories to meet the increasing demands for recombinant membrane proteins and clinical antibodies for several therapeutic applications.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.1058-1068
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• 2007

The post-translational modifications of Ser and Thr residues by O-linked $\beta$-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), i.e., O-GlcNAcylation, is considered a key means of regulating signaling, in a manner analogous to protein phosphorylation. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the increased flux of glucose through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) stimulates O-GlcNAcylation, and that this may be responsible for many of the manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To determine whether excessive O-GlcNAcylation of target proteins results in pancreatic $\beta$ cell dysfunction, we increased nucleocytoplasmic protein O-GlcNAcylation levels in $\beta$ cells by exposing them to streptozotocin and/or glucosamine. Streptozotocin and glucosamine co-treatment increased O-GlcNAcylated proteomic patterns as assessed by immunoblotting, and these increases in nuclear and cytoplasmic protein O-GlcNAcylations were accompanied by impaired insulin secretion and enhanced apoptosis in pancreatic $\beta$ cells. This observed $\beta$cell dysfunction prompted us to examine Akt and Bcl-2 family member proteins to determine which proteins are O-GlcNAcylated under conditions of high HBP throughput, and how these proteins are associated with $\beta$ cell apoptosis. Eventually, we identified ten new O-GlcNAcylated proteins that were expressed during $\beta$ cell apoptosis, and analyzed the functional implications of these proteins in relation to pancreatic $\beta$ cell dysfunction.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2013

모바일 인터넷 통신 표준인 WiMax2는 PKMv2 프로토콜을 이용한다. PKMv2는 키에 기반한 암호화를 사용하여 통신 기지국과 단말간의 데이터를 보호한다. 따라서 WiMax2 단말 또는 기지국을 개발하는 경우 PKMv2 프로토콜을 구현하여야만 하며, 상호 동작에 대한 적합성 테스트를 통과하여야 한다. 또한 저성능 프로세서를 이용하는 단말의 경우 암호화 모듈의 처리 성능이 WiMax2 통신의 데이터 처리 능력에 병목이 될 수 있으므로 해당 프로세서에서의 암호화 모듈 처리 성능의 적절성을 측정하여야 한다. 본 논문은 이러한 경우에 사용할 수 있는 WiMax2 PKMv2에 따르는 동작성 시험 및 성능 측정 테스트베드를 구현하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.285-291
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• 2005

The nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is the essential catalytic enzyme for the viral replication and is an appealing target for the development of new therapeutic agents against HCV infection. A small amount of serum from a single patient with hepatitis C was used to get the genome of a Korean HCV isolate. Sequence analysis of NS5B 1701 nucleotides showed the genotype of a Korean isolate to be subtype 1b. The soluble recombinant HCV NS5B polymerase lacking the C-terminal 24 amino acids was expressed and purified to homogeneity. With the highly purified NS5B protein, we established in vitro systems for RdRp activity to identify potential polymerase inhibitors. The rhodanine family compounds were found to be potent and specific inhibitors of NS5B from high throughput screening (HTS) assay utilizing the scintillation proximity assay (SPA) system. The binding mode of an inhibitor was analyzed by measuring various kinetic parameters. Lineweaver-Burk plots of the inhibitor suggested it binds not to the active site of NS5B polymerase, but to an allosteric site of the enzyme. The activity of NS5B in in vitro polymerase reactions with homopolymeric RNA requires interaction with multiple substrates that include a template/primer and ribonucleotide triphosphate. Steady-state kinetic parameter, such as Km, was determined for the ribonucleotide triphosphate. One of compounds found interacts directly with the viral polymerase and inhibits RNA synthesis in a manner noncompetitively with respect to UTP. Furthermore, we also investigated the ability of the compound to inhibit NS5B-directed viral RNA replication using the Huh7 cell-based HCV replicon system. The investigation is potentially very useful for the utility of such compounds as anti-hepatitic agents.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

본 논문은 수중 IoT 네트워크에서 센서의 전력 소비를 줄이고 네트워크의 처리량을 향상하는 수중 링크적응 방법을 제안한다. 링크 적응 방법의 하나인 AMC(Adaptive Modulation and Coding) 기술은 SNR(Signal Noise Rate)과 BER(Bit Error Rate)의 강한 상관관계를 이용하지만, 수중에 바로 적용하는 것은 어렵다. 따라서 수중 환경에 적합한 머신러닝 기반의 AMC 기술을 제안한다. 제안하는 MCS(Modulation Coding and Scheme) 예측 모델은 수중 채널 환경에서 목표 BER 값을 달성하기 위한 통신 방법을 예측한다. 예측된 통신 방법을 실제 수중 무선 통신에서 적용하는 것은 현실적으로 어렵기 때문에 본 논문에서는 높은 정확도의 BER 예측 모델을 사용해 MCS 예측 모델의 성능을 확인한다. 결과적으로 제안하는 AMC 기술은 통신 성공 확률을 올림으로써 머신러닝의 적용 가능성을 확인시켰다.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2000년도 International Symposium on Bioinformatics
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• pp.74-82
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• 2000

Prostate cancer initially responds and regresses in response to androgen depletion therapy, but most human prostate cancers will eventually recur, and re-grow as an androgen independent tumor. Once these tumors become hormone refractory, they usually are incurable leading to death for the patient. Little is known about the molecular details of how prostate cancer cells regress following androgen ablation and which genes are involved in the androgen independent growth following the development of resistance to therapy. Such knowledge would reveal putative drug targets useful in the rational therapeutic design to prevent therapy resistance and control androgen independent growth. The application of genome scale technologies have permitted new insights into the molecular mechanisms associated with these processes. Specifically, we have applied functional genomics using high density cDNA microarray analysis for parallel gene expression analysis of prostate cancer in an experimental xenograft system during androgen withdrawal therapy, and following therapy resistance, The large amount of expression data generated posed a formidable bioinformatics challenge. A novel template based gene clustering algorithm was developed and applied to the data to discover the genes that respond to androgen ablation. The data show restoration of expression of androgen dependent genes in the recurrent tumors and other signaling genes. Together, the discovered genes appear to be involved in prostate cancer cell growth and therapy resistance in this system. We have also developed and applied tissue microarray (TMA) technology for high throughput molecular analysis of hundreds to thousands of clinical specimens simultaneously. TMA analysis was used for rapid clinical translation of candidate genes discovered by cDNA microarray analysis to determine their clinical utility as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets. Finally, we have developed a bioinformatic approach to combine pharmacogenomic data on the efficacy and specificity of various drugs to target the discovered prostate cancer growth associated candidate genes in an attempt to improve current therapeutics.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권11B호
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• pp.1178-1190
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• 2009

무선 랜에서 다양한 QoS를 제공하기 위해 제안된 IEEE 802.11e는 경쟁기반의 EDCA와 비경쟁 기반인 HCCA 모드를 가진다. 802.11e의 중앙제어 방식인 HCCA는 효율적인 자원분배를 하는 스케줄링 알고리즘을 필요로 한다. 그러나 기존의 HCCA 스케줄러 알고리즘들은 VBR 트래픽 제공하는 실시간 서비스에 QoS를 보장하는데 있어 어려움이 있다. 본 논문에서는 VBR 트래픽에 대하여 QoS를 보장하는 효율적인 자원분배를 위해 평균자원 할당과 최대 자원 할당방법을 동시에 사용하는 이중 리키 버킷을 사용하였다. QoS 보장 된 스테이션의 개수를 최대화하기 위하여 statistical 접근법을 사용하여 각 스테이션의 필요한 TXOP의 최소값을 구하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과는 제안한 알고리즘의 성능이 참조 스케줄러와 비교하여 전송률과 전송 지연 측면에서 성능이 좋음을 보여준다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제41권8호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 Motion JPEG2000 등의 이산 웨이블릿 기반의 고속 영상처리를 위해서 리프팅 방식의 효율적인 H/W 구조를 제안하였다. 리프팅 내부연산의 반복성을 이용하여 알고리즘 레벨에서 구조적인 사상을 적용하고 데이터 스케줄링을 이용하여 최적화되고 간략화된 리프팅 기반의 필터링 셀의 구조를 제안한다. 이를 바탕으로 (9,7) 및 (5,3) 필터를 모두 수용할 수 있는 리프팅 커널의 구조를 구현하였다. 제안된 리프팅 커널은 일정 대기지연 시간 후에 연속적으로 데이터를 출력할 수 있는 간략화된 구조를 갖고 있다. 시간적인 순서로 입력되는 데이터에 대해서 일정한 출력을 발생할 수 있기 때문에 단순히 H/W를 추가하면 병렬적인 동작을 통해서 높은 출력율을 간단히 얻을 수 있다. 본 논문에서 제안된 리프팅 커널은 ASIC 및 FPGA 환경으로 모두 구현하였는데, ASIC으로는 삼성전자의 0.35㎛ CMOS 라이브러리를 이용하여 구현하였고 FPGA은 Altera사의 APEX을 타겟으로 하였다. ASIC의 경우 리프팅 연산을 위해 41,592개의 게이트 수와 라인 버퍼링을 위한 128Kbit의 메모리를 사용하였으며, FPGA의 경우 6,520개의 LE(Logic Element)와 128개의 ESB(Embedded System Block)을 사용하였다. 각각의 경우에 대해서 125MHz와 52MHz의 속도에서 안정적으로 동작할 수 있었다.