• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 복수 Position Sensitive Detector(PSD) 센서와 IR Beacon Module(적외선 비콘 모듈)을 이용하여 우주비행체의 랑데부/도킹/군집 운용과 같은 근접 운용을 위한 칼만 필터 기반의 상대항법 알고리즘 연구를 수행한다. PSD 센서와 적외선 비콘 모듈은 각각 Target Satellite과 Chaser Satellite에 장착되어 위성의 상대 위치와 상대 자세 정보를 획득하여 위성간 근접운용에 사용한다. 각각의 상대 항법 기법의 성능을 비교 분석하기 위하여 수치 시뮬레이션을 수행한다. 상대항법 알고리즘에 사용된 PSD 센서와 적외선 비콘 모듈의 광학적 모델링과 작동 원리를 기반으로 칼만필터의 측정 모델을 구성한다. 확장 칼만 필터(EKF)와 무향 칼만 필터(UKF)는 우주비행체의 병진 운동 및 회전 운동에 대한 운동학 및 동역학적 특성을 활용하는 측정 융합에 기반을 둔 확률론적 상대항법 기법으로 사용된다. EKF와 UKF, 두 필터의 상대 자세 및 상대 위치 추정 성능을 비교한다. Target Satellite과 Chaser Satellite에 장착되는 PSD 센서와 적외선 비콘 모듈의 개수와 상대항법기법의 변화에 따른 수치 시뮬레이션을 수행하여 성능 변화를 확인하였다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.978-981
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• 2012

We present an analytic solution to the projector pose estimation problem for the pinhole projection model in which the source image is a centered rectangle with an unknown aspect ratio. From a single quadrilateral given as a target image, our solution gives the position and orientation of a projector as well as the aspect ratio of a source image. The proposed method decomposes the problem into two pose estimation problems of coupled line projectors aligned at each diagonal of the given quadrilateral and then computes the common solution that satisfies the relevant geometric constraints. The solution is formulated as simple analytic equations. We also provide a determinant of projectability of an arbitrary quadrilateral.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.535-544
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• 2024

In the rapidly advancing landscape of computer vision (CV) technology, there is a burgeoning interest in its integration with the construction industry. Camera calibration is the process of deriving intrinsic and extrinsic parameters that affect when the coordinates of the 3D real world are projected onto the 2D plane, where the intrinsic parameters are internal factors of the camera, and extrinsic parameters are external factors such as the position and rotation of the camera. Camera pose estimation or extrinsic calibration, which estimates extrinsic parameters, is essential information for CV application at construction since it can be used for indoor navigation of construction robots and field monitoring by restoring depth information. Traditionally, camera pose estimation methods for cameras relied on target objects such as markers or patterns. However, these methods, which are marker- or pattern-based, are often time-consuming due to the requirement of installing a target object for estimation. As a solution to this challenge, this study introduces a novel framework that facilitates camera pose estimation using standardized materials found commonly in construction sites, such as concrete forms. The proposed framework obtains 3D real-world coordinates by referring to construction materials with certain specifications, extracts the 2D coordinates of the corresponding image plane through keypoint detection, and derives the camera's coordinate through the perspective-n-point (PnP) method which derives the extrinsic parameters by matching 3D and 2D coordinate pairs. This framework presents a substantial advancement as it streamlines the extrinsic calibration process, thereby potentially enhancing the efficiency of CV technology application and data collection at construction sites. This approach holds promise for expediting and optimizing various construction-related tasks by automating and simplifying the calibration procedure.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.499-505
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• 2018

서로 떨어져 설치된 두 개의 음향 센서에 도달하는 신호의 상호 지연 시간을 추정하는 것은 실내 음향과 소나 등에서 목표물 위치 추정 문제나 추적 및 동기화에 이르기까지 다방면에서 쓰이고 있다. 시간 지연을 구하는 방법에서는 두 수신 신호 사이의 상호 상관을 이용한 방법이 대표적이다. 그러나 이 방법은 수신 음향 센서에 잡음이 부과 되는 것에 충분한 고려가 없었다. 본 논문은 수신 음향 센서에 모두 잡음이 부과된 경우를 고려한 새로운 시간 지연 추정 방법을 제안한다. 기존의 일반 상호 상관법과 적응 고유치 분석법과 비교를 통해서 새로 제안한 알고리즘이 유색 신호에 부가된 가우시안 잡음환경에서 우수성이 있음을 확인한다.

• Advances in robotics research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.45-57
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• 2018

Even though the popularity of projection mapping continues to increase and it is being implemented in more and more settings, most current projection mapping systems are limited to special purposes, such as outdoor events, live theater and musical performances. This lack of versatility arises from the large number of projectors needed and their proper calibration. Furthermore, we cannot change the positions and poses of projectors, or their projection targets, after the projectors have been calibrated. To overcome these problems, we propose a projection mapping method using a projector robot that can perform projection mapping in more general or ubiquitous situations, such as shopping malls. We can estimate a projector's position and pose with the robot's self-localization sensors, but the accuracy of this approach remains inadequate for projection mapping. Consequently, the proposed method solves this problem by combining self-localization by robot sensors with position and pose estimation of projection targets based on a 3D model. We first obtain the projection target's 3D model and then use it to accurately estimate the target's position and pose and thus achieve accurate projection mapping with a projector robot. In addition, our proposed method performs accurate projection mapping even after a projection target has been moved, which often occur in shopping malls. In this paper, we employ Ubiquitous Display (UD), which we are researching as a projector robot, to experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.859-866
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• 2009

The article discusses an issue of estimating the airspeed of an autonomous flying vehicle. Airspeed is the difference between ground speed and wind speed. It is desirable to know any two among the three speeds for navigation, guidance and control of an autonomous vehicle. For example, ground speed and position are used to guide a vehicle to a target point and wind speed and airspeed are used to maximize flight performance such as a gliding range. However, the target vehicle has not an airspeed sensor but a ground speed sensor (GPS/INS). So airspeed or wind speed has to be estimated. Here, airspeed is to be estimated. A vehicle's dynamics and its dynamic parameters are used to estimate airspeed with attitude and angular speed measurements. Kalman filter is used for the estimation. There are also two major sources arousing a robust estimation problem; wind speed and altitude. Wind speed and direction depend on weather conditions. Altitude changes as a vehicle glides down to the ground. For one reference altitude, multiple model Kalman filters are pre-designed based on several reference airspeeds. We call this group of filters as a cluster. Filters of a cluster are activated simultaneously and probabilities are calculated for each filter. The probability indicates how much a filter matches with measurements. The final airspeed estimate is calculated by summing all estimates multiplied by probabilities. As a vehicle glides down to the ground, other clusters that have been designed based on other reference altitudes are activated. Some numerical simulations verify that the proposed method is effective to estimate airspeed.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2002

In this paper, we present a new approach based on an elitist genetic algorithm for the task of aligning the position of a robot gripper using CCD cameras. The vision-based control scheme for the task of aligning the gripper with the desired position is implemented by image information. The relationship between the camera space location and the robot joint coordinates is estimated using a camera-space parameter modal that generalizes known manipulator kinematics to accommodate unknown relative camera position and orientation. To find the joint angles of a robot manipulator for reaching the target position in the image space, we apply an elitist genetic algorithm instead of a nonlinear least square error method. Since GA employs parallel search, it has good performance in solving optimization problems. In order to improve convergence speed, the real coding method and geometry constraint conditions are used. Experiments are carried out to exhibit the effectiveness of vision-based control using an elitist genetic algorithm with a real coding method.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2001

The multiple targets tracking problem has been one of the main issues in the radar applications area in the last decade. Besides the standard Kalman filtering, various methods including the variable dimen-sion filter, input estimation filter, interacting multiple model(IMM) filter, dederated variable dimension filter with input estimation, etc., have proposed to address the tracking and sensor fusion issues. In this pa- per, two existing tracking algorithm, i.e, the IMM filter and the variable dimension filter with input estima-tion(VDIE), are combined for the purpose of improving the tracking performance for maneuvering targets. To evaluate the tracking performance of the proposed algorithm, three typical maneuvering patterns, i.e., waver, pop-up, and high-diver motions, are defined and are applied to the modified IMM filter as well as the standard IMM filter. The smaller RMS tracking errors, in position and velocity, of the modified IMM filter than the standard IMM filter are demonstrated though computer simulations.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제48권11호
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• pp.873-880
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• 2020

본 논문은 스트랩다운 탐색기 측정치와 INS 정보를 이용하여 시선각속도를 추정하는 유도필터 설계에 대해서 다룬다. 제안하는 유도필터는 탐색기 측정치와 유도탄 자세로부터 획득 가능한 시선각과 표적의 위치와 유도탄과의 상대 위치를 측정치로 하고 있으며, 주기 및 동기가 맞지 않는 두 센서의 출력을 사용하기 위해 비동기 필터를 기반으로 하고 있다. 제안한 방법을 통해 시간지연이 큰 탐색기 측정치를 사용함으로써 생길 수 있는 기생루프에 대한 영향을 줄이고 추정성능을 향상시킬 수 있다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2011년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.337-340
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• 2011

신호원으로부터 발생하는 전파를 이격된 다중센서에서 수신하여 신호원의 위치를 추정하는 시스템에서는 신호원의 위치와 센서들의 위치에 따라 위치추정 정확도가 저하되는 현상이 나타난다. 이러한 현상을 GDOP 효과라 하며, 이러한 효과를 최소화하여 위치탐지정확도 성능을 향상시키기 위한 방법에 대해 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 이격 배치된 센서들의 방위(AOA; Angle of Arrival) 정보를 이용하여 GDOP 효과의 발생 가능성을 추정하고, 위치 추정에서 오차 요인이 되는 센서를 제거하여 GDOP 효과로 인한 성능 저하를 최소화하는 방법에 관한 연구 결과를 서술하겠다.