• Food Science and Industry
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.295-306
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• 2020

In Korea, confectionery refers to biscuits, snacks, chocolate, candy and gum. The first sweet in Korea is the Yumilkwa (oil-and-honey pastry) in the Goryeo Dynasty which was mentioned in history book, and is seen to be popular in medieval Korea. Korea's confectionery industry began in 1945 with the aid of the U.S. forces, Haitai Confectionery company produced sweets. The first confectionery product is 'Yeon yang gang'. In the 1970s and 1980s, the confectionery industry developed along with economic growth in Korea, and many of the products released at this time are still loved. Now the domestic market is saturated, sales of domestic confectionery companies are decreasing due to low-priced offers made by importers. It is necessary to develop products with high quality and brand power that can lead the market, and I think it is necessary to target the undeveloped market like the Halal market.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.30-36
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• 2019

This paper suggests a car-following algorithm for urban environment, with multiple target candidates. Until now, advanced driver assistant systems (ADASs) and self-driving technologies have been researched to cope with diverse possible scenarios. Among them, car-following driving has been formed the groundwork of autonomous vehicle for its integrity and flexibility to other modes such as smart cruise system (SCC) and platooning. Although the field has a rich history, most researches has been focused on the shape of target trajectory, such as the order of interpolated polynomial, in simple single-lane situation. However, to introduce the car-following mode in urban environment, realistic situation should be reflected: multi-lane road, target's unstable driving tendency, obstacles. Therefore, the suggested car-following system includes both in-lane preceding vehicle and other factors such as side-lane targets. The algorithm is comprised of three parts: path candidate generation and optimal trajectory selection. In the first part, initial guesses of desired paths are calculated as polynomial function connecting host vehicle's state and vicinal vehicle's predicted future states. In the second part, final target trajectory is selected using quadratic cost function reflecting safeness, control input efficiency, and initial objective such as velocity. Finally, adjusted path and control input are calculated using model predictive control (MPC). The suggested algorithm's performance is verified using off-line simulation using Matlab; the results shows reasonable car-following motion planning.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.257-259
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• 2008

Acceleration time history (ATH) used in the seismic analysis should envelop a target power spectral density (PSD) function in addition to the design response spectrum in order to have sufficient energy at each frequency for the purpose of ensuring adequate load. Even though design regulations require the ATH used in seismic analysis to meet a target PSD function, the reason that ATHs meet to a target PSD function is not described. Thus, artificial ATHs for high PSD function and artificial ATHs for low PSD function are generated. And then elastic and inelastic single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems are loaded with these artificial time histories as the earthquake load. As a result, linear response and inelastic response of SDOF systems are affected by PSD function.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to isolate characteristics of exhibits particularly considering educational perspectives and effectiveness in attracting the attention of visitors in famous Natural History Museums. The target exhibits were selected from the Natural History museum in London, the Australian Museum in Sydney, the American Museum of Natural History in New York, and the Smithsonian Museum in Washington D.C. A total of 107 sample exhibits used in this study from these four museums were selected as representative solid earth science education related exhibitions including fossils, geological history, and minerals. For the investigation, this study developed a checklist with seven items based on reviewing previous literature and articles pertaining to exhibit characteristics of natural history museums and science centers. Also the educational perspectives focused on classifications of exhibitions by Hein (1997). In this study, all the sample exhibit, were taken pictures of and stored on slide films for lated examination. Respectively exciting and positive results were found in all four museums. The analyses, however, indicated weaknesses as well as strengths in the four museum exhibits.

• ALGAE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.167-174
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• 2016

Biological response of cells to variable conditions should affect the expression level of certain genes. Quantification of these changes in target genes needs stable internal controls. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has traditionally used reference or ‘housekeeping’ genes, that are considered to maintain equal expression in different conditions, to evaluate changes in target genes between samples and experimental conditions. Recent studies showed that some housekeeping genes may vary considerably in certain biological samples. This has not been evaluated in red algae. In order to identify the optimal internal controls for real-time PCR, we studied the expression of eleven commonly used housekeeping genes; elongation factor 1-alpha, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, β-actin, polyubiquitin, 30S ribosomal gene, 60S ribosomal gene, beta-tubulin, alpha-tubulin, translation initiation factor, ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, and isocitrate dehydrogenase in different life-history stages of Bostrychia moritziana. Our results suggest that glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and 30S ribosomal gene, have the most stable gene expression levels between the different life history stages (male, female, carposporophyte, and tetrasporophyte), while the other genes are not satisfactory as internal controls. These results suggest that the combinations of GAPDH and 30S would be useful as internal controls to assess expression level changes in genes that may control different physiological processes in this organism or that may change in different life history stages. These results may also be useful in other red algal systems.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2021

Seismic designs for Korean nuclear power plants (NPPs) under earthquakes' design basis are noticed due to the recent earthquake events in Korea and Japan. Japan has developed the technologies and experiences of the NPPs through theoretical research and experimental verification with extensively accumulated measurement data. This paper describes the main features of the design-time history complying with the Japanese seismic design standard. Proper seed motions in the earthquake catalog are used to generate one set of design time histories. A magnitude and epicentral distance specify the amplitude envelope function configuring the shape of the earthquake. Cumulative velocity response spectral values of the design time histories are compared and checked to the target response spectra. Spectral accelerations of the time histories and the multiple-damping target response spectra are also checked to exceed. The generated design time histories are input to the reactor building seismic analyses with fixed-base boundary conditions to calculate the seismic responses. Another set of design time histories is generated to comply with Korean seismic design procedures for NPPs and used for seismic input motions to the same reactor containment building seismic analyses. The responses at the dome apex of the building are compared and analyzed. The generated design time histories will be also applied to subsequent seismic analyses of other Korean standard NPP structures.

• Korean Journal of Ophthalmology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.497-505
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate and compare published methods of calculating intraocular lens (IOL) power following myopic laser refractive surgery. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of 69 patients (69 eyes) who had undergone myopic laser refractive surgery previously and subsequently underwent cataract surgery at Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, South Korea from January 2010 to June 2016. None of the patients had pre-refractive surgery biometric data available. The Haigis-L, Shammas, Barrett True-K (no history), Wang-Koch-Maloney, Scheimpflug total corneal refractive power (TCRP) 3 and 4 mm (SRK-T and Haigis), Scheimpflug true net power, and Scheimpflug true refractive power (TRP) 3 mm, 4 mm, and 5 mm (SRK-T and Haigis) methods were employed. IOL power required for target refraction was back-calculated using stable post-cataract surgery manifest refraction, and implanted IOL power and formula accuracy were subsequently compared among calculation methods. Results: Haigis-L, Shammas, Barrett True-K (no history), Wang-Koch-Maloney, Scheimpflug TCRP 4 mm (Haigis), Scheimpflug true net power 4 mm (Haigis), and Scheimpflug TRP 4 mm (Haigis) formulae showed high predictability, with mean arithmetic prediction errors and standard deviations of $-0.25{\pm}0.59$, $-0.05{\pm}1.19$, $0.00{\pm}0.88$, $-0.26{\pm}1.17$, $0.00{\pm}1.09$, $-0.71{\pm}1.20$, and $0.03{\pm}1.25$ diopters, respectively. Conclusions: Visual outcomes within 1.0 diopter of target refraction were achieved in 85% of eyes using the calculation methods listed above. Haigis-L, Barrett True-K (no history), and Scheimpflug TCRP 4 mm (Haigis) and TRP 4 mm (Haigis) methods showed comparably low prediction errors, despite the absence of historical patient information.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.709-723
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• 2007

Considering the vast usage of time-history dynamic analyses to calculate structural responses and lack of sufficient and suitable earthquake records, generation of artificial accelerograms is very necessary. The main target of this paper is to present a novel method based on nonstationary Kanai-Tajimi model and wavelet transform to generate more artificial earthquake records, which are compatible with target spectrum. In this regard, the generalized nonstationary Kanai-Tajimi model to include the nonstationary evaluation of amplitude and dominant frequency of ground motion and properties of wavelet transform is used to generate ground acceleration time history. Application of the method for El Centro 1940 earthquake and two Iranian earthquakes (Tabas 1978 and Manjil 1990) is presented. It is shown that the model and identification algorithms are able to accurately capture the nonstationary features of these earthquake accelerograms. The statistical characteristics of the spectral response of the generated accelerograms are compared with those for the actual records to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. Also, for comparison of the presented method with other methods, the response spectra of the synthetic accelerograms compared with the models of Fan and Ahmadi (1990) and Rofooei et al. (2001) and it is shown that the response spectra of the synthetic accelerograms with the method of this paper are close to those of actual earthquakes.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.29
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• pp.79-127
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• 2011

This study was designed for a theoretical and methodological discussion on a methodological medium, orality to historicize the 'Civilian Massacre', of countless counter-memories which are inherent in Korean society. In other words, prior to collection of oral sources, it is to produce reliable oral history through a discussion on oral history research methodology and qualitative research methodology of oral history, after theorizing occurrence process of dominant-memory and counter-memory, orality's meanings as a counter-memory and the necessity for historicization of neglected memories, focusing on a 'memory' which is a fundamental background of an 'oral' act. Based on this basic process, oral recording process was performed in Changsoo-myeon, Yeongdeok-gun, Kyung-book Province where was selected as a research target for the civilian massacre that is a case to figure out what kind of high-quality record is produced, with a precise understanding of a particular methodology, oral history.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.27-41
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• 2022

The historical records of public institutions are not only important historical records for the study of modern Korean history in various academic fields such as politics, economy, society, culture, and science, but also important historical content that students and the public may be interested in. In this study, among the 350 institutions designated as public institutions as of 2021, 339 public institutions that can request information disclosure through the information disclosure portal were investigated. Based upon the results of the survey, it was found that 217 (67%) out of 326 (96.2%) public institutions compiled a total of 516 institutional histories. This study proposed improvement plans in terms of the compilation of history in public institutions and the utilization of users by analyzing the results of the investigation of the compilation status of history in public institutions by six elements: compilation time, target period, department in charge, budget and required period, accessibility, and regulations.