• 소성∙가공
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.58-66
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• 2012

The work roll surface temperature rises and falls repetitively during hot slab rolling because the work roll surface is cooled continuously by water. This study focused on Std. No. 7 to determine a cooling method which significantly reduces the tangential tensile stresses on the work roll surface of the hot slab mill at Hyundai Steel Co. in Korea. A series of finite element analyses were performed to compute the temperature distribution and the tensile stresses in the circumferential direction of the work roll. The virtual slab model was used to reduce the run time considerably by assigning a high temperature to the virtual slab. Except for the heat generated by plastic deformation, this is equivalent to the hot rolling condition that a high temperature slab (material) would experience when in contact with the work rolls. Results showed that when the virtual slab model was coupled with FE analysis, the run time was found to be reduced from 2000 hours to 70 hours. When the work roll surface cooled with a certain on-off patter of water spray, the magnitude of the tangential stresses on the work rolls were decreased by 54.1%, in comparison with those cooled by continuous water spraying. Savings of up to 83.3% in water usage are possible if the proposed water cooling method is adopted.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.547-553
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 알루미나 세라믹(Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$)재료와 순수구리를 티타늄 용자재로써 접합한 브레이징 접합물내의 냉각후 잔류응력을 유한요소법으로 사용하여 해석하였다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.147-158
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• 1996

Generally, analytical consideration on the behaviour of metallic structures during quenching process, and analysis on the thermal stress and deformation after heat treatment are very important in presumption of crack and distorsion of quenched material. In this study a set of constitute equations relevant to the analysis of thermo elasto-viscoplastic materials with strain hysteresis during quenching process way presented on the basis of contimuum thermo-dynamics mechanics. The thermal stresses were numerically calculated by finite element technique of weighted residual method and the principle of virtual work. In the calculation process, the temperature depandency of physical and mechaniclal properties of the material in consideration. On the distribution of elasto-viscoplastic thermal stresses according to radial direction, axial and tangential stress are tensile stress(50MPa, 1.5GPa and 300MPa) in surface and compressive stress(-1.2GPa, -1.14GPa and -750MPa) in the inner part on the other hand, radial stress is tensile stress(900MPa) in area of analysis. According to axial direction, tangential stress gradients are average 60MPa/mm on the whole. The reversion of stress takes place at 11.5 to 16.8mm from the center in area of analysing.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.233-243
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• 1994

Constitutive relation of thermoelasto-plastic material undergoing phase transformation during quenching process were developed on the basic of continuum thermodynamics. The metallic structure, temperature and residual stresses distributions were numerically calculated by the finite element technique. The metallic structure were defined by transformation from austenite to pearlite and characterized as a fuction of thermal history and mixture rule of phase. On the distribution of thermal stress along the radial direction, axial and tangential stresses are compressive in the surface, and tential in the inner part. Radial stress is tensile in the whole body. The reversion of residual stress takes plase at 11.5~15.5mm from the center.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2000

The applications of fracture mechanics have traditionally concentrated on cracks loaded by tensile stresses, and growing under an opening or mode I mechanism. However, many cases of failures occur from growth of cracks subjected to mixed mode loading. Several criteria have been proposed regarding the crack growth direction under mixed mode loadings. This paper is aimed at investigation of fatigue crack growth behaviour under mixed mode(I＋II) with variation of angle and pre-crack length in two dimensional branched type precrack. Especially the direction of fatigue crack propagation was predicted and effective stress intensity factor was calculated by finite element analysis(FEA. In this paper, the maximum tangential stress(MTS) criterion was used to predict crack growth direction. Not only experiment but also finite element analysis was carried out and the theoretical predictions were compared with experimental results.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.182-187
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• 2000

The application of fracture mechanics have traditionally concentrated on cracks leaded by tensile stresses, and growing under an opening or mode I mechanism. However, many cases of failures occur from growth of cracks subjected to mixed mode loading. Several criteria have been proposed regarding the crack growth direction under mixed mode loadings. This paper is aimed at prediction of fatigue crack growth behaviour under mixed mode(I+II) in two dimensional branched type precrack. In this paper, the maximum tangential stress(MTS) criterion was used to predict crack growth direction. Not only experiment but also finite element analysis(FEA) was carried out. The theoretical predictions were compared with experimental results in this paper

• Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2016

Deep drawing is a forming process in which a blank of sheet metal is radially drawn into a forming die by the mechanical action of a punch and converted to required shape. Deep drawing involves complex material flow conditions and force distributions. Radial drawing stresses and tangential compressive stresses are induced in flange region due to the material retention property. These compressive stresses result in wrinkling phenomenon in flange region. Normally blank holder is applied for restricting wrinkles. Tensile stresses in radial direction initiate thinning in the wall region of cup. The thinning results into cracking or fracture. The finite element method is widely applied worldwide to simulate the deep drawing process. For real-life simulations of deep drawing process an accurate numerical model, as well as an accurate description of material behavior and contact conditions, is necessary. The finite element method is a powerful tool to predict material thinning deformations before prototypes are made. The proposed innovative methodology combines two techniques for prediction and optimization of thinning in automotive sealing cover. Taguchi design of experiments and analysis of variance has been applied to analyze the influencing process parameters on Thinning. Mathematical relations have been developed to correlate input process parameters and Thinning. Optimization problem has been formulated for thinning and Genetic Algorithm has been applied for optimization. Experimental validation of results proves the applicability of newly proposed approach. The optimized component when manufactured is observed to be safe, no thinning or fracture is observed.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.269-288
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• 2016

The jointed rock mass behavior often plays a major role in the design of underground excavation, and their failures during excavation and in operation, are usually closely related to joints. This research attempts to evaluate the effects of two basic geometric factors influencing tunnel behavior in a jointed rock mass; joints spacing and joints orientation. A hybridized indirect boundary element code known as TFSDDM (Two-dimensional Fictitious Stress Displacement Discontinuity Method) is used to study the stress distribution around the tunnels excavated in jointed rock masses. This numerical analysis revealed that both the dip angle and spacing of joints have important influences on stress distribution on tunnel walls. For example the tensile and compressive tangential stresses at the boundary of the circular tunnel increase by reduction in the joint spacing, and by increase the dip joint angle the tensile stress in the tunnel roof decreases.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.394-405
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 복공식 지하 압축공기에너지 저장공동의 역학적 변형 및 누출 거동의 복합거동을 파악할 목적으로 비등온 다상다성분 유체유동 및 역학적 거동의 연계해석이 가능한 TOUGH-FLAC 해석을 실시하였다. 지하압축공기에너지 저장 공동의 초기 및 장기 운영 과정에서 고압 압축공기 인입 입출에 따른 콘크리트 라이닝 내부에 발생하는 응력 양상을 살펴보고 저장공동 내부 압력 및 온도 변화를 파악함으로써 기밀성능을 평가하였다. 최대 저장공동 운영압력 8 MPa 조건에서 콘크리트 라이닝 내부에서는 공기침투압에 의한 유효응력의 감소와 접선방향의 인장응력의 증가에 따라 인장균열이 발생할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 콘크리트 라이닝 내부의 인장균열 발생에 따른 투과특성 증가 모델을 이용한 해석 결과, 저장공동 천정부 및 측벽부 일부에서 인장파괴가 발생하여 이들 영역에서의 투과계수는 초기 $10{\times}10^{-20}m^2$에서 $5.0{\times}10^{-13}m^2$까지 증가하였다. 한편, 콘크리트 라이닝 내부 인장균열 발생 및 투과특성 증가에도 불구하고 저장공동 내부 압축공기 압력은 주변 암반의 기밀성능으로 인해 일정하게 유지되고 공기누출량은 일일주입량의 0.02%에도 못 미쳐 복공식 지하 압축공기에너지 저장공동의 유효성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-63
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• 1991

원판의 관행 열기건조시 잔적위치에 따른 건조속도(乾燥速度)의 차이는 심하였고, 원판의 직경이 변이가 클수록 건조속도(乾燥速度)의 변화기복도 심하였으나, 강압건조(減壓乾操)의 경우 건조속도(乾操速度)는 잔적위치와 원판 직경의 변이에 영향을 받지 않은 것이 확인되었다. 원판 내층(內層)의 접선방향 표면응력(表面應力)은 수종, 엔드래핑처리 및 직경생장부위(直徑生長部位)에 관계없이 미미한 압축응력(壓縮應力)을 나타냈고, 무처리 원판은 수(髓)로부터 6cm인 점을 임계점(臨界點)으로하여 수(髓) 부위쪽이 원주부(圓周部) 쪽보다 더 큰 압축응력(壓縮應力)을 나타내는 일계단상(一階段狀)의 분포모형을 보인 반면에, 한지 엔드래핑 원판은 균일한 분포모형을 나타냈는데, 이는 한지 엔드래핑의 경우 한지에 의한 표면수분 증발 억제효과로 심재와 변재부위간에 수분유동속도(水分流動速度)의 차이가 작았기 때문인 것으로 판단되며, 한지 엔드래핑은 내층(內層)의 압축응력(壓縮應力)을 억제하는 효과가 컸음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 수축이방법(收縮異方性)에 기인한 접선방향 응력은 원주선상에서 최대인장응력(最大引張應力)을 나타냈고, 수(髓)를 향할수록 점점 감소하여 수(髓) 근처에서 압축응력(壓縮應力)으로 전환되는 분포모형을 보였다. 건조종료시 오리나무, 호도나무 및 은행나무의 한지 엔드래핑 원판의 접선방향 최대인장응력(最大引張應力)은 무처리 원판보다 작았고, 한지 엔드래핑 원판의 V형 크랙발생 임계함수율(臨界含水率)도 무처리 원판에 비하여 더 낮게 나타났는데, 이것은 한지의 수분증발 억제효과에 따른 원판의 영구변형화(永久變形化)에 기인한 것으로 생각된다. 감압건조(減壓乾操) 응력분포시험(應力分布試驗)에서 V형 크랙은 한지(韓紙)와 알루미늄호일 엔드래핑 원판에서는 전혀 발생하지 않았고, 무처리 원판에서도 매우 경미하게 발생하였다. 또한 심재할열(心材割裂)도 오리나무와 호도나무의 한지(韓紙) 엔드래핑 원판에서는 전혀 발생하지 않았고, 기타의 원판에서도 그 발생 정도는 매우 경미하였다. 특히 한지는 물론 알루미늄호일 엔드래핑 원판의 감압건조(減壓乾燥)는 건조결함을 예방하는 데 효과적이었고, 더구나 은행나무는 110시간만에, 오리나무는272시간, 그리고 호두나무는 407시간만에 각각 이용함수율(利用含水率) 수준까지 건조가 가능하여, 건조시간이 크게 단축되었다.