• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of antagonistic bacteria and pathogenic fungi on the growth of tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) in continuous cropping soil(CCS) and non-continuous cropping soil(NCCS). Tall fescue was established by seeding into pots of 11 cm in diameter and 9 cm in depth containing 1 : 1 mixture of soil and vermiculite, and cultivated at pots with antagonistic bacteria and pathogenic fungi in a vinyl house. The bacteria used in this study were Bacillus subtilis and hsants. B. subtilis was isolated and identified kern forage rhizosphere soil and fusants were isolated through cell hsion from B. subtilis and B. thwingiensis. B. subtilis was named as B. subtilis 101 and hsants were named as F-3, F-7 and F-8. In dark culture experiment, tall fescue inoculated with the antagonistic bacteria lived longer than that of control in both CCS and NCCS. However, tall fescue of CCS lived shorter than that of NCCS. Dry weight of tall fescue inoculated with the antagonistic bacteria was higher than that of tall fescue inoculated with pathogenic hngi in both CCS and NCCS(P< 0.05), and the antagonistic bacteria showed positive effects on the growth of tall fescue. However, Dry weight of tall fescue was decreased by the inoculation of the pathogenic b g i in both CCS and NCCS(P< 0.05).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1996

'This experiment was canied out to investigate the effects of endophyte status(end0phyte-free and -infect) and cutting frequency(3, 4, 5 and 6 timeslyear) on the agronomic characteristics, DM yield and weed development of tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) at the Experimental Field of Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, Suweon, from 1993 to 1994. 'Ihe results obtained are summarized as follows: DM yield of endophyte-infected tall fescue was slightly higher than that of endophyte-free tall fescue. DM yield of two tall fescue varieties was significantly decreased with frequent culting(p<0.05). Weed development of pasture tended to be decreased with endophyte-infected tall fescue and infrequent cutting, and endophyte-infected tall fescue had a good adaptation to the poor environment. Based on the results of this experiment, it is suggested that a slight increase in forage yield could be obtained from endophyte-infected tall fescue and endophyte-infected tall fescue was more persistant than endophyte-free tall fescue under poor conditions.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.45-48
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• 2001

In an effort to optimize tissue culture responses of tall fescue, the effects of basic medium and carbon sources on seed culturability and genotypic difference of plant regenerability were investigated. The MS basal medium was superior to $N_{5}$ 6/ and $B_{medium}$ in enhancing callus growth and plant regeneration. To determine the effect of carbon sources on plant regeneration, the seeds were cultured on medium with 30 g/L sucrose and maltose, respectively. Medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose resulted in regeneration of shoots from 50% of the calli. The genotypic difference in plant regenerability was obvious among five cultivars of tall fescue tested. \\`KY31\\` and \\`Hokuryo\\` showed to have higher regenerability with the frequency of 33% and 51%, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of endophyte staWendophyte-free and -infect) and cutting frequency(3, 4, 5 and 6 timeslyear) on the forage quality of tall fescue(Festuca crnrtzdit~crcerr Schreb.) at the Experimental Field of Grassland and Forage Crops Division. National Livestock Research Institute, Suweon, from 1993 to 1994. 'Ihe results obtained are summarized as follows: CP content of tall fexue was increased with endophyte-free and cutting frequency for two varieties. Crude protein yield(CPY) of tall fescue in 1993 was increased with endophyte-free and cutting frequency for two varieties(P<0.05). In 1994, however. CPY of endophyte-free tall fescue was slightly lower than that of endophyte-infected tall fescue and the higher CPY was observed when tall fescue was harvested 6 times per year. NDF content of tall fescue was not different between endophyte-infected and -free. NDF was decreased with cutting frequency for two varieties in 1993, however. it was not influenced by the endophyte and cutting frequency in 1994. ADF content of tall fescue was not different between endophyte-infected and -free. and it was decreased with cutting frequency for two varieties. IVDMD was not influenced by endophyte, however, it was increased with cutting frequency for two varieties. Based on the results of this experiment, it is suggested that a slight increase in forage quality could be obtained from endophyte-free tall fescue and the quality was increased with frequent cutting.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.195-204
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• 1998

This study was designed to investigate the effects of antagonistic microorganism, Bacillus subtilis, on the growth of forage seedlings in repeated cultivation soils and unrepeated cultivation soils. The field experiment was wnducted in pots in a vinyl house using repeated and unrepeated cultivation soils. Forage types were 'Suwon 19' wrn(Zea mqs L.), 'Califbmia' white clover(Tr~oIium repens L.) and 'Fawn' tall fescue (Festuca arundianacea Schreb.). Samples of white clover and tall fescue were taken h m each pot at 36 days after seeding. Samples of wm were examined at 50 days after seeding. The most active antagonistic bacterium was isolated h m forage rhizosphere soil, and selected by reference to it's antagonistic ability on the growth of pathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia solmi and Fusarium oxyspomm, and it was identified as Bacillus subtilis. This strain strongly suppressed the growth of fungal pathogens among isolated rhizobacteria. The dry weight of forage shoots and roots cultivated in unrepeated cultivation soils was higher than that cultivated in repeated cultivation soils. The dry weight of forage was positively affected by the inoculation of the antagonistic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, in both repeated cultivation soils and unrepeated cultivation soils. In conclusion, the growth of forage was more affected by the inoculation of the antagonistic bacterium in unrepeated cultivation soils than that in repeated cultivation soils, and bacterization of forage with B. subtilis resulted in an inrreased yield.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.363-370
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of the mixed rates of endophyte-he and -infected seed on the endophyte fkquency, dry matter yield and forage quality of tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) at the Experimental Field of Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, Suweon, from 1993 to 1994. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Endophyte frequency was increased with mixed rates of higher endophyte-infected seed, however, it was not different between mixed rates of endophyte-free and -infected seed. DM yield of tall fescue was not different between mixed rates of endophyte-fke and -infected seed, and CP, NDF, ADF and IVDMD contents of forage quality were not influenced by mixed rates of endophyte-he and -infected seed. However, the weed contents were slightly increased with high level of endophyte-free seed. The results demonstrated that endophyk-fke tall fescue did not seem to be greatly weak under poor conditions, if the weed contents were slightly increase.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.189-194
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• 2014

A new tall fescue variety (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) named Greenmaster and Purumi were. In this study, we evaluated the seed production of new tall fescue domestic varieties were cultivated in Korea. Agronomic aspects of tall fescue domestic varieties were determined using seed production and forage nutritive value of straw at the National Institute of Animal Science from 2013 to 2014. The heading date according to the varieties displayed differences and domestic varieties showed enhanced disease resistance. The harvested seed yields of Greenmaster was 35% higher as 1,664 kg/ha and it's also yield of straw higher than that of Fawn. However, the nutritive value of both varieties was similar. The dry matter yield of Pumumi was 25% higher as 11,080 kg/ha. Accordingly, developed a new variety of domestic tall fescue with excellent environmental adaptability, aiming to make contribution to the vitalization of the Korean grassland industry.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.109-112
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• 1987

This experiment was to study the effects of soil compaction and artificial pore space on the shoot density of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Tall fescue subjected to compaction treatments with control, 10, 20 and 40 kg power roller, used for two times bi-weekly during six months. Artificial pore space treatments were control, 13.5, 37.5 and 84.5% at 0-lOcm depth, respectively. 1. Soil compaction increased soil hardness and soil bulk density.2. Compaction level of lOkg (soil hardness 2.5kg/$cm^3$) showed the highest shoot density than that of other treatments. 3. Artificial pore space was positive significant correlated (p<0.01) with shoot density. 4. When over the 37.5% of total pore space could be mainternance for high shoot density after the soil compacted.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.169-179
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• 2001

This study was conducted to determine the effect of root zone cooling on growth and quality of turfgrasses including Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.‘Nuglade’), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.‘Accent’), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.‘Pixie’), and Japanese lawngrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) in simulated athletic field during summer season in Korea. Mineral contents in clippings of turfgrasses grown at different soil mixtures and temperatures were also analyzed. Root zone cooling (approximately 4~6$^{\circ}C$ lower than that of untreated-control) resulted in good uniformity, little disease incidence and higher level of chlorophyll contents in cool-season turfgrasses. The effectiveness of root zone cooling in protecting disease incidence from high temperature stress was the most manifest in perennial ryegrass compared to others. Fresh clipping weight in treatment of root zone cooling was increased approximately 2 times in Kentucky bluegrass and perennial ryegrass, and 2.5 times in tall fescue compared to those of control. There was higher growth rate in a soil mixture composed of 80% peat moss ＋10% sand ＋10% soil (v/v/v) than in that of 80% pea moss ＋20% sand (v/v), Mineral contents of N, P, K, Ca, and Mg in clippings of three species of cool-season turfgrasses were significantly increased in treat-ment of root zone cooling but this was not found in Japanese lawngrass. Results showed that root zone cooling has a benefit in keeping good quality and growth of cool-season turfgrasses in sports field under supraoptimal ambient temperature during summer season.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2005

In an effort to optimize tissue culture conditions for genetic transformation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), an efficient plant regeneration system from seed-derived calli was established. MS medium containing 6 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.1 mg/L benzyladenine (BA) were optimal for embryogenic callus formation from mature seed and had a strong effect on successive plant regeneration. The plant regeneration frequency above 50% was observed when embryogenic calli induced in this medium were transferred to N6 medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-D and 3 mg/L BA. Among several basic media, MS and N6 medium were optimal for callus induction and plant regeneration, respectively. 'Kentucky-31' showed to have high frequencies of embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration up to 58.3 and 50%, respectively. Addition of sucrose to the regeneration medium as a carbon source increased regeneration frequency up to 55%. A short tissue culture period and high-frequency regeneration system established in this study will be useful for molecular breeding of tall fescue through genetic transformation.