• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.740-750
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• 2011

With a recent increase in dietary supplements (DS) consumption among children in Korea, this study was performed to examine the influencing factors on children's DS consumption. A nationwide survey was conducted employing 3 representative samples of children for summer & fall of 2008 and spring of 2009 by stratified multistage sampling of 120 survey sites per season based on the 2005 census population. Approximately 30 households from each survey site were screened for residing children of 0-19 years and about 1,700 households remained as eligible samples per season. Trained dietitians visited households to perform face-to-face interview to children and/or parents regarding DS consumption including health functional foods (HFF), vitamins/minerals (V/M) supplements and other food supplements during 1 month prior to interview. Out of 5,328 children responded, 18.7% reported DS consumption. Consumption rate was higher in boys (19.9% vs. 17.3% in girls, P < 0.05) and youngsters (22.8% compared to 15.0% in adolescents, P < 0.001). Children from higher income family (P < 0.001), those living in apartments (P < 0.001), those residing in metropolitan area (P < 0.001), and those of mothers with higher education (P < 0.001) were more likely to take DS. Also, mother's employment status and occupation were significantly associated with children's DS consumption. The most popular DS was HFF (72.1%), which was consumed more in children of higher income family. It is revealed that socioeconomic factors affect children's DS consumption significantly. Also it is necessary to estimate children's V/M intake from DS and foods together especially because there are tolerable upper limits set for V/M for safety purposes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.2198-2206
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• 2013

Coffee houses' key factors to succeed in the market are not only a basic element -the taste of coffees- but also brand image, satisfaction and consumer fidelity that food service industries take into account overall. The goal of this study is to find out the relations among brand image, brand attitude and fidelity. To this end, coffee was selected among other products due to its characteristic that the difference of its quality between brands is not very noticeable. Through an analysis of each coffee house's brand image in this saturated coffee market, the influence of brand image on consumers' preference was found out. In this process, not only a strategy for each coffee house's growth and development but also the relations between brand image, brand attitude and brand fidelity would be researched, resulting in a creation of more systematic strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.175-191
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating behavior and life habits of kindergarten children 5 to 7 years old in Chuncheon area. This study was conducted in December, 1996. Anthropometric indices(height, weight, skinfold thickness, mid-arm circumference) were measured and body mass index(BMI), Rohrer index, arm fat area were calculated to estimate children’s body fatness. Also the eating behavior and life habits were determined tv using questionnaire method. The results were as follows: Body fat rate of the children was almost normal according to Rohrer index and BMI. There was significant difference in birth weight between male and female. The problems of the eating behavior were frequent skipping breakfast and eating-out. The rate of the children who took snacks 2 times a day was 46.9％. Most children tended to take sweet snacks such as ice-cream, chocolates, cookies, and they tended to prefer meats and fishes to vegetables. The rate of breast feeding was 28.3％ and the rate of weaning foods prepared at home was 61.1%. Many children preferred indoor activities such as watching TV, toy furniture play, building block to outdoor activities such as roller-skating, cycling, jogging in their spare time. The rate of the children who took exercise regularly was 15％. Children tended to eat kimbap, fried chicken, ramyeon more frequently in various instant foods. The intake rates of fruit juice and barly tea were relatively high and children's favorite fruits were watermelon and mandarin orange. From this results, skipping breakfast, frequent eating-out and the monotony of food preference appears to cause imbalance in nutrient intakes of the children and to have bad influence on children’s health. Accodgingiy, the comprehensive nutrition education and proper modification program should be needed for the children and their parents to correct the eating behavior and life habits. The reasonable exercise programs are needed to motivate outdoor activities of the children, and the importance of breast feeding and weaning foods should be emphasized to lactating women and pregnant women.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.165-173
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• 2020

The emergence of unmanned agricultural machinery has brought new research content to the development of precision agriculture. In order to speed up the research on key technologies of unmanned agricultural machinery, classification of intelligence level of unmanned agricultural machinery has become a primary task. In this study, the researchers take the complex interactive system consisting of unmanned grain harvester, task and driving environment as the research object, and carry out a research on the grading and classification of intelligent level of unmanned grain harvester. The researchers of this study also establish an evaluation model of unmanned grain harvester vehicle, which consists of human intervention degree, environmental complexity, and task complexity. Besides, the grading and classification of intelligence level of the unmanned grain harvester is carried out according to the human intervention degree, environmental complexity and the task complexity of the unmanned grain harvester. It provides a direction for the future development of unmanned agricultural machinery.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 1991

To identify the eating behaviour of customers at a hotel buffet styled restaurant, a survey was conducted. The age range of the respondents was 6 through 70, but consisted mainly people in their twenties, thirties, and forties of the respondents, 65.1% were female. The occupation ranged from student 30.3%, housewife 27.2%, office worker 19.3%, professional 17.3%. 43.9% of respondents visited buffet styled restaurant 1 to 2 times every three or four months. Some respondents had a positive opinions: they had many choices in food selection, they could take and choose as much as they wanted, the appearance and the arrangement of the food was great, etc. But some also had negative attitudes(i.e. unhappy with self service and expensive prices). Of the respondents, 31.1% said they visited the buffet styled restaurant was for family parties and the average number of the party member was $9.3{\pm}4.3$. The average time period of eating was 1 hour $32{\pm}26$ minutes. The average frequency of taking food was $3.7{\pm}1.2$. The average frequency of taking food after satiety was $1.2{\pm}0.8$. The first selection of the buffet service food was soup 23.9% of the respondents and salad 23.9%. Females chose more of the soups and salads the males chose more of the meats and seafoods. The standard of food selection was 70.7% of 'my favorite'. This tells customers' low cognition level of desirable food selection and the order of a meal. 64.0% of the respondents responded overeating, from mild and extreme. We think that information on nutrition education and health problems are necessary. For better service, 82.9% wanted to lower the price by decreasing similar items. Respondent wanted; one, to increase more Korean food items and make a traditional Korean buffet styled restaurant, two, to use more seasonal food and decrease the redundant food items to reduce the price, and three, to have different price rates according to the age or gender of the grown ups.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.71-94
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• 1987

Aiming to investigate nutrient intake and food habits influenced by smoking for female college students in Seoul, the questionnaire survey for 763 students was carried out. The results of the survey was summarized as follows: 1. 9.7% of students were found as the current smokers and 18.9% of students had experienced of smoking, however stopped smoking at present(experienced smokers) respectively. 2. In the current smokers, they started smoking with friends at the first (58.9%), alone (27.4%), and with seniors (11.0%) respectively. The psychological frustration (52.2%), curiosity (28.4%) respectively motivated smoking behavior at the beginning. The most had smoking usually at the entertaining place such as restaurant. Only 6.4% of current smokers consumed more than 10 cigarettes daily, and 55% of current smokers inhaled deeply into the lung while they smoked. Even 26% of current smokers explained their intention of not smoking after marriage, and also about 95% of current smokers explained to stop smoking in the case of pregnancy. 3. It was found as the fact that the school age, economic status, and parental smoking affected their prevalence of cigarette smoking. The higher their schoolage, the higher smoking showed; the more their money spent and the lower father smoking showed ; the more their money spent and the lower father's educational level, the higher smoking showed; the more drink, the higher smoking showed. 4. The value evaluation of cigarette smoking also affected the prevalence of cigarette smoking. Of the students recognized advantageous parts of smoking, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was higher. 5. Logistic regression analysis was to determine the most effective factor which determined prevalence of cigarette smoking. The most effective factor was value evaluation of cigarette smoking. The order of effective factors was health value of cigarette smoking, their drinking capacity and the value evaluation of change in body weight due to smoking and smoking's advantages. 6. Cigarette smoking showed signs of affecting to food habits. In the case of smoking, the missing rate of taking regular meals was higher, and the frequency rate of taking regular meals was lower. Also, smokers took meals less regularly. Even the smokers took less candy than non-smokers, however, smokers liked to take more coffee, alcohol, and hot tasting food than non-smokers. 7. Smoking seemed to affect the nutritional status. It was found that smokers took many kinds of nutrients insufficiently, therefore their calory intake by age was not reached to RDA.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.131-142
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of viewing online audiovisual dietary-related broadcast, or Cookbang, by university students. The association between the viewing degree of Cookbang and students' dietary habits was also evaluated. Based on the degree of Cookbang viewing, we divided the participants into a frequently-watched group, a moderately-watched group, and a not-watched group. The frequently watched group showed significantly higher 'watch them for more than 4 days a week (p<.001)', and 'watch them for more than 1 hour a day (p<.01)'. The frequently watched group were significantly higher in 'got better influence on dietary life (p<.05)', 'eat alone (p<.05)', and 'cook on their own (p<.01)'. Concerning dietary habit, the group that frequently watched Cookbang had a significantly higher frequency of the following answers: 'Take vegetables other than kimchi every meal (p<.01)', 'Have fruits every day (p<.001)', 'Do not eat the processed food often (p<.05)', 'Do not eat animal fat often (p<.05)', 'Do not eat out often (p<.05)', 'Do not drink the alcohol too much (p<.05)', and 'General food habit(p<.05)'. In summary, university students who frequently-watched Cookbang showed a higher level of desirable dietary habits. Therefore, the results of this study can serve as basic data for research and education related to the dietary habits of university students.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.21-34
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice toward sanitary administration of the new restaurateurs, to carry out the sanitary management of business for improvement of sanitary level, and to provide basic data which were necessary for sanitary education of the restaurateurs. Methods: The self-recording survey on the attitude and the knowledge toward the sanitation, the sanitary administration, and its education was conducted against new 393 restaurateurs by the administrative division of Gwangju city in charge of the food industry which put in the regular sanitary education annually for the new restaurateurs. Results: In regard to food sanitation, some 87.9% to 94.4% got the right knowledge about the reason and precaution of food poisoning, storage methods of frozen or cold food, and the disposal of product after expiration of validity term. But it was about 56.0% to 63.0% who knew right about the cause and the major precaution of food poisoning, storage temperature in the refrigerator. 30.6% of the subject placed an emphasis on personal sanitation of the workers as the most important thing in the sanitary management. 83.6% replied that it was necessary to improve the sanitary level. Concerning the health examination, 78.3% replied it was needed. 76.4% pointed the need for education, but respondents with higher educational level less emphasized its needs. It was most frequently pointed out by 71.6% restaurateur's poor awareness about it. 36.7% indicated the environmental sanitation like facilities in the restaurants as the first thing to be improved. The rate of personal sanitation was 43.7%. Conclusions: To improve the poor sanitary conditions of the food service business, it was recommended to offer institutional backing and financial aid from administrative office, to encourage restaurateurs to take pride in their job, and to conduct the sanitary education effectively by the technical education institution.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the different preferences between herbal medicine and health functional food, and analyze the reasons for the preferences to figure out the better way of promoting herbal medicine. Methods: 500 questionnaires has been handed out to the parents having elementary school students in Gyeonggi-do province, and 331 questionnaires has been collected and evaluated for this study. Results: Among the 331 responses, 58.4% were female, and 41.6% were male. The percentages of the subjects who consume health supplements and that of herbal medicines were 67.4% and 59.2% respectively. The preference rate for the health supplements was 57.6%, and for herbal medicines was 42.4%. The major reason of taking the health supplements was that they were convenient to consume(54%). The major reason for choosing herbal medicines was that people 'expect them to be more effective'(72.7%). However, the problem with Herbal medicine was their consumptions were inconvenient (39.8%), and their tastes was unfavorable. The most preferable form of herbal medication was pills(50.6%), followed by syrup(22.9%). Pertinent price for herbal medication, the participants were favorable to pay 30,000 within a week. For the question on when to start taking the herbal medication, 18 months after was the popular answers from the participants. Conclusions: Among the 331 subjects, the percentage of consuming the health supplements (67.4%) was higher than that of consuming the Herbal Medicine (59.2%). Also the preference was higher than the Herbal Medicine. The reason why the participant preferred health supplements was that they were 'easy to take', The reason for subjects' great preference in herbal medicine was based on their conception that herbal medicines were highly effective. When taking herbal medicine, participants addressed inconvenience in consuming, and unfavorable taste as the biggest problems. Also they thought that pills would be most convenient form of herbal medicine to consume. For the proper price, they were willing to pay less than 30000won, lower than a market price, per a week for the herbal medicine. Most parents thought that proper age of taking herbal medicine is ' 18 month after the birth'. Taking these into account, different perspectives on herbal medicine is necessary at the very moment.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.889-900
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• 2003

This study was carried out to obtain information regarding eating habits, including health related behavior and health food consumption patterns. The subjects of this study were 149 men and 152 women residing in the Ulsan area. We obtained results by means of a questionnaire and an interview, and these were analyzed using the SPSS package program. The results of this study are summarized as follows The average age of the men was 47.6 $\pm$ 7.3 years and of the women was 47.3 $\pm$ 7.6 years old. The average height and weight of the men were 169.4 $\pm$ 5.5 cm and 67.7 $\pm$ 8.2 kg, respectively. Those of the women were 157.6 $\pm$ 5.0 cm and 58.2 $\pm$ 7.5 kg, respectively. The BMI values of all the subjects ranged from 20.0 to 25.0, all within the normal levels. In the case of dietary patterns, 24.3% of the total population always skipped a meal. In particular, 15.9% of the total population skipped breakfast. No time to eat, no appetite, having no taste, and having poor health were themain reasons for skipping meals. With regard to health care, there was a significant difference between the men and the women with respect to smoking and drinking (p<0.001). Of the total population, 40.5% hardly exercised (less than once a week), 26.2% exercised occasionally, 13.6% frequently exercised, and 19.6% exercised almost every day. A total of 60.7% responded that they were not interested in their health. The mean eating habit score of the subjects was 65.6 $\pm$ 9.9. The women had a higher eating habit score than the men (64.0 $\pm$ 9.6 for the men and 67.2 $\pm$ 9.9 for the women). Except for one group above 60 years, the older group had a higher eating habit score than the younger one. The group having a higher income and a more specialized career had a higher eating habit score than the one having a lower income and a less specialized career. There was also a marital difference. The group of single subjects showed a lower eating habit score than the married group. The group having a higher eating habit score drank, smoked and went out for meals less, and exercised more than the group having lower scores. They also were more concerned about their health. In the older group, there were more diabetic and hypertensive individuals. The subjects who had a higher BMI index were more likely to be patients with hypertension, especially in the men's group. Those who had a higher BMI index and hypertension simultaneously took a variety of medicines and foods for promoting health. Those who worried a lot about their health and had health problems tended to take special foods for their health. Patients usually took tonics. Special foods for health included Chinese medicines, tonic foods, vitamin or mineral supplements and manufactured health food supplements. Preferences for them depended on the sex and age of the subject. In the case of tonic foods, the men liked them more than the women. Foods other than tonic foods were favorites with the women. This study may provide basic information on the eating habits and health related behaviors of middle-aged people. However, further studies are needed to improve the eating habits and to change the nutritional attitudes, so that people can make better choices of health foods.