• 정보처리학회논문지D
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• 제11D권5호
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• pp.1105-1122
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• 2004

소프트웨어 품질 개선과 관련된 조직 및 기업들의 노력들은 소프트웨어 생산성과 품질을 어느 정도 향상시켰지만 근본적인 해결 방안이 되지 못하여왔다 이와 같은 결과는 인력과 기술보다는 프로세스의 제도화의 부족에서 기인한다(1). 최근에는 프로세스 또는 작업 산출물이 명시된 요구사항과 계획, 표준을 따르게 하여 프로세스와 산출물을 가시적으로 관리하는 프로세스 품질보증을 통한 품질의 향상을 시도하는 움직임이 활성화되고 있으며, 이와 관련된 표준들과 모델들이 제시되고 있다. 하지만 관련 표준들과 모델들에서 제시된 내용은 추상적이며, 이를 적용하는데 필요한 세부적인 절차나 방법, 관련 산출물 등에 대해 기술하고 있지 않다. 따라서 표준 및 모델에서 제시하는 내용을 도입하고자 하는 조직들은 관련 표준의 전체 구조 및 내용을 숙지하고 받아들이기 위한 긴 노력과 많은 공수를 들여야만 품질에 대한 해당 조직의 목적 및 목표를 충족시킬 수 있는 소프트웨어 품질보증 활동 프로세스를 확립할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 조직들이 보다 편리한 방법으로 체계적이고 견고한 품질 보증 활동 프로세스를 구축할 수 있도록 지원하기 위한 패키지를 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발 된 패키지는 CMM/CMMI, ISO15504, ISO12207등의 관련 표준에서 기술하고 있는 품질보증 활동과 소프트웨어 프로세스 전 주기에 대한 내용의 분석, 기존연구의 분석 및 구조화, Best Practice 평가 및 분석의 과정을 통해 소프트웨어 품질보증 활동을 체계적이고 구조적으로 지원할 수 있는 소프트웨어 품질보증 지원 패키지이다. 개발된 패키지를 활용하면, 조직들은 조직의 여건 및 특성, 그리고 프로젝트의 성격에 맞도록 필요한 조정만을 통하여 품질보증 프로세스를 확립할 수 있다. 개발 된 패키지의 효율적인 활용이 내조직의 소프트웨어 품질보증 구축에 투입되는 공수 및 어려움을 줄일 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2013

Purpose: Clinical stage of gastric cancer is currently assessed by computed tomography. Accurate clinical staging is important for the tailoring of therapy. This study evaluated the accuracy of clinical N staging using stomach protocol computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Between March 2004 and November 2012, 171 patients with gastric cancer underwent preoperative stomach protocol computed tomography (Jeju National University Hospital; Jeju, Korea). Their demographic and clinical characteristics were reviewed retrospectively. Two radiologists evaluated cN staging using axial and coronal computed tomography images, and cN stage was matched with pathologic results. The diagnostic accuracy of stomach protocol computed tomography for clinical N staging and clinical characteristics associated with diagnostic accuracy were evaluated. Results: The overall accuracy of stomach protocol computed tomography for cN staging was 63.2%. Computed tomography images of slice thickness 3.0 mm had a sensitivity of 60.0%; a specificity of 89.6%; an accuracy of 78.4%; and a positive predictive value of 78.0% in detecting lymph node metastases. Underestimation of cN stage was associated with larger tumor size (P<0.001), undifferentiated type (P=0.003), diffuse type (P=0.020), more advanced pathologic stage (P<0.001), and larger numbers of harvested and metastatic lymph nodes (P<0.001 each). Tumor differentiation was an independent factor affecting underestimation by computed tomography (P=0.045). Conclusions: Computed tomography with a size criterion of 8 mm is highly specific but relatively insensitive in detecting nodal metastases. Physicians should keep in mind that computed tomography may not be an appropriate tool to detect nodal metastases for choosing appropriate treatment.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.177-180
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• 2004

Objectives: To completely excise a malignant tumor which invades carotid artery walls, the resection and reconstruction of the carotid artery is essentially required. In most of the cases, interposition graft using a saphenous vein has been performed, however the vessel caliber discrepancy between a common carotid artery and the saphenous vein can result in a problem on surgical technique. We have introduced and evaluated a new titanium hemoclip tailing method to overcome vessel caliber discrepancy in interposition saphenous vein graft for carotid artery resection in the treatment of head and neck cancers. Method: After carotid artery resection, the calibers of the proximal common carotid artery and the vein were compared, and an orifice of the common carotid artery was gradually reduced to a little larger than or the same size as the orifice of the vein by using the titanium hemostatic clip. Subsequently, the common carotid artery was connected to the vein through anastomosis. The same method was also applied to the distal anastomosis site. There after, the vessels were connected through the anastomosis, and a circulation was restored by releasing a vascular clamp. Then, a titanium hemostatic clip-applied redundant portion on the outside of carotid artery was sutured by the blanket edge suture method, using 6-0 Prolene. Results: We have experienced this method in two patients with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma and neuroblostoma, respectively. The interposition saphenous vein graft of these patients was found to maintain good patency on the follow up angiography after one year, and they had no specific vascular complication, such as atherosclerosis. Conclusion: This method made it possible to simply perform the interposition saphenous vein graft (ISVG) within a short time and, therefore, was very useful for shortening the duration to block circulation.

• 복식
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.78-92
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• 2008

The mutual relationship between fashion and architecture and the similarities in their form and structure have been continuously debated over the decades, considering that both spheres are objects used in human life. Both spheres bring about the creation of three-dimensional space structures that are completed by the human body and material, based on a design targeted for people. The similarities between fashion and architecture in terms of form and structure have been debated by western architecture scholars focusing on the support that holds the garment's shape, the tailoring of a men's suit and also the material. The debate originates from the discussion of F. Th. Vischer, Kritische Gnge, and Gottfried Semper during the nineteenth century on the similarities between crinoline and the form of architecture and also the similarities between sewing and architecture. However, architects always regarded fashion as the inferior creative process that follows architecture in viewing the relationship between fashion and architecture. During the mid to end of the twentieth century, contrary to previous decades, the sense of fashion in architecture stood out, as an issue and a different approach was taken in discussing architecture that incorporates fashion. Accordingly, in the mid 1990's, architecture scholars such as Deborah Fausch and Mark Wigley began to conduct close observation of the mutual relationship between fashion and architecture from a more equal point of view. Notwithstanding, their point of view was still biased towards architectural standards. Commencing the Millennium, fashion has become the primary work of creation which leads style in all spheres, and under these circumstances this point of view has transferred from architecture to fashion when thinking about relationships between these spheres. The discussion on fashion and architecture form fashion's point of view is currently concentrated on the post 1990's phenomenon and illustrates the environment that is related to architecture. In general, the discussion is limited to determining a work of an individual designer as 'being architectural' when explaining the sculptural form of fashion. Therefore, this research aims to renew the discussion on twentieth century fashion design, which was neglected in any studies on observing architecture and fashion. The aim of this research is to classify the architectural paradigm of twentieth century fashion design and to observe the architectural forms of the respective eras. It is necessary to have a close observation of the architectural paradigm in twentieth century fashion design where support tools such as the crinoline was avoided and the form and functionality of the garment itself was emphasized. I will conduct this research by considering the architectural form shown in fashion as a practical three-dimensional creation that exists in space.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.286-299
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• 2017

국내 공연예술은 공급과잉과 유통영역의 부재, 뚜렷하지 않은 비즈니스 모델 등으로 인한 침체기를 맞고 있다. 이러한 어려움을 타개하기 위해서는 무엇보다 객관적으로 제공되는 시장데이터를 활용해 마케팅의 효율성과 정확도를 높임으로써 관객개발과 충성도 확보가 필요한 시점이다. 본 연구는 이를 해결하기 위한 대안 중 하나가 보다 보편적이고 정확한 통계와 공연별 맞춤형 서비스 제공이 가능한 '빅데이터' 분석이라는 관점에서 시작되었다. 먼저 빅데이터의 특징과 분석기술, 그리고 공연예술 소비자 분석에 대한 이론적 배경과 함께 한 신용카드사가 실시한 빅데이터 분석사례를 살펴보았다. 이를 통해 빅데이터에 의한 공연예술 소비자 연구의 의미와 한계, 그리고 그러한 한계들을 극복하기 위한 대안을 제시하고자 하였다. 사례분석 결과, 공연 구매자 대상의 카드사 데이터 자체의 불완전성, 기존 이론 검증의 한계, 낮은 활용도, 소비자 성향 및 구매 동인 분석의 한계 등이 도출되었다. 또한 이러한 문제점을 극복하기 위한 대안으로 장르와 공연명 파악이 가능하고 성향이나 구매요인 등을 추출해낼 수 있는 예매처 정보, 설문조사와의 결합과 소셜 데이터와의 매쉬업을 통해 구매동기 등의 정성적 분석을 그 대안으로 제시하였다. 이 연구는 궁극적으로는 공연예술 소비자에 대한 연구가 빅데이터 시대에 어떠한 방향으로 이루어져야하며, 어떤 변화를 모색해야 할 것인가에 대한 고민의 시작점이라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 공연예술 관객개발을 위한 보다 구체화된 정성적 분석 사례들이 많이 출현하기를 기대하며, 지금의 공연예술시장의 흐름을 정확하게 대변해 주는 빅데이터 분석과 가공을 위한 솔루션들이 계속 개발되기를 바란다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.146-147
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• 2011

Processing a large area substrate for liquid crystal display (LCD) or solar panel applications in a capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) reactor is becoming increasingly challenging because of the size of the substrate size is no longer negligible compared to the wavelength of the applied radio frequency (RF) power. The situation is even worse when the driving frequency is increased to the Very High Frequency (VHF) range. When the substrate size is still smaller than 1/8 of the wavelength, one can obtain reasonably uniform process results by utilizing with methods such as tailoring the precursor gas distribution by adjustingthrough shower head hole distribution or hole size modification, locally adjusting the distance between the substrate and the electrode, and shaping shower head holes to modulate the hollow cathode effect modifying theand plasma density distribution by shaping shower head holes to adjust the follow cathode effect. At higher frequencies, such as 40 MHz for Gen 8.5 (2.2 m${\times}$2.6 m substrate), these methods are not effective, because the substrate is large enough that first node of the standing wave appears within the substrate. In such a case, the plasma discharge cannot be sustained at the node and results in an extremely non-uniform process. At Applied Materials, we have studied several methods of modifying the standing wave pattern to adjusting improve process non-uniformity for a Gen 8.5 size CCP reactor operating in the VHF range. First, we used magnetic materials (ferrite) to modify wave propagation. We placed ferrite blocks along two opposing edges of the powered electrode. This changes the boundary condition for electro-magnetic waves, and as a result, the standing wave pattern is significantly stretched towards the ferrite lined edges. In conjunction with a phase modulation technique, we have seen improvement in process uniformity. Another method involves feeding 40 MHz from four feed points near the four corners of the electrode. The phase between each feed points are dynamically adjusted to modify the resulting interference pattern, which in turn modulate the plasma distribution in time and affect the process uniformity. We achieved process uniformity of <20% with this method. A third method involves using two frequencies. In this case 40 MHz is used in a supplementary manner to improve the performance of 13 MHz process. Even at 13 MHz, the RF electric field falls off around the corners and edges on a Gen 8.5 substrate. Although, the conventional methods mentioned above improve the uniformity, they have limitations, and they cannot compensate especially as the applied power is increased, which causes the wavelength becomes shorter. 40 MHz is used to overcome such limitations. 13 MHz is applied at the center, and 40 MHz at the four corners. By modulating the interference between the signals from the four feed points, we found that 40 MHz power is preferentially channeled towards the edges and corners. We will discuss an innovative method of controlling 40 MHz to achieve this effect.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.242-253
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• 2017

We selected 81 universities (39.1%) for research and close analysis to analyze the current availability of courses in the field of clothing construction at four-year domestic universities. The results of the analysis shows that curriculum is currently composed of theoretical and practical courses that continue to be developed in diverse areas of study. Despite having classes with underlying similarities and differences, research shows that the course curriculum is constructed systematically with both theory and practice at each stage. Distribution of curriculum in the field of clothing construction were organized and analyzed by similar courses in 4 larger groupings and 9 sub-groups. Analysis of the large groupings showed that sewing courses (19.8%), pattern development courses (41.0%), advanced sewing courses (14.1%), and miscellaneous courses (26.1%) were established. Analysis of the sub-groups showed that basic theory and sewing courses (3.6%), sewing courses (16.1%), flat pattern courses (17.9%), draping pattern courses (14.6%), pattern CAD courses (7.3%), tailoring and advanced sewing courses (8.5%), scientific sewing and apparel production processing courses (1.4%), special sewing courses (3.9%), and miscellaneous and new subject courses (26.1%) were established. Overall analysis of the organization distribution was conducted in the order of pattern development (39.9%), miscellaneous & new subject (26.1%), basic theory and sewing (19.8%), and advanced sewing (14.0%). Field analysis from various angles indicates that pattern development, new subject courses, and miscellaneous courses had a relatively higher proportion than other major courses. From this it can be inferred that this trend is an effort to develop individuals to adapt to a rapidly changing fashion industry and environment. The composition of courses also shows great advancement towards diversification and course development. However, there is still insufficient exchange between industrial and education sites. As active exchange continue to be demanded, classification standards for new subject courses and titles of such studies have become unclear and have reached limitations.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 변단면 기능경사재료 보에서 중립면 탄성계수가 축방향을 따라 공간적 불확실성을 가질 경우에 대한 구조 응답변화도 산정을 위한 정식화에 대해 논한다. 기능경사재료는 두 이질재료의 체적비가 두께방향으로 연속적으로 변하며 고체화되는 과정으로 제작되는 재료로서 온도 및 응력 등에서 연속적인 변화를 가능하게 하여, 전통 복합재료에서 나타나는 층분리나 균열 발생 등이 제거되는 장점을 가지고 있다. 그러나 이론적으로 설정된 기능경사에 맞는 재료의 제작이 어려우며, 이에 따라 내재적인 불확실성을 가지고 있다. 이를 모사하기 위하여 중립면 탄성계수에서의 불확실성을 추계장으로 모델링하고, 추계적분에 의한 확률변수를 도입하여, 변위의 1, 2차모멘트를 산정할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다. 제안된 해석 방법은 스펙트럼모사법을 적용한 몬테카를로 해석으로 검증하였다. 추계장의 상관관계거리에 따른 분산계수의 변화, 재료지수 및 기하인수가 변위의 분산계수에 미치는 영향 등을 고찰하였고, 몬테카를로 해석 대비 제안 해석법의 효율성에 대해서도 논하였다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.342-347
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• 2016

We investigated the effect of $Bi_{1/2}(Na_{0.82}K_{0.18})_{1/2}TiO_3$ (BNKT) modification on the ferroelectric and electric-field-induced strain (EFIS) properties of lead-free $0.97Bi_{1/2}(Na_{0.82}K_{0.18})_{1/2}TiO_3-0.03LaFeO_3$ (BNKTLF) ceramics as a function of BNKT content (x= 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, and 1). BNKT-modified BNKTLF powders were synthesized using a conventional solid-state reaction method. As the BNKT content x increased from 0 to 1 the normalized electric-field-induced strain ($S_{max}/E_{max}$) was observed to increase at relatively low fields, i.e., below the poling field. Moreover, BNKTLF-30BNKT showed about 460 pm/V as low as at 3 kV/mm, which is a considerably high value among the lead-free systems reported so far. Consequently, it was confirmed that ceramic-ceramic composite, a mixture of an ergodic relaxor matrix and embedded ferroelectric seeds, is a salient way to make lead-free piezoelectrics practical with enhanced EFIS at low field as well as less hysterical.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.609-619
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• 2017

제조성숙도평가(Manufacturing Readiness Assessment, MRA)는 제조 준비상태를 평가하는 방법으로 체계, 부체계의 개발 및 양산에서 발생할 수 있는 일정지연, 비용 상승, 품질 저하 등을 방지하지 위해서 2012년에 제도화되었다. 제조성숙도 평가는 군수품의 양산단계의 제조상 위험성을 사전에 식별하여 관리한 결과, 군수품의 품질수준이 개선되는 등 긍정적인 효과가 있었으나 실제 수행 시 피평가자가 평가항목에 대해 맞춤형으로 준비를 하면서 평가점수가 점차적으로 높아지는 등 준비상태 점검이라는 본래의 목적과는 달리 점수만 상승하는 평가점수 인플레 현상이 심화되는 문제점이 식별되었다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 극복하고 과거 업체의 MRA 평가항목 이력을 반영하기 위해 HOM8, 평가항목 난이도를 반영하기 위한 DOM8, 평가항목의 중요도 및 사업별 특성을 고려한 ICOM8과 M8RA를 각각 정의하여 네가지 지표 가중치를 적용한 MWV(Manufacturing Readiness Level 8 Weighted Value)을 정의한 정량적인 MRA 평가모델을 제안한다. 제안된 모델을 통해 기존에 실시된 4개 사업에 대한 평가항목 간 MWV를 계산하였으며, 이를 통해 제안된 MRL 8 평가 방법론의 개선결과를 분석하였다.