• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2015

Objectives : The effect of mixture extracted from Bupleuri Radix and Physalidis Herba(BR+RH) on the LPS-induced Depression in rats was investigated. Methods : Rats were administered intragastrically BR+PH after injectio of LPS to induce deprssion. Immobility was examined using Tail Suspension Test(TST), Forced Swimming Test(FST). The level of plasma corticosterone was measured by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA) method. The expressions of c-Fos, Corticotropin Releasing Factor(CRF), NADPH-d in the Paraventricular nucleus(PVN) and TH in the Locus coeruleus(LC) were measured by immunohistochemical method. Results : In the effect of BR + PH on TST, immobility was significantly decreased comparing with the LPS group. In FST, immobility was shown decrease tendency in the BR+PH group. The expression of c-Fos in the PVN was significantly decreased at BR + PH400 group, comparing with the LPS group. The expression of CRF in PVN was shown dto have the decrease tendency in the BR+PH group, comparing with the LPS group. The expression of NADPH-d in PVN was not significantly decreased at BR+PH groups, comparing with the LPS group. The expression of TH in the LC was shown to have the decrease tendency at BR + RH groups, but not significantly, comparing with the LPS group. Conclusions : Anti-depressant effect of mixture after extracted from Bupleuri Radix and Physalidis Herba was through the anti-inflammatory effect via inhibition of HPA axis. NO and catecholamine system is not involved.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2014

Objectives : Investigation of the antidepressant effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix (GR) through the anti-inflammatory effect. Methods : Depression in rats was induced by LPS (i,p.3days). The rats were treated with GR100 mg/kg (GR 100) or GR400 mg/kg (GR 400). The depressive immobility was examined with Tail Suspension Test(TST) and Forced Swimming Test(FST). The expression of nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$(NF-${\kappa}B)$, $I{\kappa}B$ was measured with western blotting. The concentration of corticosterone, cytokine in plasma was measured with ELISA. The expression of c-Fos in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN) and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) in the locus coeluleus(LC) were measured with immunostaining method. Results : In the TST, GR400 group significantly decreased immobility time compared with the LPS group. In the FST, GR100, GR400 group significantly decreased immobility time comparing with the LPS group. c-Fos expression in GR100 and GR400 group was decreased comparing with the lipoplysaccharide(LPS) group. The $I{\kappa}B$ expression of GR100 and GR400 group was increased comparing with the LPS group. The level of corticosterone of GR100 group was decreased comparing with the LPS group. The concentration of cytokine of GR100 and GR400 group was decreased comparing with the LPS group. TH expression in the LC was increased in LPS group, but in GR100 and GR400 group was not shown significant decrease. Conclusion : According to this results obtained, GR has antidepressant effects by the anti inflammatory action through the suppression of HPA axis activity, not through the action against the catecholaminergic system.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.441-446
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• 2013

In the present study, the anti-depressant like effect of methyl gallate (MG) isolated from the stem bark of Acer barbinerve was examined in ICR mice. Body weight (BDW) and blood glucose (BDG) levels significantly decreased in the repeated restraint stress (RRS) group (2 h/day for 14 days) compared to the no stress (NS) group. To examine the effect of MG on RS-induced BDW loss and hypoglycemia, MG (10 mg/kg) and the anti-depressant fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) were administered daily for 14 days. Orally administered MG and fluoxetine significantly attenuated the RS-induced BDW loss and hypoglycemia. Interestingly, MG administered mice showed increased BDG levels in the normal and glucose feeding condition. Chronic RS-subjected mice showed immobilized and depressed behaviors. The effect of MG on the depressed behaviors was evaluated using the tail-suspension test (TST) and the forced swimming test (FST). In both tests, RS-induced immobilized behaviors were significantly reversed in MG and fluoxetine administered groups. Taken together, MG significantly attenuated the RS-induced BDW loss, hypoglycemia, and depressed behaviors. Considering that decreased BDG levels (hypoglycemia) can cause depression, MG may exert its anti-depressant like effect by preventing hypoglycemia. Our results suggest that MG isolated from A. barbinerve can exert anti-depressant like effect, and could be used as a new and natural anti-depressant therapy.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.129-146
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to characterize the putative antidepressant and antianxiolytic effects of the 70% ethanol extract of Polygala japonica(EEPJ) using animal's behavioral experiment in mice. Methods : The effect of EEPJ on the anxioty and depressive disorder was investigated via mice's behavioral experiment like Elevated plus-maze, Horizontal wire test, Open field test, Forced swimming test, Tail suspension test, and it was happen via any mechanism by WAY 100635, a 5-HT1A receptor antagonist and by Flumazenil, a GABAA antagonist Results : 1. In the EPM, single treatments of the EEPJ(200 and 400mg/kg) had usefully antianxiolytic effects versus vehicle, which was medicated via the serotonergic nervous system. 2. In the HWT, single treatments of the EEPJ were no changes in the myorelaxant effects versus vehicle. 3. In the OFT, single treatments of the EEPJ were no changes in the locomotor activity versus vehicle. 4. In the FST, single treatments of the EEPJ(50mg/kg) significantly reduced the immobility time versus vehicle. 5. In the TST, single treatments of the EEPJ(50mg/kg) significantly reduced the immobility time versus vehicle. Conclusions : These results indicate that EEPJ is an effective antidepressant and antianxiolytic activity in mice, and it might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of depressive disorder through evolutive study like development of various experimental models.

• 감성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.243-252
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• 2007

효모 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)는 인체에 무해한 Generally Recognized As Safe(GRAS)급으로 인정되며, 최근 효모 추출물이 정신적 긴장, 과민, 두통 같은 월경 전 증후군을 완화시키는 효과가 있음이 보고되어 있어, 효모추출물(Saccharomyces cerevisiae extract: SCE)과 그 분획(SCE-40)이 우울증과 불안증에서도 효과가 있는지 확인하고자 다음 실험을 실시하였다. 행동학적 검정으로 SCE의 항우울 효과를 확인하기 위해 SCE를 0, 1, 10, 100mg/kg의 농도로 웅성 ICR 생쥐에게 2주간 경구 투여한 후 강제수영검사(forced swimming test; FST)에서의 부동시간과, 또 다른 항우울 효과 검정 실험인 미현수검사(Tail Suspension Test: TST)에서의 부동시간을 측정하였다. 또한, SCE의 항불안 효과 검정을 위해서 SCE를 0, 1, 10, 100mg/kg의 농도로 웅성 ICR 생쥐에게 1회(1시간 전), 혹은 2주간 경구 투여한 후 고위십자미로검사(Elevated-plus-maze test : EPM)에서의 open arms에 머문 시간을 측정하였다 시험관내 실험으로는 웅성 백서의 대뇌피질에서의 SCE 및 SCE-40의 serotonin transporter (SERT), norepinephrine transporter(NET), 그리고 GABA의 ligand의 결합 억제능 측정과, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT), norepinephrine uptake 측정이 수행되었다. 행동적 실험 결과, FST에서 1회나 2주간 SCE 10mg/kg과 100mg/kg을 투여 받은 생쥐에서 생리 식염수만 투여 받은 생쥐보다 부동시간이 유의하게 감소됨을 보여 SCE에 의해 항우울 효과가 유발됨을 보였고, TST 실험에서도 유사한 결과가 나타났다. 또한, 항불안을 측정하는 EPM 실험에서도 1회나 2주간 SCE 10mg/kg과 100mg/kg을 투여 받은 생쥐에서 생리 식염수만 투여 받은 생쥐보다 open arms에서 머무는 시간이 유의하게 증가되어 SCE가 단기 또는 장기간의 항불안에 효과가 있음을 나타냈다. 시험관내 실험 결과에서는, SCE와 SCE-40이 SERT, NET, 그리고 GABA ligand의 결합 억제능이 있음이 확인되었고, SCE와 SCE-40은 serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine: 5-HT)과, norepinephrine의 uptake를 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러므로 본 연구는 효모 추출물(SCE)과 그 분획(SCE-40)이 행동적, 신경학적으로 항우울, 항불안에 효과가 있음을 확인하였으며, 효모 추출물(SCE)과 그 분획(SCE-40)이 안전한 천연식품으로서 우울증, 불안증 등의 관련 질환의 예방, 치료용 의약품 개발과 기능성 식품에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.666-674
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• 2022

Background: Ginsenosides and their metabolites have antidepressant-like effects, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We previously identified 14-3-3 ζ as one of the target proteins of 20 (S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), a fully deglycosylated ginsenoside metabolite. Methods: Corticosterone (CORT) was administered repeatedly to induce the depression model, and PPD was given concurrently. The tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swimming test (FST) were used for behavioral evaluation. All mice were sacrificed. Golgi-cox staining, GSK 3β activity assay, and Western blot analysis were performed. In vitro, the kinetic binding analysis with the Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) was used to determine the molecular interactions. Results: TST and FST both revealed that PPD reversed CORT-induced behavioral deficits. PPD also ameliorated the CORT-induced expression alterations of hippocampal Ser9 phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3β (p-Ser9 GSK 3β), Ser133 phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (p-Ser133 CREB), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Moreover, PPD attenuated the CORT-induced increase in GSK 3β activity and decrease in dendritic spine density in the hippocampus. In vitro, 14-3-3 ζ protein specifically bound to p-Ser9 GSK 3β polypeptide. PPD promoted the binding and subsequently decreased GSK 3β activity. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated the antidepressant-like effects of PPD on the CORT-induced mouse depression model and indicated a possible target-based mechanism. The combination of PPD with the 14-3-3 ζ protein may promote the binding of 14-3-3 ζ to p-GSK 3β (Ser9) and enhance the inhibition of Ser9 phosphorylation on GSK 3β kinase activity, thereby activating the plasticity-related CREBeBDNF signaling pathway.