• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.598-604
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of simulated acid rain (SAR) on germination, growth, acid buffering capacity and nutrient leaching in Impatiens balsamina L. and Tagetes patula L.. In both species, germination was not inhibited at pH 4.0, but the germination rate decreased at the lower pH of 3.0, showing higher rate in Inpatiens balsamina L. than Tagetes patula L.. As the pH decreases, the growth of radicle was markedly decreased than that of hypocotyl in both species. The plant height, root length, leaf area, total dry weight, relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were inhibited by SAR. The acid buffering capacity in the leaves were increased at pH 4.0, on the other hand, it was shown a tendency to decrease at pH 2.0 in both species. As the pH levels decreased from 5.6 to 2.0, the nutrient leaching from leaves was significantly increased in both species. Based on the results, there are a great difference in the responses to SAR between the two species. In general, Tagetes patula L. represented a higher tolerance to SAR than Impatiens balsamina L.. These results suggested that interspecific variation in the acid buffering capacity and nutrient leaching from leaves may be responsible for the interspecific susceptibility to SAR.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.153-158
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• 2001

To investigate the effects of soil acidification on growth of Impatiens balsamina L. plants were transplanted to acidified soils with H$_2$SO$_4$ solution. The concentrations of soluble Ca, Mg, K, Al and Mn in the acidified soils increased with increment of H$^{+}$ addition to the soil. In both species, the plant height and root length were inhibited by soil acidification, showing much severer inhibition in Impatiens balsamina L. than in Tagetes patula L., As the soil pH decreases, the growth of underground parts decreased greatly than that of above ground parts in both species. Total dry weight decreased with increased Al concentration as well as lowered soil pH in both plants. There was a strong positive correlation between relative total dry weight and molar (Ca+Mg+K) / Al ratio of the soil. The results suggest that molar(Ca+Mg+K)/ Al ratio of the soil may be useful indicator for assessing the critical load of acid deposition in herb species.s.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.348-352
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• 2007

To investigate the effects of soil pH on plants, the seedlings of french marigold (Tagetes patula L.) was transplanted into the soils acidified with $H_{2}SO_{4}$ solutions (pH 5.3, 4.5, 3.9, 3.5). The level of malondialdehyde was significantly increased by soil acidification. As the pH levels decreased from 5.3 to 3.5, the contents of dehydroascorbate and oxidized glutathione of the plant were significantly increased. The antioxidative enzyme activities of the plant affected by soil acidification were increased as the pH decreased.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of simulated acid rain (SAR) on growth and antioxidant system in french marigold (Tagetes patula L.). Plants were subjected to four levels of SAR (pH 5.6, 4.0, 3.0, 2.0) in the growth chambers for 2 weeks. SAR decreased both plant height and plant dry weight of french marigold. As the pH levels decreased from 5.6 to 2.0, the content of MDA highly increased linearly. The ratios of dehydroascorbate/ascorbate and oxidized glutathione/reduced glutathione were significantly increased with decreasing pH levels. The enzyme (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase etc.) activities of the plant affected by SAR were increased as the pH decreased. Based on the results, SAR caused oxidative stress in french marigold and resulted in significant reduction in plant growth. Biochemical protection responses might be activated to prevent the plant from damaging effects of oxidative stress generated in SAR.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.135-141
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• 2009

In this paper, Tagetes extracts were extracted from leave, root, stem and flower at $100^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes. Silk fabrics were dyed with Tatetes Patula L. to investigate the dyeing properties in accordance with dye concentration, pH, temperature, time of pre-, simul- and post-treatment of mordants using the three types of mordants. As a result, the surface color of the silk fabrics was yellowish regardless of the types of mordants. However, the a values were decreased and b values were increased in the order of the dyeing using Al>Cu>Fe: Al mordanted silk fabrics were appeared in greenish yellow and Fe mordanted silk fabrics were done in redish yellow. K/S values of the silk fabrics treated with Fe mordant were 3 times higher than those of Al and Cu mordants according to the increase in dye concentration. This behaviour was shown even in the increase of mordant concentration due to the interaction of mordant and pigments of Tatetes Patula L. But, the types of mordants did not affect because the equilibrium was obtained in 20 minutes in a similar way. And it showed that the highest K/S value of the silk fabrics studied was pH 4 and $80^{\circ}C$ regardless of the types of mordants.

• Mycobiology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.221-225
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• 2003

Effect of ethanolic extracts of Lawsonia inermis, Azadirachta indica, Vinca rosea, Tagetes patula, Ocimum sanctum, Colocasia antiquorum, Adhatoda vasica, Moringa oleifera, Datura metel and Curcuma longa leaf on conidial germination, mycelial growth and sporulation of Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and A. fumigatus were examined. The conidial germination of A. flavus and A. fumigatus were most inhibited by the extract of L. inermis, while that of A. niger was inhibited by A. indica. Other tested plant extracts have a good effect on conidial germination on the selected fungi. The highest mycelial growth of A. flavus(37 mm) was found in V. rosea, but in case of A. niger and A. fumigatus it(38 and 39 mm) was found in D. metel. The lowest(4, 9 and 6 mm) respectively mycelial growth of these fungi found in L. inermis. The highest sporulation($75{\times}10^4/ml$) of A. flavus was counted in V. rosea, but in case of A. niger and A. fumigatus those($45{\times}10^4$ and $55{\times}10^4/ml$) were in D. metel and the lowest($5{\times}10^4,\;12{\times}10^4\;and\;9{\times}10^4/ml$) respectively sporulation of these fungi counted in L. inermis plant extract medium.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2024

Among the various environmental conditions necessary for growing crops, light is closely related to the anthesis. This study aimed to determine the optimal photoperiod affecting floral differentiation in an edible flower, marigold, to efficiently cultivate the crops in a closed-type plant factory. The experiment was conducted with photoperiods of 4, 8, 12, and 16 hours. French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) 'Durango Red' seeds were sown in polyurethane sponges, and the photoperiod treatments were applied immediately. The extent of floral differentiation was examined at 2-3 day intervals, defined as the visible appearance of flower buds at least 2 mm in size. The growth parameters such as shoot fresh weight and dry weight, height, and leaf area were measured. The optimal photoperiod was determined based on the days when the floral differentiation had occurred in 50% of the total plants. In the 4-hour treatment, proper growth and flower buds did not appear. From the 8-hour treatment, the plant grew normally, and floral differentiation occurred, however, the 8-hour treatment showed the slowest floral differentiation compared to the 12 hours treatments or more. The 12- and 16-hour treatments didn't show significant differences in floral differentiation. While the 16-hour treatment exhibited the highest results in all growth parameters, it was not significantly different from the 12-hour treatment except for shoot dry weight and leaf area. According to the results, 8 hours of photoperiod induced floral differentiation. However, more time was required for flower bud formation, and plant growth was significantly lower compared to photoperiods of 12 hours or more. Considering the energy consumption and its growth, the optimal photoperiod for marigold was 12 hours.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.201-207
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• 2016

In LID facilities treating stormwater runoff, various kinds of plants are applied for water circulation recovery and pollutant reduction. However, rapid changes of soil moisture due to the use of porous media and spread of deicing material during winter season cause slow plant growth that detrimentally leads to many problems including death of plants. Therefore, this study was performed to evaluate the salt resistance of plants, its effects on pollutants removal, and water circulation recovery. Eight different kinds of plants applicable to an LID facility were selected for the experiment, which were Bridal wreath (Spiraea japonica, S.J), Azalea (Rhododendron indicum, R.I), Dawn Redwood (Metasequoia glyptostroboides, M.G), Sweet flag (Acorus calamus A.C), Dwarf fan-shape columbine(Aquilegia flabellata, A.F), Pink (Dianthus chinensis, D.C), Pratia pedunculata (Pratia pedunculata, P.B) and Marigold (Tagetes patula, T.P). Woody plants such as S.P, R.I, and M.G appear to have less salt resistance compared to the other herbaceous plants. Specifically, M.G achieved the highest salt resistance among the other woody plants being followed by S.P, and R.I, respectively. For herbaceous plants, T.L and D.C have the higher salt resistances than that of A.C, P.B, and A.F, respectively. Regardless of the influence of salt to most of the plants, TN and TP were reduced more than 60% and the study suggests the M.G showed high pollutant removal efficiency and provided better water circulation by means of active photosynthesis and respiration due to higher growth.