• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Purpose : This study was conducted for the purpose of finding out of effects Eating training on patients with swallowing disorder caused by stroke to their swallowing functions. Method : 29 subjects were selected and the divided into two groups. Group 1 is consist of 14 patients under eating training group and Group 2 is consist of 15 patients each group has five times per week. 30 minuted per time covering 12-week period. Selected patients can swallow them selves without aspiration and basically eating trainings involve Thermal Tactile Stimulation(TTS), Shaker exercise, tongue movements, laryngeal mobilization exercise. MASA(The Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability)and VFSS(Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study) was carried out to find out effects of training. And We use FDS(Functional Dysphagia Scale) for VFSS to more objective score. Result : Through the results of this study was increase in Eating performance skill actual eating training group than the practiceless group. Therefore, the actual eating training is to improve the swallowing function and It will be useful in clinical intervention for stroke patients. Conclusion : Through the results of this study was increase in Eating performance skill actual eating training group than the practice less group. Therefore, the actual eating training is to improve the swallowing function and It will be useful in clinical intervention for stroke patients.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.614-622
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• 1999

Recent studies have implicated that more rostral components of the trigeminal spinal nucleus including subnucleus oralis (Vo) in orofacial nociceptive mechanisms. Since there is only limited electrophysiological evidence, the present study was initiated to characterize the receptive field and response properties of malls nociceptive neurons in chloralose/urethan-anesthetized rats. Single neuronal activity was recorded in right subnucleus oralis, and types of nociceptive neurons classified wide dynamic range (WDR), NS (nociceptive specific) and deep nociceptive (D) and the mechanoreceptive field (RF) and response properties were determined. A total of 34 nociceptive neurons could be subdivided into 17WDR neurons, 12NS neurons and 5D neurons. Vo nociceptive neurons had RF involving maxillary and/or mandibular divisions mainly located in the intraoral and/or perioral regions. Majority of Vo nociceptive neurons showed spontaneous activity less than 1Hz. The NS and D neurons activated only by heavy pressure and/or pinch stimuli had high mechanical thresholds compared to WDR neurons activated also by tactile stimuli. Vo nociceptive neurons showed a progressive increase of response to the graded mechanical stimuli. 39% of Vo nociceptive neurons received C-fiber electrical input as well as A-fiber electrical input from their RF, and 45% of them responded to electrical stimulation of the right maxillary first molar. 41% of Vo nociceptive neurons responded to noxious heat applied to their RF, and 18% of them showed an immediate burst of discharges following MO application to the right maxillary first molar pulp. These results indicate that Vo is involved in the transmission of nociceptive information mainly coming from intraoral or perioral region including tooth pulp.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.48-56
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• 2016

Background: Recently, there has been an emphasis on the use of interventions with biofeedback information for the maintenance or correction of posture. Objects: This study assessed the change of trunk posture and trunk muscle activation when people exhibiting postural kyphosis performed visual display terminal work with or without a contact feedback device (CFD). Methods: Eighteen right-handed individuals were recruited. Thoracic angle and right thoracic erector spinae (TES) muscle amplitude were analyzed. There were two sessions in these experiments. The control session involved 16 minutes of typing without a CFD, and the CFD session involved 16 minutes of typing with a CFD. The visual analog scale score was analyzed with a paired t-test, and the kinematic and electromyography data were analyzed through two-way repeated analysis of variance. Results: The paired t-tests revealed that subjects had significantly less pain after the CFD sessions than after the control sessions (p<.05). Significant main effects by session and by time were observed in the thoracic kyphosis angle (p<.05). There was a significant session${\times}$time interaction for TES amplitude (p<.05), along with significant main effects by session and by time (p<.05). Conclusion: The CFD caused people with postural kyphosis to straighten and to activate their TES continuously, even though they were habituated to bend their bodies forward. Therefore, the CFD was a beneficial treatment tool.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.185-201
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• 2016

This study aims to define the basic design elements of a sonic interactive object and relate them with the different metaphor types including physical metaphor, gestural metaphor, sound metaphor, and embodied metaphor that are reflected on the interface, gesture, sound, and embodied experience. It discusses how the concept mapping can be effectively done by utilizing metaphor and considering the relationships between the types of metaphor when designing a sonic interactive object. This study has a significance in the aspect that it expanded the area of metaphor to embodied experience and subdivided the types of metaphor including visual, sound, gestural and tactile information. Furthermore, it attempted to analyze the design elements of a sonic interactive object in relation to the types of metaphor. A researcher or a designer, therefore, can use this study as a reference to design concept mapping of a sonic interactive object, in a way that the design elements and metaphor types work together effectively to enable a visitor to recognize what they are expected to do with the object more intuitively.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.23-29
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• 2023

As an effort to maximize the immersiveness of user experience in virtual reality, there have been constant efforts to provide a user with tactile sensation by providing haptic feedback. Most of the haptic feedback methods, however, can create only limited or unrealistic haptic sensations since they utilize affordable actuators such as a vibrotactile actuator. When it comes to martial arts training or a game, the limitation of such haptic feedback is apparent due to the significant difference between the physical impact of hitting an object and the sensation departed from a vibrotactile actuator. Noting this, we proposed a haptic impact system that can create a haptic impact when the user hits a virtual object with the fist. The haptic interface uses a quick-return mechanism that can deliver haptic impact feedback to a user's fist. The realism of the haptic impact was evaluated by conducting a human-subject experiment. The results indicate a significant effect of haptic feedback on the realism of the virtual impact.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.144-157
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• 2000

This study was done to understand nonpharmacologic pain management for pediateric patients and nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward it. The aim of this study was that which method did the patient's use according to the nurses' age, and how did they effectively use these methods in their field. The subjects of this study were 77 nurses working in the Pediatric unit in the Kyung Medical Center from September 2 to 15, 1999 using questionnaire form. The results of this study were as follows : 1. We divided the subjects into four groups : Younger than one year old, 1-6 years, 6-12 years, 12-18 years group. In the group younger one year old, most of the nurses participating in this study used speaking in soft quiet tones, supportive touch, toys, pacifiers. In the group of 1-6 years, they used speaking in soft quiet tones, toys, distracting attention, story talking, and visual stimulus. In the group of 6-12 years. they used pop-up books, providing information, cold therapy, speaking in soft quiet tones, supportive touch. In the group of 12-19 years, most of them used providing information, controling respiration and supportive touch. 2. The effective nursing intervention used in their field are speaking in soft quiet tones, pacifiers and nesting with blanket in the group of younger than one year old. Un the group of 1-6 years old, speaking in soft quiet tones, toys, and supportive touch were effective method in the control of nonp-harmacologic pain management. In the group of 6-12 years old, story talking, supportive touch, and speaking in soft quiet tones were effective method and in the group of 12-18 years old, providing information, cold therapy and supportive touch were effectively used to control nonpharmacologic pain management. 3. To compare the general characteristics and non-pharmacologic pain nursing intervention, in the group of younger than one year, touching stimuli is widely used. In the groups of 1-6, and 6-12 years old, visual and audio method were widely used. In the group of 12-18 years old, sensitive intervention were used as well as education, information and guided imagery. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in nurses' demographic characteristics, child's age and nonpharmacologic pain management. There was significant difference only in the nurses working area, that is nurses working in the surgical department used more audio-visual-tactile pain management methods than medical department.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.97-112
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• 2007

Most traditional newspaper publishers provide online editions to counter the competition of online news providers. However, the relationship between the online and print editions of the same newspaper has not been clearly defined. Some see the online newspaper as a substitute, while others consider it a complement. A 2002 NAA online newspaper consumer survey indicated that one-third of its respondents said they were now using the print newspaper less. Others have argued that the online edition will not wipe out print consumption, and may even complement it. While the print edition offers particular advantages such as portability, less eye strain, and the tactile experience of a printed page, the online edition also offers specific advantages such as access to breaking news, continually updated information, access to old archives, etc. All these factors would tend to lower the degree of interchangeability between the products. However, recent empirical studies show that the online edition is a substitute for rather than a complement of the print edition. Still, to some print readers, the online edition provides additional value. In this paper, by capturing the two different aspects of online editions the substitute aspect and the additional value added aspect as well as other available online alternatives, we develop an analytical model to derive the optimal production and distribution strategies of both online and print editions. Confronting the "free versus fee" issue, we show that it is optimal to provide an online version of the print newspaper for free to non-print subscribers. However, the amount of free news content that the publishers need to put on the Web depends on the available alternatives on the online market. The "fee" and "free" options both have merits and demerits as well. If the publisher charges for the online version of the print newspaper, she can generate revenue from the fee charged to online readers. However, doing so will limit the size of the online audience and further reduce online advertising revenue. At the same time, by providing a high-quality online version and charging for it, the price of the print newspaper must stay low in order to lure high valued readers. On the contrary, if the publisher provides an online version of the print newspaper for free, she can obtain a larger audience for the online version. At the same time, by providing a low-quality online newspaper, the publisher can increase the print newspaper price to get more revenue from high valued offline readers, although no revenue is incoming from online version readers. Through systematic measuring of all the pros and cons, our analysis shows that the optimal option is not "fee" but "free."

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2007

Objective: The first aim of this study is to determine the effects of acupuncture on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) via Heart Rate (HR) and Pupil Size (PS), and to compare the effects of acupuncture on the subjects' ANS when they are in a sitting position with the effects when they are in a supine position. Methods: Ten healthy male subjects were randomized to receive either verum acupuncture stimulation in a sitting position (SitV), verum acupuncture stimulation in a supine position (SupV), sham acupuncture stimulation in a sitting position (SitS), and sham acupuncture stimulation in a supine position (SupS). Acupuncture stimulation was applied to Neguan point (PC6) on the forearm. The subject's electrocardiogram (ECG) and pupil size were recorded continuously from 5 min before stimulation to 12 min after stimulation. Results: Verum and sham acupuncture stimulation were found to have reduced heart rate (p<0.01) and to have increased pupil size (p<0.01) in all the subjects. But when the reduction in HR and the increment in PS after verum acupuncture stimulation (both sitting and supine position) were compared with those after sham acupuncture stimulation, it was found that the reduction in HR (74.48 and 73.47 bpm, p<0.063) and the increment of PS (7.32 and, 6.10 mm, p<0.001) after verum acupuncture stimulation were greater than those after sham acupuncture stimulation, and that the corresponding values were statistically significant. In addition, at the baseline, it was found that the subjects had a larger PS and a faster HR in a sitting position than when they did so in a supine position. And then the reduction and increment ratio in the subject's HR and PS when they underwent acupuncture stimulation in a sitting position was significantly different from the reduction and increment in their HR and PS when they underwent the procedure in a supine position-i.e., the reduction ratio in HR was greater when they underwent the procedure in a sitting position, and such reduction ratio was statistically significant (p<0.05). As for the increment in PS, it was greater when the subjects underwent the procedure in a supine position, and such increment was significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Manual acupuncture stimulation on Neguan point (PC6) has more significant influence on the autonomic nervous system rather than sham acupuncture (tactile stimulation). And the position-induced different states of ANS have different influence on the acupuncture effect.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.299-305
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• 2018

Perception refers to the process of acquiring all the information about the environment through various sensory organs such as the visual, auditory, tactile, and olfactory senses and integrating and interpreting the information transmitted to the brain. The ability to use these perceptions efficiently is called perceptual skill, and perceptual skill is an important factor for improving performance in the field of sports. As a result, many researchers have developed various perceptual training programs to maximize these perceptual skills while they have also progressed on attempting to verify their effects. The perceptual skill training introduced in this study is a training method that focuses on visual perception and is a training method that is applied in the United States and Europe. to improve sports performance. As a result of carrying out the perceptual skills training based on the kicker's important clue (the kicker's hip - the angle of the body and foot before kicking) to the goalkeeper in the situation of a soccer penalty kick improved the ability of predicting the direction of the ball while even in tennis, carrying out the perceptual skills training based on the server's important clue (position, ball, racket) improved the accuracy of the ability to predict in the direction of serve. Recently, there have been numerous research studies that were carried out on such perceptual skills training, but the number of studies conducted are insufficient, especially in Korea where research studies on perceptual training seem to be in a relatively neglected state. In addition, extensive studies need to be carried out to investigate whether the improvement of perceptual skills in the laboratory situation can be transitioned to an actual performance situation. Therefore, in order to elevate sports performance, researchers need to examine the perceptual training program's extent of necessity as well as the research direction regarding its effects.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.679-691
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• 2002

Volume visualization is an important subarea of scientific visualization, and is concerned with techniques that are effectively used in generating meaningful and visual information from abstract and complex volume datasets, defined in three- or higher-dimensional space. It has been increasingly important in various fields including meteorology, medical science, and computational fluid dynamics, and so on. On the other hand, virtual reality is a research field focusing on various techniques that aid gaining experiences in virtual worlds with visual, auditory and tactile senses. In this paper, we have developed a visualization system for CAVE, an immersive 3D virtual environment system, which generates stereoscopic images from huge human volume datasets in real-time using an improved volume visualization technique. In order to complement the 3D texture-mapping based volume rendering methods, that easily slow down as data sizes increase, our system utilizes an image-based rendering technique to guarantee real-time performance. The system has been designed to offer a variety of user interface functionality for effective visualization. In this article, we present detailed description on our real-time stereoscopic visualization system, and show how the Visible Korean Human dataset is effectively visualized on CAVE.