• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.84-90
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• 1989

Allergic disorders may be defined as the abnormal reactions to proteins. Cow milk is the first foreign protein which the human being would contact postnatally. Serveral studies suggested that this contact had certain effects on the development o allergic disorders with great controlversies. Seven hundred seventy eight students from middle class in Seoul, aged 6 to 17 wears, were surveyed to delineate the relationshpis between the cow's milk contacts in infancy and the subsequent development of allergic disorders in Koran population. Questionaire were included the nursing patterns in infancy, the past medical history of asthma or wheezy bronchitis and the presence of infantile eczema. Skin tests to three common resporatory allergens in Korea(house dust, house dust mite; D. farinae, D. ptoeronssinus) were performed. The positivity was determined by the wheal size larger than that to histamine. 70.2% of whole mateials was fed by breast milk, 13.1% by cow's milk and 16.7% by mixed nutsing. From the obsevation of nursing patterns by (table 2), we find that the number of breast milk group has been decreasing in 1970's. 10.1% of breast milk group(BMG) had wheezy bronchitis, 8.8% of cow's milk group(CMG) and 11.5% of mixed nursing group(MNG). Infantile eczema history was positive in 27.8% of BMG, in 26.5% of CMG and in 29% of MNG. Skin test positivity was 23.8% in BMG, 25.5% in CMG and 26.2% in MNG. There prevalences of allergic disorders in each nursing group did not reveal any statistically significant differences. In conclusion, nursing patterns in infancy do not seem to have certain effects on the development of allergic disorders such as infantile eczema. wheezv bronchitis or skin test positivity.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.243-253
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate dietitians' needs of teaching materials about nutrition education for school children in Kyonggi and Chungnam(including Daejeon) areas. This study was carried out using questionnaires via e-mail or in class to the subjects of 166 elementary school dietitians as 68 in Kyonggi and 98 in Chungnam. The number of small(less than 700 meals), medium(700-1400 meals) and large(over 1400 meals) schools based on served meals daily were 48, 62 and 56, respectively. The results are as follows: Frequency of nutrition education for students as well as for teachers was samely very low as 'once per two months' and the education used to perform during lunch time mostly. For preparing nutrition education they obtained informations from the internet(64.0%). The main topics of nutrition education they used to covered were 'et's eat breakfast', 'table manners', 'the relations of body and nutrients', 'food waste', 'foods and calorie', etc.. The largest limit of nutrition education practices faced by school dietitians were pointed out as 'lacks of teaching materials' and 'counseling techniques'. Most dietitians wanted CD or substantial teaching materials for the practices, and required their contents covering 'cooking', 'food and calories', 'let’s eat various foods', 'relations of body and nutrients', 'regular meal is important’ and etc.. Since we expect nutrition teachers to be realized soon, nutrition education/counseling is emphasized more as their duty. Even though school dietitians revealed poor self-confidence, they were positive to get improved by reeducation of nutrition counseling methods and skills. If easy and suitable education materials(CD type) are developed as good as the school dietitians desired, the materials could contribute much to better nutrition education/counseling practices at schools.

• 감성과학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.363-372
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• 2013

폭소노미 (foxonomy) 분위기 태그를 이용한 음악 검색 시 내부적으로 단어 태그 대신에 수치 태그 (AV 태그: Arousal과 Valence 값으로 이루어진 태그)를 이용하면 폭소노미의 문제점 중의 하나인 유사어 문제점을 일부 해결할 수 있다. 하지만 이를 위해서는 두 가지 선행 작업이 제대로 이루어져야 하는데, 그 첫 번째가 단어 태그를 수치 태그로 변환하는 작업이며 그 두 번째가 검색 대상인 음악을 수치 태그로 표현하는 작업이다. 첫 번째 작업에 대해서는 이전 연구를 통하여 그 유의성을 보였기 때문에 본 논문에서는 두 번째 작업에 대해서 그 유의성을 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 본 논문에서는 음악과 AV값 간의 관계를 정의하는 음악-분위기 매핑테이블을 제안하고, ANOVA 검증을 이용하여 분석 하였다. 실험 결과, 동의어 포함 유무에 무관하게 음악 구간의 A값과 V값 모두 12개 음악의 분위기에 대하여 분포차가 발생하고, 모두 제 1종 오류확률 P<0.001를 만족하였다. 결론적으로 음악의 분위기에 따라 AV 값 분포가 다르다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.195-205
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the time spent, activity coefficient and energy expenditure on 7 different types of activity. Total of 386 5th and 6th grade primary school boys and girls in Seoul participated in this study. The participants spent 8 hrs for rest, 4 hrs for out of school study, 3 hrs for leisure, 1 hr 45 mins. for hygiene, 1 hr for commute, and 15 mins. for house choir activity in the day of 6 class hours. The average activity coefficient of 1 day for boys and girls were 1.69 and 1.64, respectively. The TEEs were 2,382 kcal and 2,050 kcal for boys and girls, respectively. The energy cost for study related activity (in school and study activities) was 40% of the TEE, and for rest 20%, for commute 9%, and for hygiene 10% of the TEE. The energy cost for house choir was only about 2% of TEE. The 91.2% participant's EER was higher than the EER shown in the table of 2010 DRI for Koreans. When the participant's EER was compared with the energy allowance calculated by the method in 2000 RDA for Korean, 81.6% was in the range of ${\pm}5%$, and the correlation coefficients between the 2 values were 0.981 for boys and 0.978 for girls, which means high agreements.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 전국에 분포하는 일본잎갈나무 임분에 대해 산림시업 수행이 직경분포변화에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하였다. 본 연구에 사용한 자료는 국가산림자원조사 중 시업지 232plots, 비시업지 47plots의 고정표본점 자료를 활용하였다. 직경분포모델은 Weibull 누적분포함수를 사용하였으며, 분석 방법에는 백분위(Percentile)에 근거한 직경모형추정, 백분위(Percentile)에 대한 모수복구 방법을 사용하였다. 개발한 모델을 이용하여 산림시업의 수행여부에 따른 시나리오(임령, 지위지수, 임분밀도) 별임분생장량을 예측한 결과, 시업지 임분의 최대임목본수를 차지하는 평균 흉고직경의 이동이 비시업지 임분에 비해 이동량과 생장량이 더 높게 나타났으며, 대경목이 차지하는 비율 또한 시업지 임분이 높게 예측되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 직경급에 따른 목재생산량의 장기적인 예측과 동적인 임분구조 해석에 기초적인 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료되어진다.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.54-66
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• 2006

2005년 5월 산림청에서 전국 산지를 대상으로 산사태 위험지도를 제작하였다. 본 연구는 산사태 위험지도의 정확성 검증을 위하여 2005년 8월 2~3일 전북지역에서 발생된 산사태 지역을 대상으로 부경대학교 위성정보과학과 PE&RS Lab에서 개발한 PKNU 3호 시스템으로 촬영한 영상을 이용하여 산사태 발생 지역을 추출한 후 산사태 위험지도와 중첩해서 산사태 위험지도의 정확도를 검증하였다. 또한 ArcView 3.3의 산지 지형 분석과 하계망 분석을 통해 산사태 발생 지역의 고도, 경사도, 경사방향, 하천장, 유역면적에 대한 특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 산사태 위험지도의 등급별 단위 %량의 조정이 필요하며 산사태 위험지도 작성에 기본이 되는 산사태 위험 판정표에 대한 수정 보완이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2014

Properties of school foundation are divided into fundamental property for education and fundamental property for profit. As school sites and teachers used for educational and study activities of students, fundamental property for education includes practice sites, farms and support research attached facilities in addition to school facilities. According to the Clause 1 of Article 4 of the University Foundation and Management Regulation and the Attached Table 2 of the Same Regulation, dormitory is classified as property for education(non-profit). In other words, there is no need to create profit for dormitory management. It is supposed that there are little regional differences in construction cost of dormitory with general specifications. In this case, boarding fees of university dormitories should make no difference. This study analyzed boarding fees, depending on regional factors(Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, metropolitan cities and provinces), and depending on foundation subjects(national public university and private university), classes(four-year university and college) and principal schools-branch schools. The result of One-Way ANOVA showed that Seoul showed the highest average boarding fee and it was followed by Gyeonggi-do, metropolitan cities and provinces. Also, the average boarding fees of private universities and four-year universities were higher than national public universities and than colleges, respectively. In addition, branch school's boarding fee was higher than principal school's. Additionally, this study extracted a model using the hedonic model to see how various characteristics such as region, foundation subject and class influence the boarding fee. This study would serve as fundamental research on the boarding fee. Thus far, there have been difficulties in obtaining accurate data and analyzing boarding fees, since there is no open data about dormitories and it isn't mandatory to open it, but it is anticipated that this would be used as fundamental research for estimating and analyzing boarding fees of many universities in the future.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2007

This study was performed to weigh the average meal portion sizes served for preschoolers by kindergarten teacher. The subjects were 53 teachers from 8 kindergartens, which are random sampled by meal service number. Using the weighing method assessed the meal portion sizes of food items at lunch. The data was complied by performing $\chi^2-test$ using SPSS WIN 11.0. The result was as followed: 98.0% of teacher agreed with the meal service because of 'better food habit and table etiquette'(68.0%), 'health promotion with balanced diet'(22.0%), 'owing to extending school time'(6.0%) and 'demand of parents'(2.0%). Preschooler eat lunch at class (84.9%) and meal serving size was decided by teacher (79.2%). Teachers thought that they know very well about portion size 3.8%, 96.2% of teacher thought that they don't know much about portion size. Portion size were not significantly different by food tray types but there was much different (almost 100%) compared with minimum and maximum within dishes. Most average portion size was not met dietary reference intake except cooked rice, soups and fish cutlet. Working experience effected on portion size. More served, more working experienced of teacher. For example Bulgogi was served 26.8 g by teacher who has over 6 years working experience compared with 2-6 years (20.4 g) and less than 2 years (17.1 g) (p < 0.01). Spinach portion size was significantly different by teacher's working experience (p < 0.01). Portion size were not significantly different by preschooler's age. The reference of dietary for preschooler was different by age, but teachers served meal by their experience. According to the results of this study, it is necessary to educate meal portion size for kindergarten teacher who take charge in meal serving. To provide guidance to teacher about reasonable portion sizes for preschoolers, teacher need to take nutrition education about meal service and child nutrition in college. This study would be useful to those who plan meals for preschoolers and to researchers studying dietary intakes of preschooler.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국사회복지학회 2004년도 추계공동학술대회 자료집
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• pp.461-492
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• 2004

This study examined the effects of gender, parental support and treatment type on the treatment outcome of adolescent substance abusers. Outcome variable was the successful graduation (or drop) from an Intensive Adolescent Outpatient Program. Adolescents with their parents' support were treated in one of three treatment models (2-weeks Inpatient plus 6 week Intensive Croup-Oriented Outpatient, 8-weeks Intensive Croup-Oriented Outpatient, and 8-weeks Individual-Family Therapy) within a private hospital-affiliated treatment center by managed care practice allowing their own choice (non-random natural assignments). Several hypotheses were tested for main effects by the Log-Linear Analyses for a multi-dimensional contingency table with 440 adolescents (284 boys and 156 girls treated during 1992-l997) from middle-class families with private health insurances. The following results were found. Odds of graduating versus dropping out of the treatment program among : (1) girls were 1.7 times higher than those among boys; (2) adolescents with two-parent were 2.2 times higher than those among adolescents with one-parent ; (3) adolescents with Inpatient plus Outpatient was 1.7 times higher than that of those with Outpatient; (4) adolescents with Individual-Family Therapy was 2.3 times higher than that of those with Outpatient Model. There was no statistically significant outcome difference between the Individual-Family Therapy and the Inpatient plus Outpatient. Implications from the results were discussed. Suggestions were made to improve the treatment components in the areas of gender sensitivity, securing more parental support, alternatives for separation from peer group and integrating new peer groups, and flexibility for the unique needs of individual family. Also, some research questions for future studies were suggested.

• 전자공학회논문지SC
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 m차 기약 AOP를 적용하여 시스템 복잡도를 개선한 GF(2/sup m/)상의 새로운 AB²＋C 연산기법과 그 하드웨어 구현회로를 제안하였다. 제안된 회로는 병렬 입출력 구조를 가지며, CS, PP 및 MS를 모듈로 하여 구성되며 이들은 각각 AND와 XOR 게이트의 규칙적인 배열구조를 갖는다. 제안된 회로의 시스템 복잡도는 (m＋1)²개의 2-입력 AND게이트와 (m＋1)(m＋2)개의 2-입력 XOR게이트의 회로복잡도와 연산에 소요되는 최대 지연시간은 T/sub A/sup ＋/(1＋「log₂/sup m/」)T/sub x/ 이다. 제안된 연산기의 시스템 복잡도와 구성상의 특징을 타 연산기를 표로 비교하였고, 그 결과 상대적으로 우수함을 보였다. 또한, 단순하면서도 정규화된 소자 및 결선의 구조는 VLSI 구현에 적합하다.