• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제9권1_2호
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• pp.7-16
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• 1966

In order to determine the factors related to site quality, 13 areas of Larch growing in the Kwangung and its vicinity forest as sample plots, were examined. Sample plots included various site classes as well as age classes. Three were divided into two groups (major and minor trees). Average height of dominant trees was determined through messurement of 5 to 6 dominant tree in each sample plots. Average height of dominant 30 year-old trees was the basis for site index. A Standard Yield Table for the larch produced in Kwangnung forest was made by various data, which included age class 5, ranging from 10 to 45 years. The relationship of the height of the trees, the site conditions, and ground vegetation are investigated in this paper. The site indexes of 40 forest class age in 28-B and 28-G forest classes of the larch associations for ground vegetation had comparatively rarge differences due to the sampled areas. The relation of the direction of forest communities to the height and the diameter of the tree shwoed that its communiteis of northest and northwest parts appeared higher valueof the height and the diameter. The diameter and the height of trees were closely realted to each other. The samller the occupied area per tree and the smaller the average distance among trees, the more density was increased. The larger the density was the lower height of the trees. In the ground vegetation of the larch communities, there seems to be a definite correlation between the height of trees and the occupied area per tree or the average distance among the trees. The height of trees and site index of two larch communities were as follow: 28-B forest class site index 20.8, height 24.0m, 28-G forest class site index 18.4, height 20.9m. The ground layer was analyzed by the method of Quadrat(20/20sq. cm) with an interval of 1M. It set up 40 Quadrats of the larch communiteis. The community structure of the ground vegetation of two larch was analyzed, and important value was calculated and then evaluated. The ground vegetation under the larch had developed Burmannii Beauv stratal society below the 28-B and 28-G the forest class. Accordingly, the first important value of Burmannii Beauv was found in two ground vegetation below the larch. Therefore, this species could be quantitatively considered as the forest indicator species. Common species of each community appeared 18 species out of 34 species in the ground vegetation under two larch communities. The ground vegetation of the 28-B forest class showed more than that of the 28-G forest class. the similarity of the ground vegetation was measrued by the Frequency Index Community Coefficient. The differences between the associations were lcearly manifested by the ground vegetation tested by Gleason's Frequency Index of Community Coefficient for the analysis of each stratal society of all associations. According to F.I.C.C. the ground vegetation under two larch(28-B and 28-G) forest classes showed higher value. An investigation into the relationship of physical and chemical properties of soil and site was considered the next step to be taken in the study of the larch site classification.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.45-58
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• 1999

경북 포항 북부 지역의 지하수면고도(수두)와 로그-투수량계수의 분포 상황을 효과적으로 나타내기 위해 수치지도를 활용하였다. 특히 분포 상황 구현을 위해 자연 지하수층내의 유한한 측정치들에 지하탐사 통계학적 방법 kriging을 이용하였다. 계산된 variogram들은 spherical model로 근사하였으며 nugget과 range는 각각 0과 6km로 취하였다. 수두의 분포는 북서쪽의 peak로부터 대체로 동쪽 방향으로 낮아지며, 로그-투수량계수는 중심부근에서 최대값을 보이고 외곽쪽으로 감소한다. 지하수면고도와 로그 투수량계수의 분포로부터 지하수의 동쪽 및 북쪽 방향 유량을 유한차분법을 이용하여 계산하였다. 유동의 방향은 peak로부터 대체로 동향이고 peak의 동쪽방면에서 발산하는 경향을 보인다. 지역내의 몇 지점에서는 수렴하는 유동이 나타나기도 한다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.55-64
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• 1998

In order to investigate and compare the health risk factors of nurses in the operating room(OR nurse) and ward (WARD nurse), the questionnaire survey for subjective symptoms was carried out on 553 nurses(132 OR nurses and 421 WARD nurses) who were employed at seven hospital. The self-administered questionnaries were composed of low back pain, subjective fatigue symptoms, musculo-skeletal symptoms, psychological stress and reproductive function. The results were as follows : 1. In the type of working posture and working environment, there were significant difference between two groups for working posture, waist form, height of working table, satisfaction of chair, lifting & carring. 2. Job satisfaction, duration of work, height of working table, satisfaction of chair, lifting & carring were significantly associated the low back pain. 3. In the complaints of subjective fatigue symptoms, the total mean score was higher in OR nurse than WARD nurse, but there was not significant. The items that the mean score of OR nurse was significantly higher than WARD nurse were 'head feels muddled', 'apt to forget', 'feel choky'. 4. In the complaints of musculo-skeletal syrrptoms, the total mean score was higher in OR nurse than WARD nurse, but there was not significant. The item that the mean score of OR nurse was significantly higher WARD nurse was 'wrist discomfort or pain'. 5. The comparison of spontatenous abortion in married nurses who had the experience of pregnancy were significantly associated the stress risk group. 6. In all of OR and Ward nurses, the job satisfaction is associated with subjective fatigue symptoms, musculo-skeletal symptoms, and stress. In conclusion, it suggested that working posture, working environment, stress, and job satisfaction were health risk factors of nurses working in the operating room. Further prospective intervention studies should be conducted to educate right working posture, improve of working environment, decrease of stress, and increase of job satisfaction.

• 교육시설
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2001

This study investigated technology education, laboratory management and facilities in middle schools with the goal of finding problems. Ninety-six randomly selected schools and questionnaire was done to the teachers of 84 schools which have laboratory. Five of these schools received on-site inspections. The results of study are as follows : 1) 12.5% of schools have no laboratory. The average laboratory has less than 50% of the necessary equipment for total operations. laboratories are used an average of once or twice per two time frame. 2) 80%of the laboratories are located at the end of a row of regular class rooms. The most common laboratory style is classroom plus hallway($90m^2$) style. 77% of laboratories have a single entrance. 3) 69% of teachers reported the worktable arrangement to be inconvenience. 68% of the schools have 9 worktables per laboratory. 38% say the worktables are not wide enough and 36% said they were appropriate. Table dimensions range from $95{\sim}110cm$ in width and from $210{\sim}225cm$ in length. 65% of the teachers say table height is low with a range from $76{\sim}82cm$. 86% of the teachers say that the height of chair is low and the range of its measurement is from $37{\sim}47cm$. 84% of the teachers points out that laboratory is poorly lighted.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2018

To study the effectiveness of sliding isolation in a CRLSS (concrete rectangular liquid-storage structure) and develop a reasonable limiting-device method, dynamic responses of non-isolation, sliding isolation with spring limiting-devices and sliding isolation with steel bar limiting-devices are comparatively studied by shaking table test. The seismic response reduction advantage of sliding isolation for concrete liquid-storage structures is discussed, and the effect of the limiting-device type on system dynamic responses is analyzed. The results show that the dynamic responses of sliding isolation CRLSS with steel bar-limiting devices are significantly smaller than that of sliding isolation CRLSS with spring-limiting devices. The structure acceleration and liquid sloshing wave height are greatly influenced by spring-limiting devices. The acceleration of the structure in this case is close to or greater than that of a non-isolated structure. Liquid sloshing shows stronger nonlinear characteristics. On the other hand, sliding isolation with steel bar-limiting devices has a good control effect on the structural dynamic response and the liquid sloshing height simultaneously. Thus, a limiting device is an important factor affecting the seismic response reduction effect of sliding isolation. To take full advantage of sliding isolation in a concrete liquid-storage structure, a reasonable design of the limiting device is particularly important.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.54-61
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• 2018

Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the accessibility and usability of the disabled person while using the everyday facility. Background: The national laws regulated accommodation of persons with disabilities, but our knowledge on the practical usefulness of the laws and acceptance by the users is still far from complete. Method: Compliance with laws was checked throughout the actual measurement of 87 engineering designs in the facilities of a national university, and the practical usability of the facilities was investigated by in-depth interviews with eight disabled persons. New design solutions were developed by the anthropometric methodology for better accommodation. The target-specific anthropometry database such as sitting knee height with wheelchair was employed. Results: First, the statistic showed that 28.7% of facility designs comply with the law, 29.9% of facility designs doesn't comply with the law, and 41.4% of facility designs doesn't have related law or regulation. Second, the law of table height(71cm in current) can accommodate only 49.3% of wheelchaired population. The following test for 95% accommodation revealed that the table with 80cm high is required. Third, the current law in the door width(90cm) can only accommodate 82.6% of disabled persons, so the new design solution was calculated and suggested that 100cm in the door width is necessary for 99% accommodation of disabled persons. Conclusion: Even with the laws and regulations for the disabilities it was clear that the accessibility and usability of the disabled persons in everyday facilities was still limited. An investigation for the new solutions about a wide range of facilities is necessary for better practical accessibility and usability of the handicapped persons. Application: The results of current study can be a basement of developing a new guideline or regulation of the facility design for the disabled persons.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1974

The relative state of human iron storage may be ascertained more reliably through determination of the serum iron, iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation and absorption of radioactive iron in conjunction with studies of red cell morphology than from the study of red cell morphology alone. Recent investigations have shown that there is an increase in red cell protoporphyrin concentration in iron deficiency anemia. The significance of the red cell protoporphyrin has been discussed greatly during the years since its discovery. Two of the main factors which appear to influence the amaunt of protoporphyrin are increased erythropoiesis and factors interfering with the utilization of iron in the synthesis of hemoglobin, and iron deficiency. Recently Heller et al. have described a simplified method for blood protoporphyrin assay and this technique could be used assess nutritional iron status, wherein even minor insufficiencies are detectable as increased protoporphyrin concentrations. Based on the evaluation of the relationship between nutritional iron status and red cell protoporphyrin as an index suitable for the detection of the iron deficiency is described in this paper. RESULTS 1. Hemoglobin Concentrations and Anthropometric Measurements. The mean and standard deviations of the various anthropometric measurements of different age and sex groups are shown in table 1. There measurements have been compared with the Korean Standard. In the absence of local standards for arm circumference and skin-fold thickness over triceps, they have been compared with the standard from Jelliffe. Table 2,3, and 4 give anthropometric measurements and frequency (%) of anemia in children surveyed. The mean height of the children studid was 10 to 20 percent; below the Korean Standard. The distribution of height below 80 percent of the Standard was 21.2 percent, however, among anemic group this percentage was 27.7 percent. In general, the mean weight of the children was 10 to 15 percent below the Korean Standard. The percentage of children with weight less than 80 percent of the Standard was about 35 percent. But in the anemic group of the children, this percentage was 44 percent. The mean arm circumference was about 15 percent lower than the Jelliffe's standard. 61.2 percent of the children had values of arm circumference below 80 percent of the standard. Children with low hemoglobin levels, this percentage was 80 percent. The mean skinfold thickness over the triceps of the children studied was about 25 Percent lower than the Jelliffe's standard and 61.2 percent of the children had the value less than 80 percent of the standard. Among anemic children, this percentage was 70.8%. As may be seen from table 5, the mean hemoglobin concentration of the total group was 11.3g/100ml. Hemoglobin concentration was less than 11.0g/100ml. in 65(36.5%) of the 178 children. The degree of anemia in most of these children was mild with a hemoglobin level of less than 8.0g/100ml. found in only one child. In general, the prevalence of anemia was high in female children than male and decreased its frequency with increasing age. Relatively close relationship was observed between hemoglobin level and anthrophometric measurements especially high between arm circumference and skinfold thickness and hemoglobin but very low in height and low in weight and hemoglobin level, estimated by chi-square value. II. Serum iron, Transferrin saturation (1) Serum iron, and transferrin saturation Serum iron, transferrin saturation and red cell protoporphyrin concentrations were estimated in sub-sample of 84 children from 1 to 6 years and 24 older children between 7 and 13 years of age. The findings are presented in table 6. The mean serum iron concentration of the total group was 59ug/100ml. However, the level incrased with age from 36.6ug/100ml. (1-3years) to 80.8ug/100ml. (7-13 years). 60 percent of these children had a serum iron level less than 50ug/10ml. in the 1-3 years age group and 31.4 percent for 4-6 years group. These contrast with the finding of 12.5 percent anemic children in the 7-13 years age group. The mean transferrin saturation for the total group was 18.1 percent and frequency of anemia by transferrin saturation was observed same pattern as serum iron concentration. (2) Red cell protoporphyrin concentrations. (a) Red cell protoporphrin levels of children: Red cell protoporphyrin and other biochemical data are shown in table 4. The mean concentration in red cell of all children was fround 46.3ug/100ml. RBC. and differences with age groups were observed; in the age group 1-3 years, the mean concentration was $59.5{\pm}32.14$ ug/100ml. RBC; 4-6 years $44.1{\pm}22.57$ ug/100ml. RBC. and 7-13 years, $39.0{\pm}13.56$ ug/100ml. RBC. (b) Normal protoporphyrin values in adults: It was observed that in 10 normal adult males studied here the level of protoporphyrin in red cell ranged from 18 to 54 ug/100ml. RBC. and the mean concentration was $47.5{\sim}14.47$ ug/100ml. RBC. Other biochemical determination made on the same subjects are presented in table 8. (c) Red tell protoporphyrin concentration of occupational blood donors: The results of analyses for red cell protoporphyrin as well as serum iron, transferrin saturation and hemoglobin in the 76 blood donors are presented in table 7 and 8. In this experiment, donors were selected at random, however, most of them bled repeatedly because of poor economic situation, I doubt. Table 9 shows the distribution of red cell protoporphyrin concentration and hemoglobin concentration of occupational donors. The mean hemoglobin value for the total was 11.9 g/100 ml. When iron deficiency anemia is defined as a transferrin saturation below 15%, prevalence of anemia was 47.4 percent and the mean serum iron was 27.1ug/100ml. and red cell protoporphyrin, 168.3ug/100ml. RBC. However, mean serum iron and protoporphyrin concentration of above 15% transferrin saturation were 11.6 ug/100 ml. and 58.8 ug/100 ml. RBC. respectively. The mean Protoporphyrin concentration of non-anemic (above 15% transferrin saturation) donors was slightly higher than the results of normal adult males.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.97-113
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• 1987

This study was carried out to know physical growth and development, physical and nutritional indices and body fat weight and so forth by semi-longitudinal research method to measure body height, body weight, chest girth and sitting height of 260 of general high school and 306 of vocational high school 3rd grade students who are living in Seoul and born from 1966 March 1st to 1967 Feb.28th. The results are as follows: 1) Physical growth and development Growth in terms of body height showed one step straight linear development, andthat of body weight showed two step straight linear development in each section in high school. The age of cross over between two sexes of general high school students was between 10.6 to 12. 3 years in body height, between 10.8 to 13 years in body weight, between 11.2 to 14.6 years in chest girth and between 10 to 13 years in sitting height. The age of cross over between two sexes of vocational high school students was between 10.5 to 12.5 years in body height, between 10.5 to 12.5 years in body weight, between 10.5 to 12.5 years in chest girth and between 10.5 to 12.5 years in sitting height. In this periods, female group was superior to male group and after that male group was superior to female group again. The growth of vocational school students was superior to that of general school students in both sexes in terms of body height and body weight significantly. 2) Physical growth and nutritional indices In all cases of relative body weight, relative chest girth and relative sitting height, it was found to be increasing thereafter with advancing ages. In cases of $R{\"{o}}hrer$ index and Kaup index, it was found to be reaching to normal state thereafter with advancing ages. In each case of Vervaeck and Pelidisi index, it was found to be increasing and reaching to normal state thereafter with advancing ages. 3) Total body fat by vital measuring method Average values of body surface area, body volume and body density are measured indirectly by using the body height and body weight as Table 12, 13 and 14. The rate of body fat weight of general high school students was from minimum $11.96{\pm}3.53%(3.33{\pm}1.10kg$) to maximum $18.25{\pm}6.46%(9.08{\pm}2.01kg$) in male and from $25.88{\pm}3.62%(7.96{\pm}0.78kg$) to $43.00{\pm}7.22%(12.91{\pm}1.21kg$) in female. The rate of body fat weight of vocational high school students was from minimum $11.20{\pm}2.88%(3.32{\pm}1.13kg$) to maximum $17.16{\pm}5.88(10.83{\pm}3.16kg$) in male and from minimum $25.11{\pm}2.26%(7.91{\pm}0.89kg$) to maximum $42.16{\pm}7.96%(13.22{\pm}1.75kg$) in female.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.128-141
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• 2012

This study focused on the historic documents known as $deungnok$, records created during preparations for royal events in the $Joseon$ Dynasty, rather than the often cited $uigwe$, the documents describing the Royal Protocol of the $Joseon$ Dynasty. As a reference to the food served at royal banquets, the $deungnok$ can enhance our understanding of royal banquet foods. Seven specimens of $deungnok$ describing royal banquet foods are currently in existence, created during preparations for royal events by the agencies in charge of food, the $Saongwon$ and $Jeonseonsa$. Owing to the nature of their authorship, the details recorded in these $deungnok$ hold great value as important resources for the study of royal banquet cuisine. $Naeoejinyeon$-$deungnok$, which documented an $oejinyeon$ banquet held at the $Junghwajeon$ Pavilion in November 1902, was somewhat disorganized and fragmented. $Jinyeonuigwe$ was more inclusive and well-summarized, since the former were progress reports to the King during banquet preparations that listed various items separately, such as dishes for each table setting and the kinds of flower pieces, and thus did not present a complete picture of all the details as a whole. The latter, on the other hand, were final reports created upon completion of a banquet, and contained more comprehensive records not only of the $chanpum$ (the menu of dishes served), but also the sorts of tableware and tables, floral arrangements, location, scale, and installation date of the $sukseolso$ (temporary royal kitchens for banquets). They also offer a more effective summary by simplifying details duplicated in identical table settings. Nevertheless, the $Naeoejinyeon$-$deungnok$ recorded some facts that cannot be gleaned from the $Jinyeonuigwe$, including the height of some dishes presented in piled stacks, as well as the specific names of dishes and their ingredients. The comparative study of the historic records in the $deungnok$ and $uigwe$ will be helpful in identifying and understanding the specific foods served at royal banquets. The $oejinyeon$-$seolchando$ diagrams in $Naeoejinyeon$-$deungnok$ depict the table settings for the King and the Crown Prince. The two diagrams contain large rectangles divided into three sections. In each section are similar-sized circles in which the names of dishes and the titles for table settings are recorded. From these records we can see that the arrangements of the table settings for the King and the Crown Prince are similar. The relationships and protocols shown in the arrangement of dishes and table settings for the King and the Crown Prince at royal banquets in the $Seolchando$ appear to be consistent. By comparing the two references, $deungnok$ and $uigwe$, which recorded the dishes served at royal banquets, the author was able to determine the height of some foods served in stacked arrangements, the names of $chanpum$, the ingredients used, and the configuration of the $chanpum$. The comparative review of these two written records, $deungnok$ and $uigwe$, will be helpful for a proper understanding of the actual food served at royal banquets.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.282-292
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• 2003

본 논문은 IPv4와 IPv6을 지원하는 라우터에서 기가비트의 속도로 포워딩 검색을 수행하는 효율적인 포워딩 테이블 구조를 제안한다. 포워딩 검색은 최장 프리픽스 일치검색, LPM(Longest Prefix Matching)의 복잡도가 포워딩 테이블 및 주소크기에 따라 증가하여 라우터 성능의 병목지점으로 알려져 있다. 포워딩 검색의 고속화를 위해 본 논문에서는 빈번한 메모리 접근을 최소화할 수 있는 BMT(Bit-Map Trie) 자료구조를 소개한다. BMT 포워딩 검색은 필요한 모든 검색연산이 캐쉬에 저장된 소형 인덱스 테이블에서만 발생한다. 포워딩 테이블의 트라이로부터 소형 인덱스 테이블을 구축하기 위해서 BMT는 차일드(child) 노드 포인터와 포워딩 테이블 엔트리에 대한 포인터를 각각 한 비트로 표현하는 비트-맵을 구성한다. 또한 IPv6와 같이 주소길이가 증가하면 트라이의 깊이가 깊어져서 전통적인 트라이 검색속도가 느려지는 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 BMT에서는 검색을 시작할 적절한 트라이의 레벨을 결정하는 이진검색 알고리즘을 사용한다. 실험 결과 BMT는 IPv4 백본 라우팅 테이블을 펜티엄-II 프로세서의 L2 캐쉬 크기인 512KB 보다 작게 압축하였으며, 최대 250ns/패킷의 검색속도를 제공하여 기존의 알려진 가장 빠른 최장 검색 알고리즘의 성능과 같은 속도를 실현하였다.