• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.74-77
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• 2013

Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is an entrapment neuropathy of the posterior tibial nerve or one of its branches within the tarsal tunnel, and is often caused by ganglia, lipoma, accessory muscles, varicosities, neural tumours, trauma and systemic diseases. We have successfully treated a patient with tarsal tunnel syndrome which was associated with os sustentaculi.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.238-247
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• 2004

Purpose: Pain management is often needlessly suboptimal. Health care professionals are seldom trained in pain management, may not realize the importance of pain management or recognize that a patient is in pain, and may fear prescribing opioid medications. Noting that one of the problems related to health care professionals is poor assessment of pain, we studied a trend of pain severity and satisfaction with pain controls after using TTS-fentanyl in order to determine whether a regular pain assessment was effective for controlling cancer pain. Methods: We assessed the pain as a $5^{th}$ vital sign after using TTS-fentanyl in 471 hospitalized cancer patients during 4 days. The data were collected from September, 2003 to December, 2003. Pain severity was assessed by using a numeric pain intensity scale($0{\sim}10$) by ongoing pain assessment. Results: Pain assessment as a $5^{th}$ vital sign had led to reduce patient's pain scores. High degrees of satisfaction scores in both patients and doctors with TTS-fentanyl were observed. They were also negatively correlated with the pain severity. Conclusion: Regular pain assessment was effective in the management of cancer pain.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.263-271
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• 2010

Intermittent CSR testing was used to investigate the degradation of an FKM O-ring, also the prediction of its life-time. An intermittent CSR jig was designed taking into consideration the O-ring's environment under use. The testing allowed observation of the effects of friction, heat loss, and stress relaxation by the Mullins effect. Degradation of O-rings by thermal aging was observed between 60 and $160^{\circ}C$. In the high temperature of range ($100-160^{\circ}C$) O-rings showed linear degradation behavior and satisfied the Arrhenius relationship. The activation energy was about 60.2 kJ/mol. From Arrhenius plots, predicted life-times were 43.3 years and 69.9 years for 50% and 40% failure conditions, respectively. Based on TTS (time-temperature superposition) principle, degradation was observed at $60^{\circ}C$, and could save testing time. Between 60 and $100^{\circ}C$ the activation energy decreased to 48.3 kJ/mol. WLF(William-Landel-Ferry) plot confirmed that O-rings show non-linear degradation behavior under $80^{\circ}C$. The life-time of O-rings predicted by TTS principle was 19.1 years and 25.2 years for each failure condition. The life-time predicted by TTS principle is more conservative than that from the Arrhenius relationship.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.114-123
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• 1993

The authors applied Toddler Temperament Scale(TTS) to ADHD patient group, other disease group and normal control group to elucidate temperamental characteristics of ADHD patients in their toddler stage. 1) ADHD group showed significant difference from the control group in 'activity', 'rhythmicity', 'approach', 'adaptability', 'intensity', 'persistence' and 'threshold' categories. 2) ADHD group and other disease showed significant difference from the control group in 'adaptability' and 'persistence' categories. 3) ADHD group was significantly different from other disease group or control group in 'activity' and 'approach' categories. 4) In total scores of TTS, ADHD group and other diease group showed significant difference from control group. 5) Classification ratio of TTS for ADHD by discriminant analysis was 84.3%. Above results suggest that the ADHD patients may reveal characteristic traits in their toddler stage Further research should be focused on the development and refinement of assessment tools for the early detection and prevention for ADHD.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.12C no.7 s.103
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• pp.1067-1074
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• 2005

The mobile user interface becomes important to access information fast and conveniently, especially in the ubiquitous computing environment. Among many new services in the mobile computing environment, ubiquitous information networking service was studied using korean alphabet (consonant or vowel) domain-names including Korean single-character domain-names. Instead of handling long English/Korean URL-strings, as convenient user interface for information access, the Korean single-character/alphabet domain names are more convenient than long URL strings to retrieve information and to send information in the wired Internet as well as in the mobile Internet. We studied the convenience of Korean alphabet domain names with PCs as well as with mobile phones. We introduce the Implementation and the application of ubiquitous information portal, which has the functionality of Text to Speech (TTS) and is accessible with Korean single - character/alphabet domain - names.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.571-580
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accessibility of the Cakewalk SI-Drum for the screen reader users. An evaluation was performed by testing the accessibility of the [Virtual Instrument Editing] that is a part of MIDI Production of the NCS(National Competency Standards) by using the SI-Drum and the Sense Reader. The results of this study are as follows. The SI-Drum has almost no basic accessibility for the screen users to do an above task. But the screen reader users can perform the tasks by using Sense Reader's Mouse Pointer function and Position Memory function. To use SI-Drum more efficiently, SI-Drum's basic accessibility have to be provided fully. Several suggestions are proposed to develop a fully accessible SI-Drum for the screen users.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1993.06a
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• pp.93-97
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• 1993

본 논문은 한국어 문어변환(TTS:Text-to-Speech) 시스템내에서의 음성합성시 음질 및 자연성 개선을 위한 연구 결과이다. 합성음 평가방법으로는 한국어 발음대사전에 수록된 빈도수 순위대로 추출한 음절(V형: 19개, CV형:80개, VC형:30개, CVC형: 100개, 총 229개)을 대상으로 규칙합성시킨 1음절어(합성음절수:229개)중 음절유형별로 15개씩 총 60개 음절을 20초간 3회 반복음의 녹음 테이프를 작성한 합성음에 대하여 사전지식이 없는 임의의 그룹을 선정하여 이해도, 명료도, 잡음감, 자연성 등 4 가지 항목에 대하여 오피니온 평가를 수행한 결과를 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.219-222
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 한국어 TSS 시스템을 위한 언어처리부의 설계 및 구현 과정을 설명한다. 구현된 언어처리부는 형태소 분석, 품사 태깅, 발음 변환 과정을 거쳐, 주어진 문장의 가장 적절한 발음열과 각 음소의 해당 품사를 출력한다. 프로그램은 표준 C언어로 구현되어 있고, Windows와 Linux에서 모두 동작되는 것을 확인하였다. 수동으로 품사가 할당된 4.5만 어절의 코퍼스로부터 형태소 사전을 구축하였으며, 모든 단어가 사전에 등록되어 있다고 가정할 경우, 488문장의 실험 자료에 대해 어절 단위 오류율이 3.25%이었다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.71-83
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• 1994

This paper deals with the improvement of the synthesized speech quality and naturality in the Korean TTS(Text-to-Speech) system. We had extracted the parameters(table2) such as its amplitude, duration and pitch period in a syllable through the analysis of speech waveforms(table1) in the time domain and synthesized syllables using them. To the frequencies of the Korean pronunciation large vocabulary dictionary we had synthesized speeches selected 229 syllables such as V types are 19, CV types are 80. VC types are 30 and CVC types are 100. According to the 4 Korean syllable types from the data format dictionary(table3) we had tested each 15 syllables with the objective MOS(Mean Opinion Score) evaluation method about the 4 items i.e., intelligibility, clearness, loudness, and naturality after selecting random group without the knowledge of them. As the results of experiments the qualities of them are very clear and we can control the prosodic elements such as durations, accents and pitch periods (fig9, 10, 11, 12).

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.267-274
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• 2018

This paper introduces a smart door system composed of security system and secretary system. As ratio of single households increase, the security of household became more important. Also already there were a lot of artificial intelligence secretary system based on voice called smart home technology. But It has limits. It can not work without user's requests. That mean it is not automatic. And the voice recognition depend on user's pronounce. Thus in this paper, we design and develop smart door system that is added function of security and secretary. That can inform users that there are outsider in front of their house in real time. Also that can speak information such as user's requirements, delivery and weather information using TTS. As a result they can prevent crimes and use convenient secretary system.